foregin trade (第5页)

第 145 页 / 共 272 页

Legal Control: Unit Objectives

At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to:

z

Describe how the system depicts and checks

various export regulations in different legal systems

at the same time

z

List the types of legal controls that the system

supports

z

Create embargoes and sanctioned party lists in the

system

z

Describe how automatic export-license

determination works

z

Define the points in the SD document chain at which

automatic export control takes place

ª SAP AG 1999

Terminology definitions in the SAP System:

(cid:132)(cid:3)Sanctioned party lists are issued by various US authorities. These lists identify individual people or

firms - both American and non-American - with whom, for various reasons, American companies

may not trade or can only carry out restricted trading with. The stipulations also apply to subsidiaries

of US companies abroad.

(cid:132)(cid:3)An embargo includes all compulsory state measures relating to a ban on goods trading with a

particular state, in order to prevent specific types of trading from taking place.

(cid:132)(cid:3)In the SAP System, a code of rights is defined as a legal regulation. This regulates the export of

goods in a particular country.

In Germany’s case, this would be the foreign trade law (Außenwirtschaftsgesetz or AWG) and the

foreign trade stipulation (Außenwirtschaftsverordnung or AWV) and for the USA, there is the Export

Administration Act (EAA) and the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

(cid:132)(cid:3)To simplify export control process, articlesthat are to be dealt with and processed in the same way by

a given legal regulation are grouped together in the system.

(cid:132)(cid:3)Every legal requirement produces liststhat include all goods requiring approval. In the lists, every

item is assigned an identification number, which is entered into the SAP System as an export

control class number.

This export control class number corresponds to the export list number (Ausfuhrlistennummer) in

Germany, the ECCN in the USA and the Cargo List Number 1 and 2 in Japan.

© SAP AG LO640 7-2

第 146 页 / 共 272 页

Legal Control: Overview Diagram

Introduction Communication / Printing

Basic Data Legal Control

Documents in Foreign Trade Documentary Payments

Import Basis Module Periodic Declarations

Data Service Preference Determination

ª SAP AG 1999

© SAP AG LO640 7-3

第 147 页 / 共 272 页

Foreign Trade Cockpit: Legal Control

Cockpit: Legal Control

Create and maintain licenses

General Processing in

License

Foreign Trade

master

Periodic Declarations

Monitor master data for

materials and customers

Legal Control

Documentary Payments

Monitor/Release documents that

9

have been assigned/blocked

Communication / Printing

Simulate legal control

Simulation

Preference Processing

Create reports for authorities

Data Service

(Germany)

ª SAP AG 1999

The Legal Control cockpit allows you to:

(cid:132)(cid:3)Create licenses as license master records and assign them to documents

(cid:132)(cid:3)Monitor and release documents

(cid:132)(cid:3)Monitor and maintain data in the material master and the customer master

(cid:132)(cid:3)Simulate business transactions

(cid:132)(cid:3)Create the required declarations as file versions on disk (valid in Germany)

The following tools for monitoring are available:

(cid:132)(cid:3)You can see which order items and delivery items have been blocked for further processing due to

legal control.

(cid:132)(cid:3)You can determine which export licenses are assigned to which orders.

(cid:132)(cid:3)You can monitor your export licenses, so that you are aware well in advance which licenses are

about to expire.

© SAP AG LO640 7-4

ng in
ons
ments
Printing
ssing

第 148 页 / 共 272 页

Check Times

Check

Quotation Simulation 1

Check

Order 2

Update license

Block

Simulation

Outbound

delivery Check

3

Block

Simulation

Goods issue

Billing

document

FI document

ª SAP AG 1999

Checking procedure and scope:

(cid:132)(cid:3)General control of type of order and type of delivery:

y(cid:3)

Legal Control: __ - No check

y(cid:3)

C - Check for dispatch and export

(cid:132)(cid:3)Detailed control of order- and delivery-item types:

y(cid:3)

Legal Control: __ - No check

y(cid:3)

A - Dispatch check

y(cid:3)

B - Export check

y(cid:3)

C - Dispatch and export check (incl. domestic)

y(cid:3)

D - Dispatch and export check (excl. domestic)

(cid:132)(cid:3)When the checks take place:

y(cid:3)

1) Preventative check: Quotation at the time the document was saved

y(cid:3)

2) Main check: Order at the point when the document was saved

y(cid:3)

3) Emergency check: Delivery during creation, picking (WMS), goods issue

y(cid:3)

The aim is to determine as early as possible whether export approval is necessary, so that

sufficient lead time remains or the necessary export licenses can be applied for.

