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Glossary

AcceleratedSAP (ASAP)

Standardmethodologyforefficientlyimplementingandcontinually

optimizingyourSAPsoftware. ASAPsupportstheimplementation

of theR/3Systemand ofmySAP.comComponentsand canalso be

used for upgrade projects. It provides a wide range of tools that

helpsyouinallstagesofyourimplementationproject–fromproject

planningtothecontinualimprovementofyourSAPSystem. Thetwo

keytoolsinASAPare: TheImplementationAssistant,whichcontains

theASAPRoadmap,andprovidesastructuredframeworkforyour

implementation, optimization or upgrade project. The Question

& Answer database (Q&A), which allows you to set your project

scopeandgenerateyourBusinessBlueprintusingtheSAPReference

Structure as a basis.

Accounting Data

Accounting data includes production cost information such as

material and labor costs.

APO

AdvancedPlannerandOptimizer(APO):APOisasoftwaresolution

that enables dynamic supply chain management. This solution

provides applications for detailed planning, optimization, and

scheduling, thus allowing the accurate and global monitoring and

controlofthesupplychainevenbeyondenterpriseboundaries. APO

comprises thefollowing modules: Supply Chain Cockpit; Demand

Planning; Supply Network Planning and Deployment; Production

Plannin. Seealso: Availabilitytopromise. IfSAPcustomersuseAPO

inconjunctionwiththeBusinessInformationWarehouse,BW,theycan

optimizeperformanceandcoststhroughouttheentiresupplychain.

APO Core Interface

APO Core Interface (APO-CIF) is an interface between the SAP

AdvancedPlanner&Optimizer(APO)andastandardR/3System.

APOCoreInterfacesuppliesSAPAPOwithmasterandtransaction

datainrealtime. Onlytheobjectdatathatisrelevantfortheindividual

planningandoptimizationprocessesofSAPAPOistransferredfrom

thecomplexdatarecordsoftheR/3System. AsofReleaseSAPAPO

2.0A,theAPOCoreInterfaceispartoftheR/3Plug-in.

Availability Check

DetermineshowandwhereR/3willlookforavailablematerials.

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This procedure makes sure that there are enough components

availablefortheplanned/productionordersinproductionplanning

and production control.

Available Capacity

Outputorabilityto execute ofacapacitywithinaspecifiedperiod.

Theavailablecapacityisspecifiedbythefollowingvalues: workstart

andfinishtimes,durationofbreaks,andrateofcapacityutilizationin

percentnumberofindividualcapacitieswithinonedefinedcapacity.

Backflushing

Backflushing isthe deduction from inventory of component parts

basedontheproductioncountofassembliesproduced.

Method for issuing (reducing on hand quantities) materials to

a manufacturing order. In backflushing the material is issued

automatically when production is posted against anoperation, the

backflushing program willuse the quantity completed to calculate

throughthebillofmaterialthequantitiesofthecomponentsusedand

reduceonhandbalancesbythisamount. Thereareusuallyoptions

during the backflush process to report scrap. In operations using

backflushingitisadvisabletosetupspecificmachinelocationsand

havematerialstransferredfromstoragelocationstomachinelocations

when they are physically picked for production, the backflush

operationwillthenissuethematerialfromthemachinelocations.

Backward Consumption

In backward consumption, the customer requirement consumes

the planned independent requirement that lies closest to it in the

past. If the quantity cannot be completely covered by the planned

independentrequirement,thentheremainderisassignedtothenext

oneback. Thiscontinuesuntiltheentirequantityisconsumed,orthe

backward consumptionperiod is reached.

Backward/Forward Consumption

In backward/forward consumption, backward consumption logic

is used first. If the quantity cannot be consumed, then forward

consumption logic is used.

Basic Data

Description and specification of activities and measurement units,

default values for operations, assignments to cost centers or labor

resources, standard values.

BOM

Bill of Material (BOM): A complete, formally structured list of the

componentsthatmakeupaproductorassembly. Thelistcontainsthe

object number of each component, together with the quantity and

unit of measure. The components are known as BOM items. You

cancreatethefollowingBOMcategoriesintheR/3System: Material

BOM, Document structure, Equipment BOM, Functional location

BOM, and Sales order BOM.

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BillsofManagement(BOM):Acomponentusedtostoremateriallists

orproductstructuresusingmaterialnumbersanddocumentnumbers

asareferencetotheobjectthattheydescribe.

BOM Category

Classificationofbillsofmaterialenablingyoutorepresentdifferent

objects (such as materials or documents). Specific data is: Specific

elementsmaintainedforthebillsofmaterialforthevariousobjects,

for example: materialbillof material(linked to a material master),

materials, documents, and texts.

BOM Effectivity

Areainwhich aBOMisvalid, oreffective. Anareaof validity and

an effectivity period are defined. When a BOM is created, the area

of validity is defined using the plant. The area of validity can be

extendedbyallocatingthesameBOMtoanobjectindifferentplants.

