LO150_EN_Col14_FT_Part_A4 (第1页) | ERP软件技术分享

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LO150

Processes in Sales and

Distribution

Date

Training Center

Instructors

Education Website

Participant Handbook

Date: December 2001

Course Duration: 5 Day(s)

Material Number: 50053194

An SAP course - use it to learn, reference it for work

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Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorforany

purposewithouttheexpresspermissionofSAPAG.Theinformationcontainedhereinmay

bechangedwithoutpriornotice.

SomesoftwareproductsmarketedbySAPAGanditsdistributorscontainproprietary

softwarecomponentsofothersoftwarevendors.

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Corporation.

• ORACLE®isaregisteredtrademarkofORACLECorporation.

• INFORMIX®-OnLineforSAPandINFORMIX®DynamicServerTMareregistered

trademarksofInformixSoftwareIncorporated.

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Disclaimer

THESEMATERIALSAREPROVIDEDBYSAPONAN"ASIS"BASIS,ANDSAP

EXPRESSLYDISCLAIMSANYANDALLWARRANTIES,EXPRESSORAPPLIED,

INCLUDINGWITHOUTLIMITATIONWARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITYAND

FITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE,WITHRESPECTTOTHESEMATERIALS

ANDTHESERVICE,INFORMATION,TEXT,GRAPHICS,LINKS,ORANYOTHER

MATERIALSANDPRODUCTSCONTAINEDHEREIN.INNOEVENTSHALLSAPBE

LIABLEFORANYDIRECT,INDIRECT,SPECIAL,INCIDENTAL,CONSEQUENTIAL,

ORPUNITIVEDAMAGESOFANYKINDWHATSOEVER,INCLUDINGWITHOUT

LIMITATIONLOSTREVENUESORLOSTPROFITS,WHICHMAYRESULTFROMTHE

USEOFTHESEMATERIALSORINCLUDEDSOFTWARECOMPONENTS.

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About this Handbook

Thishandbookisintendedtocomplementtheinstructor-ledpresentation

of this course, and serve as a source of reference. It is not suitable for

self-study.

Typographic Conventions

Thefollowingtypographicconventionsareusedinthisguide.

Type Style Description

Exampletext Words or characters that appear on the screen.

These include field names, screen titles,

pushbuttonsaswellasmenunames,paths,and

options.

Also used for cross-references to other

documentation both internal (in this

documentation)andexternal(inotherlocations,

such as SAPNet).

Exampletext Emphasizedwordsorphrasesinbodytext,titles

of graphics, and tables

EXAMPLETEXT Namesofelementsinthesystem. Theseinclude

reportnames,programnames,transactioncodes,

table names, and individual key words of a

programming language, when surrounded by

bodytext,forexampleSELECTandINCLUDE.

Example text Screen output. This includes file and directory

names and their paths, messages, names of

variables and parameters, and passages of the

source text of a program.

Example text Exactuserentry. Thesearewordsandcharacters

that you enter in the system exactly as they

appearinthedocumentation.

<Example text> Variable user entry. Pointed brackets indicate

thatyoureplacethesewordsandcharacterswith

appropriate entries.

iii

Type Style	Description
Exampletext	Words or characters that appear on the screen. These include field names, screen titles, pushbuttonsaswellasmenunames,paths,and options. Also used for cross-references to other documentation both internal (in this documentation)andexternal(inotherlocations, such as SAPNet).
Exampletext	Emphasizedwordsorphrasesinbodytext,titles of graphics, and tables
EXAMPLETEXT	Namesofelementsinthesystem. Theseinclude reportnames,programnames,transactioncodes, table names, and individual key words of a programming language, when surrounded by bodytext,forexampleSELECTandINCLUDE.
Example text	Screen output. This includes file and directory names and their paths, messages, names of variables and parameters, and passages of the source text of a program.
Example text	Exactuserentry. Thesearewordsandcharacters that you enter in the system exactly as they appearinthedocumentation.
<Example text>	Variable user entry. Pointed brackets indicate thatyoureplacethesewordsandcharacterswith appropriate entries.

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LO150

Icons in Body Text

Thefollowingiconsareusedinthishandbook.

Icon Meaning

Formoreinformation,tips,orbackground

Noteorfurtherexplanationofpreviouspoint

Exception or caution

Procedures

Indicates that the item is displayed in the

instructor’s presentation.

Icon	Meaning
	Formoreinformation,tips,orbackground
	Noteorfurtherexplanationofpreviouspoint
	Exception or caution
	Procedures
	Indicates that the item is displayed in the instructor’s presentation.