© SAP AG LO640 7-5

uotatio Order
O d utboun elivery
Go ods iss
d Billing ocume
FI docum
1 Simulation Check 2 Update license Block Simulation
Check 3 Block Simulation

第 149 页 / 共 272 页

Process

Material

Material master Customer master License master

Order

Document header 1190

- Item 010 DPC1000 Main check

- Item 020 P-402 Legal control

Check

Delivery

Legal control

Goods issue

ª SAP AG 1999

(cid:132)(cid:3)The aim of the legal control is to determine whether the export is generally allowed (embargo,

sanctioned party list) and whether any export licenses are necessary (and if so, how many). This

determination depends on:

y(cid:3)

Export’s country of departure

y(cid:3)

Goods to be exported

y(cid:3)

Export’s country of destination

y(cid:3)

Customers

y(cid:3)

Export date

(cid:132)(cid:3)In the event that a business transaction requires a license, the system tries to automatically determine

all necessary export licenses and classify the document item.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The document item can be processed further if this classification is successful. Otherwise, it will be

blocked.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The deciding partner for the check is the ship-to party, whose homeland determines the country of

destination for the export.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The crucial date for the check is the requested delivery date in the sales order (as of 4.6C, this is the

date of the first confirmed schedule line) and the goods-issue date in the delivery.

© SAP AG LO640 7-6

第 150 页 / 共 272 页

Legal Control: Material Master

Material number P-402

Plant 1000

General foreign trade data

Exemption certificate

Legal control

Legal Exp.contr.

Active regulations class Grouping

X A 4A003 Group_1

B . . . . . .

X C 1A1340 Group_3

ª SAP AG 1999

(cid:132)(cid:3)Data relevant for legal control can be stored in the material master.

(cid:132)(cid:3)By maintaining the exemption certificate data, you indicate to the system that the material you are

currently processing is not subject to legal controls. In other words, no export license is assigned.

Specifically, you must maintain the code, number and validity date for the exemption certificate.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The country in which the delivering plant is located dictates the active legal controls that are to be

checked for exports from this plant.

(cid:132)(cid:3)For each material and each legal control, you can store the corresponding:

y(cid:3)

Export control class

y(cid:3)

Grouping

(cid:132)(cid:3)By definition, every material is subject to legal control. For exceptionally well-maintained legal

regulations, it is possible to negate this assumption. In other words, you can declare that materials are

not subject to legal control unless they are specifically indicated as such, by using the Individual

maintenance indicator.

(cid:132)(cid:3)You can start a standard report, which examines the master material data and determines whether the

following data has been maintained. A cross-plant check is also possible.

© SAP AG LO640 7-7

M P l a a te n r t i a l n um b e r P 1 - 0 4 0 0 0 2
G e n er al f o r e ig n t r a d e d a t a
E x e m p ti o n ce r t if i c a t e
L e g al co n t r ol r.
L re e g g u al la ti o n s E cl xp as . s co n t
A ct iv e G ro up i ng
A B C 1 3
X 4A 00 3 G r o up _
. . . . . .
X 1A 13 4 0 G r o up _
A
B
C

第 151 页 / 共 272 页

Countries Involved

SSwweeddeenn

MMyyaannmmaarr

Country of departure Country of destination

ª SAP AG 1999

(cid:132)(cid:3)Countries involved:

y(cid:3)

The country where the delivering plant is located defines the legal regulations that are to be used.

y(cid:3)

The country of the goods recipient (taken from the document or customer master record) defines

the country of destination for the export process.