TheeffectivityperiodcomprisesatimeperiodforwhichtheBOMis

valid,oreffective. Thisperiodislimitedbythevalid-fromdateand

the valid-to date.

BOM Explosion

Functionfordeterminingallthecomponentsofabillofmaterialand

listing them. You can explode a BOM to show the structure of the

productortoshowthetotalquantityofeachcomponent. Formultiple

BOMs, you can define a procedure for automatically determining

thecorrect alternativeBOMforagivenareaof the company(BOM

application).

BOM Header

The part of a BOM containing data which is valid for the whole

BOM. Examples: object number/plant/usage, texts, quantitydata,

effectivitydata,generaldata,andadministrativedata.

BOM Item

Partofabillofmaterial,forwhichinformationaboutthequantityand

unit of measure are stored. BOM items are separated into various

types and special item data is managed, according to the object

reference(forinstance,materialordocument)andothercriteria(for

instance, inventory management).

BOM Usage

The BOM usage allows you to maintain BOMs (for example, for

material LAMP) for specific sections of your company. You can

maintain a separate BOM for each section in your company (for

example, production), sothat eachsectiononlyprocessestheitems

relevant to that section. In customizing functions, you can define

whichitemstatusescanbeusedinwhichBOMusage. Forexample,

all items in BOMs with a certain usage are relevant to production.

TheusageisanimportantselectioncriterionintheBOMapplication,

whichcontrolsautomaticexplosionof BOMs.

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Capacity Check

Automaticcheckcarried outduringstockplacementstodetermine

whetherthespecifieddestinationbincanholdtheincomingmaterial.

IntheWarehouseManagementsystem,therearesixtypesofcapacity

checks. Thesechecksarebasedon: weight,palletization,definitionof

maximum quantity perstoragebininthematerialmaster, capacity

usagecheckbasedonmaterial,capacityusagecheckbasedonstorage

unittype(SUT),capacityusagecheckbasedonthesumofthematerial

and the storage unit (SU).

Capacity Data

Availablecapacities,numberofmachinesandworkers,lengthofshift

(s),dailyworkingtime,laborormachinetimeefficiency,calculation

formula for capacity, etc. You can assign different capacities to

one work center, including different machine capacities and labor

capacities with different skills.

Capacity Leveling

Levelingofover-andunderloadsatworkcenters.

Capacity Planning

Capacity planning is an instrument for calculating available

capacities, capacity available and required as well as in capacity

leveling. Capacityplanningsupports: long-termrough-cutplanning,

medium-termplanning,andshort-termdetailedplanning.

Capacity Planning Table

Layoutoftherunschedulequantitiesinrepetitivemanufacturingand

theproductionplaninsalesandoperationsplanning.

Capacity Requirements

Specifies how much capacity output is required for individual

orders at a specific time. Output is subdivided into capacity

categories. Capacitycategoriesareassignedtoworkcenters. Capacity

requirementscanbecausedby: Workorders(forexample,production

ormaintenanceorders) and Planned orders.

Cash Sales

Usedwhenthecustomerispayingfortheorderwithcash. Adelivery

andoutputtypeRD03arecreatedwhentheorderissaved.

Client

Incommercial, organizationalandtechnicalterms, aself-contained

unitinanR/3Systemwithseparatemasterrecordsanditsownsetof

tables.

Company Code

Legal, independent accounting unit; the central organizational

element of Financial Accounting.

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Condition Master

Conditions can be defined according to a freely definable schema

at any number of different levels of agreement and set down in a

particularsequence. Theycanbesavedpermanentlywithperiod(s)

ofvalidityandcanbeintheformofpercentages,absoluteamounts

and scaled quantities.

Confirmed Delivery Date

Dateonwhichthearrivalofthegoodsatthecustomerisconfirmed

by R\3.

Consignment Fill-Up

Usedtoinitiatetheconsignmentprocess. Consignmentactivitiesand

documents will follow.

Consolidation

This is an accounting procedure whereby the financial operating

results of the companies within the group are combined to create

overall results for the group in accordance with the entity theory.

Accordingtotheentitytheory,theconsolidatedfinancialstatements

mustportraytheassets,thefinancialandincomepositionofthegroup,

as if allof the companies were a singlecorporation. To accomplish

this,alltransfersofassets,servicesaswellasallfinancialrelationships

between the consolidated companies that affect the consolidated

financialstatement mustbeeliminated.Theconsolidationactivities

includethefollowingsteps: consolidationofinvestments,elimination

of payables/receivables, elimination of intercompany profit/loss,

eliminationofrevenue/expense, eliminationofinvestmentincome,

and reclassifications. In FI-LC, these steps are represented by

their corresponding consolidation entries; these are divided into

eliminatingentriesandsubgroup-dependentconsolidationentries.

Consumption

Quantity normally updated by the system when a material is

withdrawnfromthe warehouse/storesand indicateshow much of

thatmaterialhasbeenusedorconsumedinagivenpastperiod.

Consumption Based Planning

Typeofplanningthatisbasedoncurrentstocklevelsandpastsales

quantities.