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Contents

Course Overview......................................................... vii

Course Goals...........................................................vii

Course Objectives .....................................................vii

Unit 1: Navigation..........................................................1

R/3 Navigation: Basic Features.......................................2

User-Specific Settings and R/3 Help...............................13

Unit 2: Sales and Distribution: Enterprise Structures .......... 33

Organizational Structures in the R/3 System......................34

Organizational Structure of the Case Company-IDES Holding

AG...................................................................43

Unit 3: Sales and Distribution: Process Overview............... 59

Sales and Distribution Overview....................................61

Pre-Sales...............................................................67

Sales Order Processing..............................................74

Inventory Sourcing: Overview.......................................85

Shipping................................................................90

Billing: Overview.....................................................107

Payment: Overview..................................................119

Unit 4: Sales and Distribution: Master Data......................137

Customer Master Data..............................................138

Material Master Data................................................159

Customer-Material Information.....................................171

Condition Master Data in Pricing...................................178

Incompletion Log.....................................................193

Output Master Data..................................................199

Unit 5: Sales and Distribution: Stock Available..................213

Sales Order Processing – Stock Available........................215

Inventory Sourcing: Stock Available...............................222

Shipping — Stock Available ........................................242

Billing: Stock Available..............................................259

Unit 6: Sales and Distribution: Stock Shortage .................277

Sales Order Processing – Stock Shortage.......................279

Inventory Sourcing: Stock Shortage...............................295

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Contents LO150

Shipping: Stock Shortage...........................................311

Billing Process: Stock Shortage ...................................321

Unit 7: Sales and Distribution: Make-to-Order...................335

Pre-Sales — Make-to-Order........................................336

Sales Order Processing: Make to Order..........................347

Inventory Sourcing–Make-to-Order................................356

Shipping Process – Make-to-Order................................369

Unit 8: Sales and Distribution: Complaint Processing.........383

Sales Order Processing – Complaint Processing ...............384

Shipping: Complaint Processing...................................396

Billing – Complaint Processing.....................................405

Unit 9: Sales and Distribution: Transportation ..................421

Transportation .......................................................422

Unit 10: Sales and Distribution: Reporting and Analysis .....431

List and Reports......................................................432

Sales Information System...........................................445

Unit 11: mySAP Implementation ....................................467

mySAP Implementation.............................................468

Glossary...................................................................491

Index .......................................................................515

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Course Overview

This course will provide an instructional overview of the sales and

distributionactivities,organizationalstructures,masterdataandreports

that support the Sales and Distribution processing cycle. Throughout

thiscourse,youwillhavetheopportunitytoenhanceyourR/3skillsby

completingexercisesattheendofeachlesson. Theexercisesarebasedon

therequirementsofthecasecompany,IDESAG,whichiscompletingan

SAPR/3implementation. YouwilljointheIDESimplementationteamas

abusinessanalyst. Theexerciseswillthereforeaskyoutocheck,testand

analyzevariousaspectsoftheSalesandDistributioncycle. Havefunin

your new position at IDES!

Target Audience

Thiscourseisintendedforthefollowingaudiences:

• Project Team Leaders

• Project Team Members

Course Prerequisites

Required Knowledge

• SAP01

Course Goals

This course will prepare you to:

• NavigateintheR/3SystemanduseR/3helpfeatures.

• Recognize and execute the basic processes of the Sales and

Distributionprocessingcycleinvariousbusinessscenarios.

• Recognizeand maintainthemasterdataused incarryingoutSales

and Distribution activities.

• Retrieve and analyze Sales and Distribution information using

variousR/3reportingtoolsandtheSalesInformationSystem

• Recognize and understand the interfaces between Sales and

Distribution and other R/3 modules

Course Objectives

Aftercompleting thiscourse, youwillbeableto:

vii

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CourseOverview LO150

• Understand the purpose and assignment of enterprise structures

required for processing documents and master data in Sales and

Distribution

• CreateandprocessthedocumentsusedintheSalesandDistribution

processingcycleinvariousbusinessscenarios

• CreateandmaintainthemasterdatausedintheSalesandDistribution

Processing Cycle.

• ExecuteandtailorbasicSalesandDistributionreportsandlists

viii

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Unit 1

Navigation

Unit Overview

In this unit you will become familiar with the navigation, basic screen

features,userspecificsettingsandhelpfilesoftheSAPR/3System.

Unit Objectives

Aftercompletingthisunit, youwillbe able to:

• Log on to the R/3 System

• Identify the elements of atypicalwindow

• Navigate in the R/3 System

• Make personal menu system settings

• Access the SAP Library

• Use F1 help to find field information

• Use F4helpto search forpossible entries

Unit Contents

R/3 Navigation: Basic Features..................................................2

Exercise 1: R/3 Navigation and Basic Screen Features......................7

User-Specific Settings and R/3 Help ..........................................13

Exercise 2: User Specific Settings and R/3 Help............................21

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

Lesson: R/3 Navigation: Basic Features

Lesson Overview

ToeffectivelyusetheSalesandDistributionapplication, youneedtobe

familiarwithnavigationoftheR/3system. Inthislessonyouwilllearn

howtologontotheR/3SystemandbecomefamiliarwiththeSAPEasy

Accessmenustructure,generalscreenformatsandtransactioncodes.