© SAP AG LO640 7-8

第 152 页 / 共 272 页

License Master

ª SAP AG 1999

© SAP AG LO640 7-9

(cid:0) 4A004

(cid:0) 4D003

(cid:0) ...

(cid:0) 1190 AG

(cid:0) JFT-MX WR

(cid:0)

Partners

... RE

(cid:0) US - USA

(cid:0) MX - Mexico

(cid:0) ...

(cid:0) Destination

control

(cid:0)

z

Legal regulations

Partners Exp. control class Countries Texts

...

(cid:1)

License number: 87

Legal regulations A

(cid:138)

License type EAG

EinzelAusfuhrGenehmigung

(Individual exp. license - Germany)

(cid:138)

Company code 1000

z

Validity period Jan. 1, 2000 - Dec. 31, 2007

z

Business transaction type 11

z

Sales document number 1334

z

Maximum amount 100,000 UNI

z

Status C

(cid:132)(cid:3)The SAP System can manage various types of export licenses that your company has received for

exporting various goods to various different customers. You must create legal controls in the system

so that legal control can automatically determine the export licenses.

(cid:132)(cid:3)An export license is always only valid for one legal regulation and one company code and is

classified for one type of license. It is always only valid for a set period of time.

(cid:132)(cid:3)An export license can be valid for:

y(cid:3)

A specific transaction type or for all types of transactions

y(cid:3)

A specific sales document or for all types of sales documents

y(cid:3)

One, several or all of the countries of destination

y(cid:3)

One, several or all of the partners (the partner role can also be specified here)

y(cid:3)

One, several or all of the export control classes

(cid:132)(cid:3)In the event that the license contains a maximum amount, assigned sales order values can only be

updated until this amount is used up. Ultimately, legal control can no longer use this license.

(cid:132)(cid:3)One export license can have different statuses. Only when it has status C - Active, will the license be

taken into consideration by the systems legal control for license determination.

z z z z z z P a r L V B S M S tn e (cid:1) a u a t g l l a a er a id si e xi t s l L i n s m u r e t e s e g (cid:138) (cid:138) y s d u g al p s o m u r Li C e c l e c o r tr u a a g e m i a m ti u n p o n m o l s a d s e o E L n at e n a n u x i t y t n p i s o y ct n t . c n p c i u c e s e o o o d n m n n e t b tr s y e o e p r l e c n la s u A E E (I 1 s A i n 0 m n d 0 G z i 0 b el vi C e A d o r u u J 1 1 1 C u : s a a 1 3 0 n f l n 3 0 t u e . 4 , ri 8 h x 1 0 e 7 r p , 0 s G . 2 0 e li 0 U n c 0 e e 0 N h n I m s - igung e - Germa Dec. 31 Tex ny) , 2007 ts
(cid:0) (cid:0) (cid:0) 1 J .. 90 T- M X P a A R r W t G R E n er s (cid:0) (cid:0) (cid:0) 4 4 .. 0 0 0 0 (cid:0) (cid:0) (cid:0) . U M .. S X U M A x ic o (cid:0) (cid:0) Destina control ... tion
1 F . A D . 4 3 - - S e

第 153 页 / 共 272 页

Sections

AA))

Legal regulations -

Types of licenses

CC)) BB))

Data specific to the

Product-specific data

country of destination

ª SAP AG 1999

The settings required for legal control are divided into three sections:

(cid:132)(cid:3)Section A contains all settings that must be made due to different legal regulations.

(cid:132)(cid:3)Section B defines data specific to the country of destination, such as special features relating to the

country of destination for the export.

(cid:132)(cid:3)Section C determines the product specific data, such as all data directly relating to the material.