Contract

Used to manage long term fixed condition agreements with the

customer. Willbereferencedbya"callofforder".

Control Cycle

Masterdatausedtocontrolreplenishmentforacertainmaterial. The

control cycle determines the methods and quantities required for

replenishment from the supply source to the demand source. The

following are determined in the control cycle: the replenishment

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strategywithwhichthematerialistobeprocured,thesupplysource,

from which the materialisto be delivered, the supply area, i.e. the

demandsourceatwhichthematerialisrequired.

Cost Center

Organizationalunitwithinacontrollingareathatrepresentsadefined

locationofcostincurrence. Thedefinitioncanbebasedon: functional

requirements,allocationcriteria,physicallocation,andresponsibility

for costs.

Cost Object Controlling

Areawithincostaccountingthatassignscostsincurredinacompany

to the activity units of the company. This information is used as a

basisfor: comparingactualcostsagainstplannedcosts,target/actual

comparisons,andvaluatinginventoriesofsemifinishedproductsand

finishedproducts. CostObjectControllingalsosuppliesdatatoother

components in the R/3 System, such as: ActualCosting/Material,

Ledger, Financial Accounting, Profit Center Accounting, and

Profitability Analysis.

Costing Data

Cost center number, activity types, formula for cost calculation,

validity period, etc.

Credit Request

Usedtoinitiatethecreditprocess. Nodeliverywillfollow. Acredit

memo will result during billing.

Customer Master Data

Collectivetermforallcustomermasterrecords. Thecustomermaster

contains the basic data for all customers with which a company

conducts business.

Customer Order Management (COM)

Debit Request

Used to initiate the debit process. No delivery will follow. A debit

memo will result during billing.

Delivery Date

Dateatwhichthegoodsarriveatthecustomer

Delivery Free of Charge

Usedwhenthecustomerwillnotbechargedfortheitemsontheorder.

Delivery Scheduling

determinesleadtimesfordeliveryprocessing.

Demand Management

Planningofrequirementquantitiesandrequirementdatesforfinished

productsandimportantassemblies,anddefinitionofthestrategyfor

planningandproducingorprocuringaparticularfinishedproduct.

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Theresultofdemandmanagementisthedemandprogram. Demand

management can either be done manually or based on previous

planningresults(salesplanning,SOP,andforecast).

Demand Planning

(DP):ApplicationcomponentintheAdvancedPlannerandOptimizer

(APO)thatallowsyoutoforecastmarketdemandforyourcompany’s

products and produce a demand plan. APO Demand Planning

has a data mart in which you store and maintain the information

necessaryforthedemandplanningprocessinyourcompany. Using

this information along with user-defined planning layouts and

interactiveplanningbooks, youcanintegratepeoplefromdifferent

departments into the forecasting process. The APO DP library of

statisticalforecastingandadvancedmacrotechniquesallowsyouto

createforecastsbasedon demandhistory as wellasanynumberof

causalfactors,anduseaconsensus-basedapproachtoconsolidatethe

results. Marketingintelligenceandmanagementadjustmentscanbe

added by using forecast overrides and promotions. The seamless

integrationwithAPOSupplyNetworkPlanningsupportsanefficient

S&OP process.

Division

An organizational unit based on responsibility for sales or profits

from saleable materials or services.

Document Flow

Representation in the system of the sequence of documents for a

particularbusinesstransaction. Adocumentflowcould,forexample,

consistofaquotation,asalesorder,adelivery,andaninvoice.

ERP

EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP):AnEnterpriseResourcePlanning

systemisapackagedbusinesssoftwaresystemthatallowsacompany

to automate andintegrate the majority of itsbusinessprocesses, to

sharecommondataandpracticesacrosstheentireenterprise,andto

produceandaccessinformationinareal-timeenvironment.

External Procurement

Procurement of raw materials, operating supplies (MRO items),

tradinggoods/merchandiseorservicesfromanexternalsupplierfor

theorganizationalunitswithinafirmthatneedsuchitems.

Forecast

Estimationofthefuturevaluesinatimeseries. IntheSAPSystem,the

forecast canbe carried out using anumberofdifferentprocedures,

suchasfirst-orderandsecond-orderexponentialsmoothingorsimple

average models.

Forward Consumption

In forward consumption, the customer requirement consumes

the planned independent requirement that lies closest to it in the

future. Ifthequantitycannotbecompletelycoveredbytheplanned

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independentrequirement,thentheremainderisassignedtothenext

oneforward. Thiscontinuesuntiltheentirequantityisconsumed,or

theforward consumptionperiodisreached.

Forward/Backward Consumption

In forward/backward consumption, forward consumption logic

is used first. If the quantity cannot be consumed, then backward

consumption logic is used.

Goods Issue Date

The date on which the goods must physically leave the delivering

plant, in order to arrive at the customer.

Goods Receipt

Term from the field of inventory management denoting a physical

inward movement of goods or materials. The SAP System

differentiates between the following kindsof goods receipt: goods

receiptwithreferencetoapurchaseorder,goodsreceiptwithreference

toaproductionorder,andothergoodsreceipts(withoutreference).