Lesson Objectives

Aftercompletingthislesson, youwillbeableto:

• Log on to the R/3 System

• Identify the elements of atypical window

• Navigate in the R/3 System

Business Example

AsanewuseroftheR/3Systemyouwillneedtobecomefamiliarwith

thebasicnavigationandscreenlayoutsoftheR/3system.

Logging on to the R/3 System

Figure 1: Initial R/3 logon screen

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LO150 Lesson: R/3 Navigation: Basic Features

The R/3 System is aclientsystem. The client concept enables the joint

operation, inone system, of severalenterprises that are independent of

each other in business terms. During each user session, you can only

access the dataof a single client per logon.

A client is, in organizational terms, an independent unit in the R/3

System. Eachclienthasitsowndataenvironmentand,therefore,itsown

masterdataandtransactiondata,assignedusermasterrecordsandcharts

ofaccounts, andspecificcustomizingparameters.

Ausermasterrecordlinkedtotherelevantclientmustbecreatedforusers

to be able to log on to the system. The user record will have allowable

accessto assignedtransactionsintheR/3system.

To protect your R/3 systems from unauthorized access, a password

is required for logon. The password is hidden as you type it into the

passwordfield(youwillseeonlyasterisksasyoutypethepassword).

R/3isavailableinseverallanguages. UsetheLanguagefieldtoselectthe

logon language for each session.

You can login to the R/3 system up to a maximum of six simultaneous

sessions. MultiplelogonsaremonitoredbytheR/3systembeginningwith

Release 4.6, this is for security as well as licensing reasons. A warning

messageappearsifthesameuserattemptstologonmorethanonce.

The message offers three options:

• Continuewithcurrentlogonandendanyotherlogonsinthesystem.

• Continue with current logon without ending any other logons in

the system

• Terminate current logon.

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

R/3 Screen Layout

Figure 2: Basic R/3 Screen Elements

Command Field

The command field is used for entry of transaction codes for the

purpose of direct navigation to an application transaction. You

can find a transaction code for a transaction item in the SAP Easy

Access menu tree (with the appropriate settings selected), as well

→

asinthe relevantapplicationunderthe main menupath:System

Status,orbylookingatthesystemdetailsinthestatusbarwhileinan

application transaction.

Menu Bar

Themenubarcorrespondstotheapplicationtransactionyouhave

selected. Themenubarisdesignedwithcascadingmenuoptions.

Standard Toolbar

The icons in the Standard Toolbar are accessible in all R/3

transactions. Anyicons(features)thatyoucannotuseonaparticular

transactionscreenwillbedimmed. Ifyouleavethecursoronanicon

foramoment, adescriptionoftheiconwillbedisplayed. Youwill

alsoseethecorrespondingfunctionkeyifoneexistsfortheicon.

Application Toolbar

Theapplicationtoolbarpresentsthefunctionsthatareavailableinthe

selectedapplicationtransactionyouareworkingin.

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LO150 Lesson: R/3 Navigation: Basic Features

Title Bar

Thetitlebardisplaysthenameoftheactivityyouarecurrentlyin.

Check Boxes

Check boxes allow you to select several options simultaneously

within a selection group.

Radio Buttons

Radiobuttonsallowyoutoselectasingleoptionwithinaselection

group.

Status Bar

Thestatusbardisplaysinformationonthecurrentsystemstatus,for

example,warninganderrormessagesandsystemdetails.

Tabs

Provideaccesstooverviewscreensofatransaction.

Options

Providesfeaturesformakingcustomsettingsforyourdialogboxes

(errors,warning,informationalmessages),expertmode(toviewkeys

andtext),cursorsize,quickinfoforicons,andsoon.

R/3 Navigation

Figure 3: Navigating with the Sap Easy Access Menu

The SAP Easy Access is the standard navigation screen displayed after

logon.

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

Using the tree structure of themenuyou can navigate through the R/3

system application menus. .

Youcanalso createaFavoriteslist ofthetransactions, reports, filesand

Web sites that are used most often.

Navigation Options in R/3

Figure 4: Navigation Options in R/3

TonavigateinR/3youcanselecttransactionsinthefollowingways:

• Easy Access Menu: follow the menu path until you reach an

executable transaction and double click.

• FavoritesMenu: Addtransactionitemstoafavoritesmenu. Youcan

do this by selecting an transaction level menu item and dragging

it into your favorites menu. You can also select the transaction

menuitemandusethemenubarchoice; Add. Youcanalsousethe

applicationtoolbarintheEasyAccessScreen.