© SAP AG LO640 7-10

))
Legal regulations Types of licenses

第 154 页 / 共 272 页

Section A: Legal Regulations

CusCtoumstiozimngizing

LLeeggaall RReegguullaattiioonnss

Legal reg. Description

A German foreign-trade regulations

B Export Administration Regulations (EAR)

C US re-export

Customizing Customizing

DDeeffiinnee LLiicceennssee TTyyppeess DDeeffiinnee LLeeggaall RReegguullaattiioonnss

License

Legal reg. type Description Dep. country Legal reg. Active

A AG Allgemeine Genehmigung

(General license)

DE A XX

A SAG Sammelausfuhrgenehmigung DE B

(Collective export license) DE C XX

A EAG Einzelausfuhrgenehmigung US B XX

(Individual export license)

B VL Validated License

B IVL Individual Validated License

License master SSccooppee ooff cchheecckk

ª SAP AG 1999

Section A is divided into three subsections:

(cid:132)(cid:3)Define all basic legal regulations that should be recognized in the system. A basic legal regulation

represents the corresponding export law of a particular country.

(cid:132)(cid:3)You must activate the legal regulation so that the system knows which legal regulations need to be

inspected for exports from the different countries of departure.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The system carries out a complete legal control for exports from this country for each active legal

regulation. If the check is not successful for even one legal regulation, the document item is blocked.

(cid:132)(cid:3)Each legal regulation recognizes different types of export licenses, which have various attributes. For

example, there are export licenses that are only valid up to a certain amount, while others are only

valid for particular customers or export control classes, and so on.

You can define the various different types of licenses which may be used in your firm here.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The settings that you make here control the license master record, and also the scope of check of the

legal controls in SD documents.

© SAP AG LO640 7-11

XX
XX
XX

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Section B: Country-specific Data (1)

Customizing

CCoonnttrrooll SSiittuuaattiioonn ppeerr CCoouunnttrryy ooff DDeessttiinnaattiioonn

Dest. ctry Valid until Embargo

FR Dec. 31, 1999

IR Dec. 31, 1999 XX

IR Dec. 31, 1999

Customizing

PPrroodduucctt CCllaassssiiffiiccaattiioonn bbyy DDeessttiinnaattiioonn CCoouunnttrryy

Dest. ctry Legal reg. Grouping Valid until Seq. no. License type User exit

FR A Group_1 Dec. 31, 1999 1 AG 000

FR A Group_1 2 SAG 002

ª SAP AG 1999

Section B is also divided into three subsections:

(cid:132)(cid:3)First, the general export control situation of the country of destination for an export process should

be determined. In the event that a country is subject to a UN embargo, this must be taken into

account here. The SAP System blocks exports to countries that have been identified as embargo

countries.

(cid:132)(cid:3)Then, product classification is carried out. A license type is to be stored depending on:

y(cid:3)

Country of destination

y(cid:3)

Legal regulation that is to be checked

y(cid:3)

Grouping used in the material master record for the goods that are to be exported

y(cid:3)

Validity period

During the legal control, the system determines the type of export license that was assigned here and

looks for an appropriate license of that type in the license master.

(cid:132)(cid:3)It is possible to classify a combination of country of destination, legal regulation, grouping and

validity date into more than one license type, resulting in a cascade. In this case, the system then

takes the first license type and tries to find a suitable license. If there are no licenses of that type

available in the system, it tries to find a license for the second license type, and so on.

© SAP AG LO640 7-12

XX

第 156 页 / 共 272 页

Section B: Country-specific Data (2)

Customizing

CCoonnttrrooll SSiittuuaattiioonn ooff DDeessttiinnaattiioonn CCoouunnttrryy

Dest. ctry Valid until Embargo

FR Dec. 31, 1999

IR Dec. 31, 1999 XX

IR Dec. 31, 1999

Customizing

PPrroodduucctt CCllaassssiiffiiccaattiioonn bbyy DDeessttiinnaattiioonn CCoouunnttrryy

Dest. ctry Legal reg. Grouping Valid until Seq. no. License type User exit

FR A Group_1 Dec. 31, 1999 1 AG 000

FR A Group_1 2 SAG 002

ª SAP AG 1999

(cid:132)(cid:3)Finally, you can classify the destination countries:

(cid:132)(cid:3)Every legal requirement divides countries according to different Country lists or Country groups.

Belonging to a particular country group means that there may be additional requirements and

editions to be taken into account when exporting goods.

(cid:132)(cid:3)Both in the product and country groups, a user exit is stored for each entry which can be used, if

necessary, for further checks using the standard.