Gross Requirement Planning

Special deterministic procedure within material requirements

planning. In gross requirementsplanning, no comparison is made

between the warehouse stock and the (gross) requirements. This

means that these requirements will always be covered by order

proposals.

GUI

GraphicalUserInterface(GUI):refersto the displayof software on

a screen using graphics, symbols and icons rather than text alone.

An example of a GUI is Microsoft’s "windows" format. Within

the EnjoySAP initiative SAP has developed a holistic approach to

designing user interfaces that are visual, interactive and personal.

ThisinitiativeincludesauserfriendlyGUI.Webbrowsershavenow

emergedasthestandardGUIthroughouttheInternet. Browsersare

a key enabler of mySAP.com, and SAP willmake all SAP business

functionalityavailable inbrowserapplications.

Header

The data in the document header is valid for the entire document.

Thisdataisprimarilycustomerrelateddata.

IDES

InternationalDemonstrationandEducationsSystem; IDEScontains

severalsamplecompaniesthattypifyrelevantbusinessprocesses. It

has simple user guidance and varied master and transaction data,

so extensive scenarios can be enacted. IDESis thebasissystem for

internal and external training.

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IMG

ToolforconfiguringtheSAPSystemtomeetcustomerrequirements.

The Implementation Guide (IMG) explains all the steps in the

implementation process, tells you the SAP standard (factory)

Customizing settings and describes the system configuration

activities. The hierarchical structure of the IMG is based on the

application component hierarchy and lists all the documentation

which is relevant for implementing the SAP System. The main

componentoftheImplementationGuideistheIMGactivitieswhich

go to Customizing, where the relevant system settings are made.

YoucanalsodocumentprojectsintheIMG.TheSAPReferenceIMG

containsallIMGactivities,sortedbyapplicationcomponentandinto

General settings and Enterprise structure.The Enterprise IMG is a

subsetoftheSAPReferenceIMGcontainingonlytheIMGactivities

required fortheapplication componentto be implemented. (Note:

The Enterprise IMG no longer exists after R/3 Release 4.6A.) The

Project IMG is a subset of the Enterprise IMG (until Release 4.5B)

or theSAP ReferenceIMG(fromRelease4.6A) containingtheIMG

activitiesrequiredfortheapplicationcomponenttobeimplemented

inaspecified Customizingproject. Projectviewscanbebasedona

ProjectIMGandspecifiedattributes,foruseinReleaseCustomizing

(DeltaCustomizingorUpgradeCustomizing).

Invoice Correction Request

A sales document used in complaints processing to correct the

quantityorpriceofoneormoreitemsinaninvoice. Youcancreatean

invoicecorrectionrequest if the wrongprices havebeen calculated

forthecustomer. Theinvoicecorrectionrequestcanbeautomatically

blockedbythesystemsothatitcanbechecked. Thesystemcalculates

thedifferencebetweentheamountthatwasoriginallycalculatedand

thecorrectedamountforeachitem. Iftherequestisjustified,youcan

removetheblock. Ifthedifferenceinamountsispositive,thesystem

createsacreditmemowithreferencetothecreditmemorequest. Ifit

isnegative, thesystem createsadebitmemo.

KANBAN

Procedure for controlling production and material flow based

on a chain of operations in production and procurement. The

replenishment ortheproductionofamaterialisnottriggered until

acertainproductionlevelactually requiresthematerial. Thesignal

for replenishment is issued by a card (KANBAN) that is sent by a

consumer to the supplier.

KANBAN Card

CardusedformessagetransmissioninaKANBANcontrolcycle. The

KANBANcardisusedtotransferconsumptioninformationandthe

deliveryofamaterialintheKANBANcontrolcycle.

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KANBAN Control Cycle

MasterdatausedtocontrolreplenishmentviaKANBANforacertain

material. Thecontrolcycle determines themethodsand quantities

required for replenishment from the supply source to the demand

source. Thefollowingaredeterminedinthecontrolcycle: thenumber

ofKANBANsandthequantityofeachKANBAN,thereplenishment

strategywithwhichthematerialistobeprocured,thesupplysource

from which the materialisto be delivered, the supply area, i.e. the

demandsourceatwhichthematerialisrequired.

Knowledge Management

Area in which an enterprise consciously and comprehensively

gathers,organizes, shares,andanalyzesitsknowledgetofurtherits

aims. Someaspectsofknowledgemanagementsuchasdatamining

and pushing information to users are relatively new. With its SAP

Business Information Warehouse and SAP Knowledge Warehouse

(former Info DB), SAP is delivering solutions for this increasingly

important business process.

Lead Time

Timespanbetweenthestartdateofthefirstactivityinanorderand

thefinishdateof thelastactivityinthatorder.