Transaction Codes: A transaction code (T-Code) is assigned to

each transaction in R/3 (not each screen). You can navigate with

transactioncodesbyenteringthecodesinthe commandfield. The

commandfieldrequiresthatoperatingrulesarefollowedwhenusing

transactioncodestonavigate. Toviewtherules,placeyourcursorin

the command field and select F1 help.

To set a default start transaction after logon follow the menu barin the

→

Easy Access Screen to Extras Set start transaction. The next time you

logontoR/3youwilldefaulttoyourselectedstarttransaction.

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LO150 Lesson: R/3 Navigation: Basic Features

Exercise 1: R/3 Navigation and Basic

Screen Features

Exercise Objectives

Aftercompletingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Log on to the R/3 System

• Identify R/3 screen features

• Navigate in the R/3 system

Business Example

AsanewR/3useryouneedtobefamiliarwithhowtologontotheR/3

systemandidentifythemajorscreenelementsinascreen. Youshouldbe

able to navigateusing the three availablenavigation optionsinthe R/3

system.

Task

In this task youwill make a connection to your training server and log

on to the R/3 System.

1. Using the system information provided by the instructor use the

client,username,initialpasswordandlogonlanguageandlogonto

the R/3 system.

Client: _____ User:_________ Password: ____________ Language:

_________

Note: ThefirsttimeyoulogontoR/3youwillbeaskedto

choose apassword, to do so follow the prompt which asks

youtoenteryournew passwordtwice.

2. Open a second session foryour logon.

What is the maximum number of sessions you can have open

simultaneously? __

3. Navigatebetweenthesessions youcreated.

4. Executethetransactionfordisplayingacustomermaster:

→ → →

Hint: Logistics Sales and Distribution Master Data

→ → →

Business Partners Customer Display Complete.Enter

Customer: 1000thenchooseentertogettothenextscreen.

Continued on next page

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

What is the name of screen?

_______________________________________

What is the Transaction Code? __________

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LO150 Lesson: R/3 Navigation: Basic Features

Solution 1: R/3 Navigation and Basic

Screen Features

Task

In this task youwill make a connection to your training server and log

on to the R/3 System.

1. Using the system information provided by the instructor use the

client,username,initialpasswordandlogonlanguageandlogonto

the R/3 system.

Continued on next page

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

Client: _____ User:_________ Password: ____________ Language:

_________

Note: Thefirsttimeyoulog ontoR/3youwillbe askedto

choosea password, to do so follow theprompt which asks

youto enteryournewpasswordtwice.

a) LocatetheSAPLogonprogramfromyourdesktop.

Caution: ThisprogrammayresideinadifferentDesktop

Menu location for each system. (Check with your

instructorif you cannot find it).

b) Choose the New push-button.

c) EntertheDescription: LO150– and the Client.

d) EntertheApplicationServer: provided by the instructor.

e) EntertheSystemNumber: provided by the instructor.

f) Choose OK.

g) In the SAP logon GUI select your newly created entry in the

above exercise step.

h) Choose Log on.

i) EnterClient: provided by the instructor.

j) EnterPassword: provided by the instructor.

k) EnterLanguage: per your course.

l) Select Enter.

Note: During the initial sign on you will be asked to

changeyourpassword;continuewiththefollowingsteps.

m) EnterNewPassword: enter your new password.

n) Enter Repeat Password: repeat the entry again to

confirm the password change.

o) Select Enter.

p) Enterasmany timesasneeded, readinganysystemmessages

thatmightbedisplayed, untilyougetto theSAPEasy Access

screen.

2. Open a second session for your logon.

What is the maximum number of sessions you can have open

simultaneously? __

a) Six

→

YoucanopenandclosesessionsusingSystem Createsession

→

andSystem Endsessionfoundinmainmenu.

Continued on next page

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LO150 Lesson: R/3 Navigation: Basic Features

3. Navigatebetweenthesessions youcreated.

a) UseacombinationoftheALTandTABkeytoselectthedesired

session or use the mouse and cursor to choose the session in

you desk top menu bar.

4. Executethetransactionfordisplayingacustomermaster:

→ → →

Hint: Logistics Sales and Distribution Master Data

→ → →

Business Partners Customer Display Complete.Enter

Customer: 1000thenchooseentertogettothenextscreen.

What is the name of screen?

_______________________________________

What is the Transaction Code? __________

a) Transaction: XD03

ScreenNameintitlebar: DisplayCustomer: Generaldata

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Log on to the R/3 System

• Identify the elements of atypical window

• Navigate in the R/3 System

Related Information

http://help.sap.com

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LO150 Lesson: User-Specific Settings and R/3 Help

Lesson: User-Specific Settings and R/3 Help

Lesson Overview

TheR/3Systemofferstheopportunitytopersonalizeyourenvironmentso

youcanbemoreefficientasanR/3user. Inthislesson,youwilllearnhow

tosetvarioususer-specificsettingsandaccesstheSAPhelpresources.