(cid:132)(cid:3)All the Customizing entries in section B are linked to the date, and are therefore only valid for a

particular period of time. Therefore those stipulations and requirements of the legal control which

may change over time may be taken into account, as the system always uses the entry which has a

date that corresponds to the export date.

© SAP AG LO640 7-13

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第 157 页 / 共 272 页

Section C: Product-specific Data

Customizing Customizing

EExxppoorrtt CCoonnttrrooll CCllaassss DDeeffiinnee GGrroouuppiinnggss

Exp.contr. Grouping Description

Legal reg. Description

class

A Group_1 Computer

A 4A003 Digital computer

A Group_2 Software

A 4D003 Test software

B Group_one Hardware

B 9B01A . . .

B Group_three Software

B 9B012A . . .

Customizing

AAssssiiggnn EExxppoorrtt CCoonnttrrooll CCllaasssseess ttoo GGrroouuppiinnggss

Exp.contr.

Legal reg. class Grouping Default

A 4A003 Group_1

A 4A003 Group_4

XX

A 4D003 Group_2 Material master

A . . . . . .

XX

B 9B001A Group_five

B 9B001A Group_nine

B . . . . . .

ª SAP AG 1999

Section C consists of three subsections:

(cid:132)(cid:3)First, define the export control classes that are relevant for your materials. For example, in Germany,

the listed goods from the International List (Ausfuhrliste) are to be stored with their International List

numbers (Ausfuhrlistennummer); in the USA, the ECC Numbers must be indicated and in Japan the

coding from Cargo List 1 and Cargo List 2 must be given.

(cid:132)(cid:3)Determine the groupings required. You can choose any groupings you like. The groupings have two

different functions:

y(cid:3)

They should summarize the different export control classes, which are to be treated identically by

export law. The subsequent determination of export licenses has two levels. The first level is

based on the grouping and the second on the export control class.

y(cid:3)

Groupings should also make it possible to differentiate between two materials that have the same

export control class but should be processed differently, according to export law.

(cid:132)(cid:3)Finally, determine the permitted combinations of export control classes and groupings. The

combination, which is marked as a default, will be copied automatically during maintenance of the

material master record as soon as the export control class has been entered.

© SAP AG LO640 7-14

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XX

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The Check Process in Documents

OOrriiggiinn CCoonntteennttss RReegguullaattiioonnss

Material

Country of the

Country of the

plant of

Section A ship-to party

departure

Section B

Section C

License type

Check

against:

Result Result

License master

positive negative

Valid license(s) Set block

Log Log

ª SAP AG 1999

(cid:132)(cid:3)The automatic determination of export licenses takes place in two stages:

y(cid:3)

In the first stage, a suitable type of export license is determined for each legal regulation that is to

be checked using:

- Departure country

- Goods to be exported

- Country of destination

- Entries in sections A, B and C

y(cid:3)

The grouping is particularly relevant here.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The type of license the system found also determines the scope of the checks that are carried out in

the second stage of license assignment.

(cid:132)(cid:3)In the second stage, the system looks for a license of the type which was found to be required in

stage 1 and also satisfies all of the other check criteria.

(cid:132)(cid:3)If the result of the check is positive, the licenses that were determined are assigned to the order item

and the item can be processed further.

(cid:132)(cid:3)If the result of the check is negative, the order item is blocked to prevent further processing. This

block is made by setting the system status FTC5 at item level.

(cid:132)(cid:3)You can simulate legal control at any point during document processing.

© SAP AG LO640 7-15

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Simulation

Purchasing docs Simulation

from document

Customer 1450

processing

Item:

Material DPC1000

Regulations IQ Log

Origin FR

Business trans. type 11

z

Boycott list

z

Embargo

Input screen: Simulation z Check active legal

Customer independent of regulations

sales z

Material License assignment

documents

Regulations z Total result

Origin

Business tr. type

. . .

ª SAP AG 1999

(cid:132)(cid:3)You can call up legal control in the simulation mode at any point during order and delivery

processing.

(cid:132)(cid:3)It is also possible to let the legal control run in simulation mode independently from document

processing, in order to establish, for example, whether an export license would be necessary.