Lead Time Scheduling

Leadtimeschedulingcalculatestheexactproductiondatesandcreates

capacityrequirements. Leadtimeschedulingusingtheroutingand

Leadtimeschedulingisnormallycarriedoutusingtherouting. Inthis

case,itcalculatesthestartandfinishdatesandtimesoftheindividual

operations. Lead timeschedulingusing thematerialmasterwithin

MRP,leadtimeschedulingcanbecarriedoutusingthetimesspecified

in,thematerialmaster. Inthiscase,itcalculatestheproductionstart

andfinishdates,butdoesnotcalculateanycapacityrequirements.

Line Item

The part of a document containing information on a single item.

It always includes an amount, an account number, the assignment

to debits orcredits and further specifications which depend on the

business transactions to be posted.

LiveCache

Toolforprocessinglargevolumesofdatainmainmemory,enabling

datasharingamongseveralapplications. LiveCache: hasverylarge

mainmemory,behaveslikearelationandobjectdatabase,storesdata

inoptimizedstructures,allowsconcurrentdataaccess,andleverages

multi-processor and multi-computer technology (i.e. parallel and

distributed).

Loading Date

Dateonwhichpickingandpackingshouldbecompleted

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Logistics Information System (LIS)

TheLogisticsInformationSystem(LIS)ismadeupofthefollowing

information systems: Sales Information System, Purchasing

InformationSystem,InventoryControlling,ShopFloorInformation

System, Plant Maintenance Information System, and Quality

Management Information System. The information systems that

belong to LIS have a modular structure, yet have a variety of

techniquesincommonwhich allow youtoanalyze data. Thistype

ofstructurealsoallowstheindividualinformationsystemstoretain

their special features. The information systems in LIS can be used

to plan, control, and monitor business events at different stages in

the decision-making process. They are flexible tools forcollecting,

aggregatingandanalyzingdatafromtheoperativeapplications. The

levelofdetailinwhichinformationisdisplayedis freelydefinable.

Informative key figures enable you to continually control target

criteria and to react in time to exceptional situations. Data can be

analyzedusingeitherstandardanalysesorflexibleanalyses. Flexible

planning, the EarlyWarningSystem, andtheLogistics Information

Library are also integrated in the information systems. Tools are

available in Customizing which enable you to create aself-defined

informationsystemandtailorittospecificrequirements.

Long-Term Planning

Simulationofthefuturestockandrequirementssituation.

Lot-Sizing Procedure

Procedureinmaterialrequirementsplanningthatisusedtocalculate

the order and production quantities (lot sizes). The lot-sizing

proceduresaredividedintothreegroups: staticlot-sizingprocedures,

periodlot-sizingprocedures,andoptimumlot-sizingprocedures.

Make-to-Order Production

Typeofproductioninwhichaproductismanufacturedspeciallyfora

particularcustomer. Includesbothsales-order-relatedproductionand

engineer-to-order.

Make-toStock

The assembly of a product for which distributor/resellers use

manufacturer/supplier’s stock as components of the assembled

product. Assemblyisnottriggeredbyasalesorder,butratherbegins

inanticipationofordersfortheassembledproduct.

Master Data

Createdcentrallyandavailabletoallapplicationsandallauthorized

users. Masterdataalsohasanorganizationalaspectasitsinformation

isorganizedintoviewsthatareassignedtoorganizationalelements.

Data that remains the same over a long period of time, master

data contains information that is needed often and in the same

form. Examples: themasterdataofacostcentercontainsthename

of the cost center, the person responsible for the cost center, the

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correspondinghierarchyarea,andsoon. Themasterdataofavendor

contains the name, address, and bank information for the vendor.

The master data of a user in the SAP System contains the user’s

authorizationsinthesystem, thenameoftheirdefaultprinter,their

start transaction, and otherinformation.

Master Data Area

TheareawhereMasterDataontheSystemisheld.

Master Production Scheduling (MPS)

(MPS): In master production scheduling, those parts or products

which greatly influence company profits or which take up critical

resources are planned with special attention. Master schedule

items are marked with the MRP procedure for master production

scheduling.

Material Availability Check

Automatic check that is carried out to find out whether there are

enoughmaterialstocoveraproposedwithdrawalfromstock.

Material Availability date

Dateonwhichsufficientgoodsmustbeavailableforpickingtobegin.

Material Cost

Consistofdirectmaterialcostsandmaterialoverheadcosts. Theyare

part of production costs.

Material Master

Totalofallmaterialmasterrecords. Acompanymanagesthedataon

all its materials in the material master.

Material Master Record

Datarecordcontainingallthebasicinformationrequiredtomanagea

material. Thisdataissortedaccordingtovariouscriteria. Amaterial

master record contains data of a descriptive nature (such as size,

dimension and weight) and data with a control function (such as

material type and industry sector). In addition to this data, which

can be directly maintained by the user, it also contains data that is

automaticallyupdatedbythesystem(suchasstocklevels).

Material Staging

In general, material staging refers to the temporary storage of

materials between warehouse operations while awaiting further

processing. WhenreferringtotheWMsysteminterfacetoPP,material

stagingappliestothereplenishmentorsupplyofraworsemi-finished

materialstoaproductionsupplyareatobeusedinthemanufactureof

a finished or semi-finished product.