Lesson Objectives

Aftercompleting this lesson, youwillbeable to:

• Make personal menu system settings

• Access the SAP Library

• Use F1 help to find field information

• Use F4helpto search forpossible entries

Business Example

AsanewuserstartingtoworkwiththeR/3System,youneedtosetyour

preferencestoaccommodateyourindividualneeds.

User Menu

Figure 5: Role-Based User Menu

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

A rolemenu describesasetof logicallylinked transactions locatedina

secondaryR/3menu. Thesetransactionsrepresenttherangeofactivities

thatausercommonlyexecutesintheprocessofperformingtheirjob.

Activity groups (user roles) are created using the Profile Generator.

The authorizations for the transactions listed in the role menus are

also assigned to the users in specific activity groups. With Release 4.6,

predefined activity groups (user roles) from all application areas are

included in the standard system.

Userswhohavebeenassignedtoanactivitygroupcanchoosebetweenthe

user menu and the SAP standard menu.

Theabovescreenshowstherole-basedusermenuforaCustomerService

Representative. Youcanfindotherrolesthataresuppliedinthestandard

SAPsystemwiththecorrespondingactivitygroupsusingOthermenuin

theSAPEasyAccessinitialscreen(youmusthaveauthorizationtoaccess

this transaction).

Field Level Help

Figure 6: F1 and F4 Field Level Help

UseF1fieldlevelhelpforfielddefinition,technicalfieldinformationand

accessing application help files.

UseF4fieldlevelhelpforinformationonallowedinputvalues.

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LO150 Lesson: User-Specific Settings and R/3 Help

If input fields are marked with a small check mark, then you can only

continueinthattransactionifthefieldisfilledwithandinputvalue.

Hint: You can flag many fields in an application to make them

eitherrequiredentryfieldsoroptionalentryfields. Youcanalso

hidefieldsusingtransactionorscreenvariants,orCustomizing.

R/3 Help and SAP Documentation

Figure 7: SAP Online Help

The R/3 System provides comprehensive online help. You can display

the help from any screen in thesystem. You can request helpusing the

Help menu.

TheHelpmenucontainsthe followingoptions:

Application help:

Displayscomprehensive helpon thecurrent application. Selecting

thismenuoptionintheinitialscreendisplayshelpongettingstarted

with R/3.

SAP Library

Thisiswhereallonlinedocumentationcanbefound.

Glossary

Enablesyouto searchfordefinitionsof terms.

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

Release notes

Displaysnoteswhichdescribefunctionalchangesthatoccurbetween

R/3 releases.

SAPNet

Enables you to log on to SAPNet.

Feedback

EnablesyoutosendamessagetotheSAPNetR/3Frontend,SAP’s

online service system.

Settings

Enablesyoutoselectsettingsforhelpdisplays.

System Functions

Figure 8: System Functions Menu

TheSystemmenucontains,amongothers,thefollowingoptions:

Create/end session

Enablesyoutocreateandendsessions. Youcanworkwithuptosix

sessions at a time.

User profile

Set user-specific settings.

Services

Takes you to important service functions.

List

Contains important list functions, such as searching for character

strings, savinginPCfiles, printing, andsoon.

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LO150 Lesson: User-Specific Settings and R/3 Help

Status

Enablesyoutodisplayimportantuserandsystemdata.

Log off

EndstheSAPR/3sessionwithaconfirmationprompt.

→

TheSystem Servicesmenucontainsthefollowingoptions:

Reporting

Starts reports (ABAP programs).

Output controller

Manages user-specific print requests.

Table maintenance

Process tables and views.

Batch input

Administersbatchinputsessionsanddatatransfer.

Jobs

Createandadministerjobsthatareprocessedinthebackground.

SAP Service

EnablesyoutologontoSAPNetR/3frontend.

System Settings-User Profile

Figure 9: Use User Profile to Set Individual Preferences

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

→ →

Follow the menu path: System User profile Own data to set your

ownpersonalprofile. YoucanchoosebetweentheAddress, Defaultsand

Parameters tabs.

Address

Youcancreateandmaintainpersonaldatahere,forexample,name,

function, room number, telephone number, e-mail addresses and

so on.

Defaults

Defaultsincludethedatedisplayformat,thedecimalnotationformat,

thedefaultprinter, thelogonlanguage,andsoon.

Parameters

Use parameters to assign default data entries to frequently-used

fields. Thisisonlyavailableforinputfieldsthathavebeenallocateda

parameterID.Procedureforfindingafield’sParameterID:Select

theinputfieldforwhichyouwanttoassignavalue. ChooseF1,then

selectthe “Technicalinfo”push-button. Thisopensa windowthat

displaysthecorrespondingparameterID(ifonehasbeenallocatedto

the field) in the “Field data” section.