(cid:132)(cid:3)In each case, a legal control log is produced, which details the checks carried out by the system.

This enables you to see at any time how the system came to this result.

© SAP AG LO640 7-16

第 160 页 / 共 272 页

Embargo

Germany

Iraq

ª SAP AG 1999

(cid:132)(cid:3)In the event that UNO imposes an embargo on a country, you can reflect this situation in the system.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The system blocks exports to countries that have been identified as embargo countries.

(cid:132)(cid:3)This embargo check is part of the general legal control.

(cid:132)(cid:3)Additionally, you can determine at any time independent of the document processing, whether an

embargo has been imposed on a country.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The following partners in the document or their countries are checked for embargoes:

y(cid:3)

Sold-to party Partner function SP

y(cid:3)

Ship-to party Partner function SH

y(cid:3)

Bill-to party Partner function BP

y(cid:3)

Payer Partner function PY

y(cid:3)

Ultimate consignee Partner function EU

© SAP AG LO640 7-17

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Sanctioned Party Lists

Denied persons list

Customer XY

. . .

Hamburg

Mr. NO Tokyo

Mr. XY Hamburg

Mr. YZ Munich

. . .

. . .

Customer YZ

Munich

USA

Germany

ª SAP AG 1999

(cid:132)(cid:3)Different US authorities issue sanctioned party lists, which identify individual people and firms, with

whom American firms may not trade or may only trade on a limited basis.

© SAP AG LO640 7-18

第 162 页 / 共 272 页

Customer Master: Sanctioned Party Lists

Customer 1090

Country TDO Date SDN Date List Date

US X 010301 010101 010101

ª SAP AG 1999

(cid:132)(cid:3)In the customer master, you can see whether one of your customers is identified for a particular

country on one of the following sanctioned party lists:

y(cid:3)

Denied Party List / Table of Denial Orders (DPL/TDO),

y(cid:3)

Specially Designated Nationals (SDN)

y(cid:3)

Internal list

The customer master also indicates when the last check on the current list was carried out.

(cid:132)(cid:3)Although this check on the sanctioned party lists has little to do with individual legal controls, it is

part of the general legal control. If a partner assigned to a document item is on a sanctioned party list,

the item is blocked for further processing.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The check on the sanctioned party lists also takes place in the order and delivery documents if legal

control is not active. In the order, the system issues a warning if a partner fails to pass the check; in

the delivery, an error message appears.

(cid:132)(cid:3)The customer, ship-to-party, bill-to-party, payer and ultimate consignee partner-functions are

subjected to the sanctioned party lists check. The actual check is carried out regardless of the country

for which the partner is appears on the list. This check is also independent of the origin of the goods

delivered.

(cid:132)(cid:3)You can see at any time whether one of your customers is on the sanctioned party lists.

© SAP AG LO640 7-19

C u s t o m e r 1 0 9 0
C o u n t r y T D O D a te S D N D at e L i st D at e
U S X 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 101

第 163 页 / 共 272 页

Further Uses

Customizing

LLeeggaall rreegguullaattiioonnss

GG Description

BT Betäubungsmittelgesetz

(Anesthetics regulations)

PV Passive Veredelung

(Outward processing)

EV EVE

IC Certificate

. . . . . .

ª SAP AG 1999

(cid:132)(cid:3)Legal control is a tool for the administration of licenses and similar documents for export control.

(cid:132)(cid:3)For this reason this tool can also be used for other controls, such as:

y(cid:3)

Chemical controls for anaesthetic law

y(cid:3)

Administration of PVcertificates for outbound processing

y(cid:3)

Administration and control of end use statements

y(cid:3)

Maintenance of biodiversity laws (law preventing extinction of species)

y(cid:3)

...

© SAP AG LO640 7-20

第 164 页 / 共 272 页

Legal Control: Summary (1)

z

You can depict and check various export regulations

in different legal systems and their respective export

licenses in the system.

z

You can also reflect embargoes and sanctioned

party lists in the system.

z

A document item can only be further processed

when all checks have been successfully completed.

ª SAP AG 1999

© SAP AG LO640 7-21

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