Material Tree

Overview tree in the MRP list and the stock/requirements list. It

consistsof a numberof materials. Youcanswitch the tree between

the: Worklist tree (all the materials that you have processed in the

respective transaction call, or all the materials that you selected in

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thecollectivedisplay),Ordertree(alltheassembliesorcomponents

foraselectedMRPelementasdefinedintheorderreport), Product

grouptree (allthe materials and sub-product groups for a product

group;onlywhenyouaccessthelistusingtheproductgroup). Inthe

materialtree,theusercandouble-clickamaterialtogodirectlytothe

correspondingMRPorstock/requirementslist.

Material Type

Groupstogethermaterialswiththesamebasicattributes,forexample,

raw materials, semi-finished products, orfinishedproducts. When

creatingamaterialmasterrecord,youmustassignthematerialtoa

material type. The material type you choose determines: whether

the material is intended for a specific purpose, for example, as a

configurable material or process material, whether the material

numbercanbeassigned internally orexternally, thenumber range

fromwhichthematerialnumberisdrawn,whichscreensappearand

inwhatsequence,whichuserdepartmentdatayoumayenter,what

procurementtypethematerialhas;thatis,whetheritismanufactured

in-house or procured externally, or both together with the plant,

thematerialtypedeterminesthematerial’sinventory management

requirement,thatis: whetherchangesinquantityareupdatedinthe

materialmasterrecord, whetherchangesinvalue are alsoupdated

inthe stockaccountsinfinancialaccounting.

Missing Parts

Quantitybywhicharequirementexceedstheavailablequantity.

MPS

Inmasterproductionscheduling(MPS),thosepartsorproductswhich

greatlyinfluencecompanyprofitsorwhichtakeupcriticalresources

areplannedwithspecialattention. Masterscheduleitemsaremarked

withtheMRPprocedureformasterproductionscheduling.

MRP

MaterialRequirementsPlanning(MRP):Generictermforprocedures

in materials planning that take into account and plan every

future requirement during the creation of procurement proposals

(independentrequirements,dependentrequirements,andsoon).

MaterialRequirementsPlanning(MRP):Generictermforprocedures

in requirements planning which take into account and plan

every future requirement during the creation of order proposals

(independentrequirements,dependentrequirements,andsoon).

MRP List

Document providing an overview of the results of the material

requirements planning (MRP) run.

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Multi-Level BOM

BOM reporting function which lists all assemblies and other

components in a product. Assemblies within the BOM are

immediatelyfollowedbytheitemstheycontain. Theseitemsareset

infromtheleftmarginand aregivenanascendinglevelnumberto

show where they occur in the structure.

mySAP

New SAP solution to integrate all relevant business processes on

theInternet. mySAP.comintegrates business processes in SAPand

non-SAP systems seamlessly, and provides a complete business

environment forelectroniccommerce. mySAP.com comprises four

areas: mySAP.comMarketplace,mySAP.comWorkplace,mySAP.com

BusinessScenarios, andApplication Hosting.

mySAP.com Marketplace

AnInternetcommunity runbySAPatwww.mySAP.com. Thissite

providesamediumwhereenterprisesofallsizesandfromallsectors

ofindustrycandobusiness. ThesiteisaccessedfromaWebbrowser.

mySAP.com Marketplace isalso availableasaseparate product for

customerswhowishtosetuptheirownmarketplace.

Net Requirements Calculation

Check carried out by the system to determine whether the

requirementsarecoveredbyavailablewarehousestockandplanned

receiptsfromthepurchasingdepartmentorfromproduction. Ifthe

forecastrequirementsarenotcovered,thenthesystemwillgenerate

a procurement proposal.

OEM

OriginalEquipmentManufacturer(OEM):Amanufacturerthatsells

equipment to a reseller for re-branding or repackaging. However,

the term has evolved to refer to the reseller itself. Thus, an OEM

eitheraddsvaluetotheproductbeforeresellingit,privatelabelsthe

merchandiseunderitsownnameorbundlesitwithitsownproducts.

OEMgenerallyreferstomosteverythingthatdoesnothavetodowith

directsalestotheenduservianormalwholesale/retaildistribution.

Operation Lead Time

Theleadtimeofanoperationismadeupofitsqueuetime,setuptime,

processingtime, teardowntimeandwaittime.

Order Date

Date on which the order was placed

Organizational Elements

Acompany’senterprisestructureismappedtotheSAPapplications

using organizational elements.

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Organizational Level

Hierarchicallevelatwhichcertain datainamaterialmasterrecord

is created. Examples of organizational levels are client, plant, and

storage location.

Output

Cntrolsforthetype,timingandrecipientofcommunication.

Packing

Procedure in which you pack goods in a particular manner before

thedelivery, correspondingto therequirementsof yourcustomers.

Example: Your customer requests that the materials be packed

accordingtosizeorcolor,inacertainquantityperpackingelement,

andincustomer defined packing elements.