TheUserprofilemenualsocontainstheHolddata,Setdata,andDeletedata

options. UseHolddatatosetdefaultdatavaluesinfieldsinfortheduration

ofausersession. Ifyoudesireyoucanoverwritethedefaultvalues. With

setdatayoucannolongeroverwritethesevaluesandmustusedeletedataif

you want to enter different values.

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LO150 Lesson: User-Specific Settings and R/3 Help

Table Settings

Figure 10: Customizing Table Settings

Use the Table Settings function to create a variant of the standard basic

table settings that are supplied for a given transaction. This feature is

particularly useful for tableswhere youdo not need allthe columnsor

would like to rearrange the order in which the columns are presented.

Youcanusethemousetodrag &dropcolumnpositionsandwidths, or

even hide a column.

Afteryoumakeyoutablesettingselectionsyouwillsavethechangesas

atablevariant. Thenumberofdifferentvariantsyoucancreatepertable

is not restricted.

Thedefaultdeliveredvariantiscalledthebasicsetting. Youcannotdelete

thebasicsetting,althoughyoucandeleteyourselfcomposedvariantsas

you desire.

Thetablesettings arestored withyourusername. The system usesthe

variantcurrentlyvaliduntilyouexittherelevantapplication. Ifyouthen

selecttheapplicationagain,thesystemwillusethestandardsettingsvalid

for this table.

Note: You can change table settings wherever you see the Table

controliconinthetopright-handcornerofatable.

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

Customized Frontend

Figure 11: Personalizing the Frontend With GuiXT

TheR/3Systemprovidenumerousoptionsforsettingsandadjustments:

• Define default values for input fields

• Hide screen elements

• Deactivatescreenelements. Youcandothisby,forexample,defining

transactionvariants. Ifyoupreallocateallnecessaryparametersfor

parameter transactions, you do not need to go through the initial

screen. These functions have been available in R/3 for several

releases.

SAPnowalsoincludestheGuiXT.Inadditiontoalltheabovefunctions,

you can now:

• Include graphics

• Convertfieldsand add push-buttonand text

• Changeinputfields(ortheirF4helpresults)intoradiobuttons

TheGuiXT scriptsare stored on thefrontend. In accordance withlocal

scripts, theGuiXTscriptsdeterminehowdatasentfromtheapplication

serverisdisplayed. Thesescriptscanbestandardthroughoutacompany,

orthey can be different for each frontend.

Asofrelease4.6,GuiXTispartoftheSAPstandardsystem.

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LO150 Lesson: User-Specific Settings and R/3 Help

Exercise 2: User Specific Settings and R/3

Help

Exercise Objectives

Aftercompletingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Set various defaults in the user profile

• Createafavoritesmenuandsetastarttransaction

• Use F1 and F4 help

• FindanapplicationhelpfileintheR/3Library

Business Example

Inordertogaingreaterefficiencyinyourdataentryandnavigation,you

will set various user-specific settings to personalize the system to best

meet your needs.

Task 1

Makepersonalized settingsin theR/3 system.

1. Select your User Profile and set a user parameter for a default

company code.

→ →

System User profile Own data

Note: UseParameterIDBUKandParameterValue: 1000.

2. Review the user defaults for your logon ID. What is your default

language?

3. Inyouruserprofile,selectthedecimalnotationanddateformatthat

you desire when creating orders.

4. Createafavoritesmenuwithsomefrequentlyusedtransactionsfor

salesprocessing. AddthetransactioncodesforSalesOrderCreate,

ChangeandDisplaytoyourfavoritesmenu(VA01,VA02andVA03).

5. AddtheInternetaddress"http://www.sap.com"withthetext"SAP

Homepage" to your favorites menu.

6. Set a start transaction so the system will automatically execute a

transactionofyourchoiceassoonasyoulogontotheR/3system.

Ifdesired,youcanchangetheinitialtransactionbacktothesystem

default (SAP Easy Access).

Continued on next page

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

Task 2

UsethestandardR/3Helpdocumentationandfieldlevel(F1andF4)help

to answer the following questions.

1. FromtheEasyAccessMenuchoose: ApplicationhelptheMenuBar.

What help file did you request?

________________________________________________________

2. Executethe transaction to display aCustomerMaster(Transaction

CodeXD03). UseF1helpontheCustomerfield. Whatisthepurpose

of this field? Please write a brief summary of the purpose.

__________________________________________________________________

3. InthetransactionXD03(sametransactionastheabovestep),useF4

Search Help to find the customer number for a customer named:

Becker##(notethereisaspacebetweenBeckerand##correspondsto

yourassigned groupnumber). Arethereany customercodes fora

Becker ##in the database? ______

4. InthesametransactionuseF1helpontheCompanycodefield. Then

selectApplicationHelp. WhichfileintheSAPLibrarydoesittakeyou

to? ____________________________________________

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LO150 Lesson: User-Specific Settings and R/3 Help

Solution 2: User Specific Settings and R/3

Help

Task 1

Makepersonalized settingsin theR/3 system.

1. Select your User Profile and set a user parameter for a default

company code.

→ →

System User profile Own data

Note: UseParameterIDBUKandParameterValue: 1000.

a) To assign a parameter value for the company code you will

need the parameter ID of the field. First you need to select a

transactionthatcontainsthisfield. Forexample,companycode

canbefoundintransactionXD03. Executethistransactionand

find the company code field.

b) Next select function key F1. Choose the Technical Info push

button. Find the ParameterID BUK

c) EntertheparameterIDandusethedefaultcompanycodevalue:

1000

Save your entries.

2. Review the user defaults for your logon ID. What is your default

language?

→ →

a) IntheMenuBarchoose:System Userprofile Owndata

OntheDefaultstab,ChecktheLogonLanguageenteredinyour

profile.

3. Inyouruserprofile,selectthedecimalnotationanddateformatthat

you desire when creating orders.

a) Selecttheradiobuttonadjacentto theformatyoudesire. Save

your selections.

Continued on next page

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

4. Createafavoritesmenuwithsomefrequentlyusedtransactionsfor

salesprocessing. AddthetransactioncodesforSalesOrderCreate,

ChangeandDisplaytoyourfavoritesmenu(VA01,VA02andVA03).

a) Add transactions to your favorites menu by locating the

transaction in the Easy Access Menu tree,then select each

→

transaction and choose: Favorites Add from the application

toolbar. Alternatively,youcouldusethemousetodrag&drop

the transaction to the favorites folder.

→

YoucanalsousethemenupathFavorites Inserttransactionto

insertfavoritesusingthetransactioncodes.

5. AddtheInternetaddress"http://www.sap.com"withthetext"SAP

Homepage" to your favorites menu.

a) IntheEasyAccessscreengototheMenuBarandselect: Favorites

→

Addadditionalobjects.? Selectradiobutton: Webaddressorfile.

6. Set a start transaction so the system will automatically execute a

transactionofyourchoiceassoonasyoulogontotheR/3system.

Ifdesired,youcanchangetheinitialtransactionbacktothesystem

default (SAP Easy Access).

→

a) Extras Set start transaction

b) Enter a transaction of your choice then select the Enter

push-button. Notice the system message on the status bar

indicatesthatyourselectedtransactionhasbeensetasthestart

transaction. Thenexttimeyoulogon,thesystemwillgodirectly

to your start transaction.

c) Note: TochangebacktoSAPEasyAccessastheinitialscreen,

follow the menu path again, delete the transaction code and

selectEnter. Thenexttimeyoulogon,SAPEasyAccesswillbe

the initial screen.

Task 2

UsethestandardR/3Helpdocumentationandfieldlevel(F1andF4)help

to answer the following questions.

1. FromtheEasyAccessMenuchoose: ApplicationhelptheMenuBar.

What help file did you request?

________________________________________________________

a) The "Getting Started" help files.

→

FromEasyAccessMenu: Help Applicationhelp.

Continued on next page

第 33 页 / 共 531 页

LO150 Lesson: User-Specific Settings and R/3 Help

2. ExecutethetransactiontodisplayaCustomerMaster(Transaction

CodeXD03). UseF1helpontheCustomerfield. Whatisthepurpose

of this field? Please write a brief summary of the purpose.

__________________________________________________________________

→ → →

a) Logistics Sales and Distribution Master Data Business

→ → →

Partners Customer Display Complete.

b) Purpose of the field: The customer is a unique key (account

number)usedtoclearlyidentifythecustomerwithinthesystem.

3. InthetransactionXD03(sametransactionastheabovestep),useF4

Search Help to find the customer number for a customer named:

Becker##(notethereisaspacebetweenBeckerand##correspondsto

yourassigned groupnumber). Arethereanycustomercodesfora

Becker ##in the database? ______

a) PlaceyourcursorintheNameFieldandchooseF4. Choosethe

overview tab thatwillallowyou to search by customername

andenterthefollowing appropriatefields:

Field: Name Value:Becker ##

Youshouldfindmultiple"Becker"entriesinthesystem.