Personnel planning and development (PD)

Personnel planning and development (PD): is about anticipating

future personnel events. Such planning must consider short-,

medium- and long-term goals, company policy, and the costs

involved. Itmustensurethatthecompanyhastherightnumberof

employeeswiththerequiredskillsintherightplaceattherighttime.

Picking

The process of issuing and grouping certain partial quantities

(materials) fromthewarehouseonthebasisof goodsrequirements

fromtheSalesortheProductiondepartment. Pickingcantakeplace

usingtransferordersorpickinglists. Wedistinguishbetweenpicking

fromfixedstoragebinsand random picking.

Planned Independent Requirements

Planned requirement quantity for a finished product over a given

period oftime. Itisnotbasedonsalesorders.

Planned Order

Request for a plant to trigger the procurement of a product for a

certain quantity for a specific date.

Planning Material

A planning material is required in the planning strategy planning

with planning material. Non-variable parts for similar finished

productscanbeplannedusingthisstrategy. Theplanningmaterialis

thenassignedtothematerialmasterrecordofthefinishedproducts

to be planned. Planned independent requirements are created for

theplanningmaterial. Incomingsalesordersconsumethe planned

independentrequirementsoftheplanningmaterial.

Planning Table

The planning table in repetitive manufacturing assists the planner

to planproductionquantities bylines. The planning tablemakes it

possibletocheckproductionquantitiesataglanceandtodetermine

theactualcapacityloadutilizationofproductionlinesandcheckthe

availability situation of materials.

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Planning Time Fence

Defined period where no automatic changes are carried out to the

master plan during material requirements planning. Within the

planningtimefencenonewplannedordersarecreatedautomatically

andalreadyexistingplannedordersare notchangedautomatically

by the system.

Plant

A Plant can manufacture product, distribute product, or provide a

service;thecentralorganizationalunitofProductionPlanning.

Plant Maintenance (PM)

Plant Maintenance (PM): Measures taken to maintain operational

systems in working order (for example machines, production

installations). Accordingto DIN31051, maintenancecomprisesthe

followingactivities;Inspection: Allmeasuresthatdeterminetheactual

conditionofanoperationalsystem,Maintenance: Allmeasuresthat

maintainthetargetconditionofanoperationalsystem, andRepair:

Allmeasuresthatrestorethetargetconditionofanoperationalsystem.

Pricing

Indicateshowapriceshouldbedeterminedforthesalesorderitem,

if at all.

Process Chain

GraphicalrepresentationofabusinessprocessintheR/3Reference

Model. The interdependence of R/3 System functions in time and

logicisdescribedinprocesschainswithreferencetoevents(anevent

in the R/3 System is a status that has business relevance). Process

chainshelptomaketheR/3Systemtransparent.

Process Manufacturing

Process manufacturing refers to the processing of gases, granular

materials, orliquids. Themanufacturingprocessesinvolved canbe

continuous or discontinuous.

Product Costing

Tool for planning costs and establishing prices. Product costing

calculatesthecostofgoodsmanufacturedandthecostofgoodssold

perproductunit. ProductsarecostedautomaticallyusingtheBOMs

and routings in Production Planning.

Product Group

Aproductgroupgroupstogetherproducts(materials). Thecriteriaby

whichthisgroupingtakesplacecanbedefinedindividuallybyeach

user. Forexample,theproductsmaybesimilartoeachotherinsome

way, or they may be finished products that were produced on the

samemachine. Aproductgroupcanbemulti-levelorsingle-level. A

productgroupismulti-levelifitsmembersareotherproductgroups.

However, the lowest product group in the hierarchy must contain

materials.

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Production Data

ProductiondataincludestheoperationalsandPRTsrequiredandany

confirmedquantitiesanddatesfromactualproduction.

Production Order

Productionorderusedfordiscretemanufacturing. Productionorders

can only be processed and confirmed in the R/3 system. Planned

ordersthatwerecreatedinAPOareconvertedtoproductionorders

in the R/3 system. The current production order data relevant for

planningistransferredfromtheR/3systemtoAPO.

Production Plan (PP)

Production plans are created in the planning table of Sales &

OperationsPlanning(SOP).Productiontargetscanbesetformaterials,

product groups, and/or characteristic values from an information

structure, and derived from sales targets or using self-defined or

standardmacros. Itispossibletosetproductionquotasatonelevel

anddisaggregatethemtothenextleveldown(forexample,product

→

group material),orviceversa;thatis,tosetproductionquotasatone

levelandaggregatethemtothenextlevelup(forexample,material

→

productgroup). Theplanninghorizonisdividedupintoanumber

of periods (either days, weeks, months, or posting periods); thus,

planningfiguresareviewedandstoredintheperiodstowhichthey

relate. The production quantities planned in Sales & Operations

PlanningcanbepassedontoDemandManagement.

Production Planning

(PP) – Capacity Planning functionality comes from the Production

Planningmoduleandisusedbybothplantmaintenanceandcustomer

service.

Production Resource/Tool (PRT)

ProductionResource/Tool(PRT):Moveableoperatingresourceused

in production or plant maintenance.