4. InthesametransactionuseF1helpontheCompanycodefield. Then

selectApplicationHelp. WhichfileintheSAPLibrarydoesittakeyou

to? ____________________________________________

a) FI–AccountsReceivableandAccountsPayable

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Unit1: Navigation LO150

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Make personal menu system settings

• Access the SAP Library

• Use F1 help to find field information

• Use F4helpto search forpossible entries

Related Information

http://help.sap.com

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LO150 Unit Summary

Unit Summary

You should now be able to:

• Log on to the R/3 System

• Identify the elements of atypicalwindow

• Navigate in the R/3 System

• Make personal menu system settings

• Access the SAP Library

• Use F1 help to find field information

• Use F4helpto search forpossible entries

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Unit Summary LO150

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LO150 Test Your Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

1. Which of the following pieces of information must you include to

log on to the R/3 System?

Choosethecorrectanswer(s).

A Customizing settings

B User ID

C Password

D Client number

2. WhichmenusitemsarestandardonallR/3screens?

Choosethecorrectanswer(s).

A System

B Help

C Both System and Help

3. ThestatusbarprovidesgeneralinformationabouttheR/3 session

and transaction you are working on.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

True

False

4. Aroledescribesasetoflogicallylinkedtransactionstransactions.

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

5. The R/3 System provides comprehensive online help. You can

displaythehelpfromanyscreeninthesystem.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

True

False

6. The help menu options are:

Choosethecorrectanswer(s).

A Application help, SAP Library, Release notes, Glossary,

and SAPnet

B SAPLibrary and Application help

C F1 and F4

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TestYourKnowledge LO150

7. IntheSAPEasyAccessmenu,youcancreateafavoriteslistcontaining:

Choosethecorrectanswer(s).

A Web addresses and transactions

B Transactions

C Files

D Webaddresses, transactions, and files

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LO150 Test Your Knowledge

Answers

1. Which of the following pieces of information must you include to

log on to the R/3 System?

Answer: B, C, D

2. WhichmenusitemsarestandardonallR/3screens?

Answer: C

3. ThestatusbarprovidesgeneralinformationabouttheR/3 session

and transaction you are working on.

Answer: True

4. Aroledescribesasetoflogicallylinkedtransactions.

Answer: transactions

There are hundreds of pre-defined role based menus currently

deliveredinthesystemfromwhichyoucanchooseoryoucancreate

your own.

5. The R/3 System provides comprehensive online help. You can

displaythehelpfromanyscreeninthesystem.

Answer: True

ByaccessingtheoptionHelpfromthemenubaryouhaveaccessto

theR/3library,applicationhelp,glossary,andreleasenotes.

6. The help menu options are:

Answer: A

ApplicationHelp: Thiswillaccessthehelpfortheapplicationyour

are currently working in.

R/3Library: ContainshelpforallapplicationsintheR/3system.

ReleaseNotes: WhathaschangedfromoneversionofR/3toanother.

Release notes for R/3 version 3.0A through 4.6C are currently

available.

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TestYourKnowledge LO150

7. IntheSAPEasyAccessmenu,youcancreateafavoriteslistcontaining:

Answer: D

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Unit 2

Sales and Distribution: Enterprise

Structures

Unit Overview

This unit provides an overview of the organizational structures and

elementsthatareusedthroughouttheprocessingofSalesandDistribution

activities,documentsandmasterdataintheR/3System.

Unit Objectives

Aftercompletingthisunit, youwillbe able to:

• IdentifyorganizationalelementsintheR/3Systemthatarerelevant

for Sales and Distribution

• Describetheessentialcharacteristicsoftheseorganizationalelements

• Formorganizationalstructuresusingtheorganizationalelements

• IdentifytheorganizationalelementsandstructuresofIDESHolding

AG.

Unit Contents

Organizational Structures in the R/3 System.................................34

Organizational Structure of the Case Company-IDES Holding AG........43

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Unit2: SalesandDistribution: EnterpriseStructures LO150

Lesson: Organizational Structures in the R/3 System

Lesson Overview

IntheR/3SystemabusinessisviewedasanEnterprise. Theenterprise

iscomprisedoforganizationalstructures. Organizationalstructuresare

comprised of organizational elements.

In this lesson you will learn the definitions and assignments of

organizationalelementsandorganizationalstructuresused to carryout

SalesandDistributionprocessingintheR/3System.

Lesson Objectives

Aftercompletingthislesson, youwillbeableto:

• IdentifyorganizationalelementsintheR/3Systemthatarerelevant

for Sales and Distribution

• Describetheessentialcharacteristicsoftheseorganizationalelements

• Formorganizationalstructuresusingtheorganizationalelements

Business Example

While executing business processes in the R/3 System, an enterprise

will enter and store data, track data and eventually extract and report

data. Inordertosupportbusinessprocessesacrossmultipleinterlinked

R/3modulesatvariouslevelsofabusiness, anenterprisestructurewill

be defined.

Organizational Elements in Sales and Distribution

Figure 12: Organizational Elements in Sales and Distribution