Project Systems (PS)

Purchasing Organization

Organizational unit within Logistics, subdividing an enterprise

according to the requirements of Purchasing. A purchasing

organizationprocuresmaterialsandservices,negotiatesconditionsof

purchasewithvendors,andbearsresponsibilityforsuchtransactions.

The form of procurement is specified through the assignment of

purchasing organizations to company codes and plants.Possible

formsareasfollows: Enterprise-wide: Onepurchasingorganization

procures for all the company codes of a certain client (that is,

for all the individual companies of a certain corporate group),

Company-specific: One purchasing organization procures for just

one company code, Plant-specific: One purchasing organization

procuresforoneplant.Mixedformsarepossible,whicharereplicated

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in the system with the aid of reference purchasing organizations.

A purchasing organizationmay access and use the more favorable

conditionsandcentrallyagreedcontractsofthereferencepurchasing

organization assigned to it.

Quality Management (QM)

QualityManagement(QM):Overalltermforquality-relatedactivities

and objectives. Activities for quality planning, quality inspection,

quality control and QM representation.

Real-Time

Refersto the immediateaccess to a given piece of data by multiple

usersthroughoutthedifferentdepartmentsordivisionsofacompany.

Repetitive Manufacturing

A component in the SAP System for the planning and control of

repetitive manufacturing and flow manufacturing. It enables the

period-dependentandquantity-dependentplanningof production

lines and reduces the work involved in production control and

simplifiesbackflushing(confirmation,goodsreceiptposting).

Replenishment Element

All elements in the system that trigger material replenishment for

production. Plannedorders,purchaseorders,runschedulequantities,

reservations,amongothers,canbereplenishmentelements.

Requested Delivery date

Dateonwhichthecustomerrequestedtoreceivegoods

Returns

Used whenmaterialsaretobereturnedbythecustomer. Areturns

delivery and credit memo will follow.

Routing

Description of the production process used to manufacture plant

materialsorprovideservicesintheproductionindustry.

Routingtypethatdefinesoneormoresequencesofoperationsforthe

production of a material. To reduce the effort of entering data in a

routing,youcanreferenceorcopyreferenceoperationsetsasmany

times as required and in any sequence.

Rush Order

Usedwhenstandarddeliverytimeswillbeignored. Thedeliveryis

createdautomatically whentheorderissaved.

Sales & Operations Planning (SOP)

Sales&OperationsPlanning(SOP):aflexibleforecastingandplanning

toolwithwhichsales,production,andothersupplychaintargetscan

be set on the basis of historical, existing, and/or estimated future

data. Resource planning can also be carried out to determine the

amountsoftheworkcentercapacitiesandotherresourcesrequired

tomeetthesetargets. SOPsupportsboththehigh-levelplanningof

complexplanninghierarchiesandthedetailedplanningoffinished

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products. Thus, either a top-down or a bottom-up approach to

planning is possible.The system can be configured either such

that target values set at one organizational level are distributed

(aggregated and disaggregated) automatically and consistently to

all the otherorganizational levels in the hierarchy (for example, to

all distribution channels, materials, and plants in aparticularsales

organization), or such that eachlevelis planned separately.Sales &

OperationsPlanningismadeupoftwoelements: standardSOPand

flexible planning. Standard SOP comeslargelypreconfigured with

thesystem. Flexibleplanningoffersmultipleoptionsforcustomized

configuration. PlanninginstandardSOPisbasedonproductgroup

hierarchiesandisalwayscarriedoutlevelbylevel. Flexibleplanning

is carried out on hierarchies containing any chosen organizational

levels(forexample,salesorganization,distributionchannel,material,

andplant). Moreover,inflexibleplanningthecontentandlayoutof

planningscreenscanbedefinedbytheusers. Thecomponentcanbe

run in a distributed environment with the aid of Application Link

Enabling (ALE).

Sales and Operations Planning

Sales quantities and the resulting production quantities for a

material/plant(SKU)orproductgroupinaspecificplanninghorizon.

Thedifferencebetweentheproductionquantityandthesalesquantity

inanymonthistheclosingstockforthatmonth.

Sales Information System

Dctateshowthesalesinformationsystemisupdatedwithsalesorder

information

Sales Organization

OrganizationalunitwithinLogisticswhichstructuresthecompany

accordingtoitssalerequirements. Asalesorganizationisresponsible

for selling materials and services.

SAP

Europe’sbiggestsoftwarecompanyfromWalldorf/Germany;market

leader in enterprise-software and important player in Internet

applications.

SAP Library

StandardfunctioninthemenuHelpfordisplayingR/3Systemonline

documentation.

SAPNet

SAPNetistheintranetportalofSAPthatprovidesarole-basedand

personalinterface, andusesaWebbrowserasGUI.SAPNetisalso

availabletoSAPpartnersandcustomerswhohavearole-basedview

onSAPNet. EmployeescanpersonalizeSAPNettotheirindividual

needsandcanuseSAPNetaspersonalinboxandcentralaccesspoint

to Employee Self Serviceandprocurement.

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