AC201_EN_Col92_FV_Part_A4 - dunning (第9页)

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AC201 Lesson: BusinessTransactionsandTheirImpactonAccountDetermination

Display the invoice document created by the invoice posting. Analyze

the purchase order history and make sure that this has been updated

correctly. Alsodisplaytheaccountingdocumentthatarosefromtheinvoice

verification.

a) Display the Invoice Document

Youhavedifferentoptionsfordisplayingthedocument.

YoucandisplaytheinvoicedirectlyfromthetransactionAddIncoming

Invoice(MIRO)bychoosingInvoiceDocument→Displayfromthe

menu.

Youcanalsoclickthe iconandthenentertheinvoicenumberon

the screen that appears (the number of your last invoice is always

proposed).

When you exit the MIRO transaction, choose thefollowing path to

display an invoice document: → Logistics Invoice Verification →

FurtherProcessing→DisplayInvoiceDocument(MIR4)

Inthepurchaseorderstructure-openitusingPurchaseOrderStructure

On-youcanseethepurchaseorderhistoryoryoucanbranchstraight

to the purchase order.

b) Display accounting document

Choosetheaccounting document using the Follow-On Documents

buttonintheAccountingdocumentsthatarenowdisplayed.

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Describewhatavaluestringisandhowitisdeterminedforgoodsmovements

• Explaintheimportanceof theaccountgrouping

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AC201 Lesson: Sales Order Management

Lesson: Sales Order Management

Lesson Overview

ThislessongivesyouanoverviewaboutthebasicsalesprocessintheSAPERP

System.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, youwillbeable to:

• DescribehowabasicsalesprocessishandledinSAPERP

Business Example

Thecustomerwantstomakesurethathisknowledgeabouttheintegrationbetween

SalesOrderManagementandFinancialsissufficientforhimtoholddiscussions

with experts from SalesOrder Management.

Figure 143: Sales Organizations, Distribution Channels

Asalesorganizationistheorganizationalunitthatsellsanddistributesproducts,

negotiates terms of contract, and is responsible for these transactions. Every

salesorganizationrepresentsasellingunitinthelegalsense,beingresponsible,

forexample,forproductliabilityandotherrecourseclaimsmadebycustomers.

Eachbusinesstransactioninsalesordermanagementisprocessedwithinasales

organization.

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

A sales organizationmust beassigned to exactly onecompanycode. Several

salesorganizationscanbeassignedtothesamecompanycode.

Goodsaresoldbysalesorganizationsusingdifferentdistributionchannels(for

example, retail, wholesale, direct merchandizing). A distribution channel can

be used by several sales organizations.

Figure 144: Distribution Chains - Plants

Asalesorganizationandadistributionchannelformadistributionchain. A

distributionchaincanbeassignedtooneormoreplants. Thesalesorganization

sells goods from these plantsusing thedistribution channel of the distribution

chain.

Thematerialmasterrecordcontainssalesdatathatisdefinedperdistribution

chain.

Salestransactionsarepostedautomaticallyinthecompanycodeassignedtothe

sales organization.

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AC201 Lesson: Sales Order Management

Figure 145: Sales Areas

Divisionscanbeassigned tosales organizations.

A sales organization, a distribution channel, and a division can make up a

sales area. Thedivision specifieswhich productscan be sold by theassigned

distribution chain.

For each salesarea, youcan makecustomer-specificagreements, forexample,

aboutpartialdeliveriesorpriceandpaymentconditions. Inasalesareayoucan

createstatisticsandcarryoutseparatemarketingactivities.

Figure 146: Complete Customer Account

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Anysalesareathatwantstodobusinesswithcustomershastocreateasalesarea

segment first. Thesalesareasegment containssales area-specificdata. Under

normalcircumstances,thesalesareasegmentistheonethingthatmustbecreated

forthesalesareaassignedtothecompanycode. Theremaybeothersalesareas

doing business with the customer as well.

Theaccountnumberisassignedtothecustomerattheclientlevel. Thisensures

that the account number for acustomer isthesamefor all companycodesand

sales areas.

Acompletecustomeraccountconsistsofthefollowingthreesegments:

• General data at client level

• Company code segment

• Sales area segment

Figure 147: Overview of Sales Processes

Aneffectiveprocessingofsalesordersinvolvesallsalesactivitiesinachainof

narrowlyintegratedprocesses. TheSAPERPapplicationcomponentSalesand

Distribution makes this sales order processing possible. The individual steps

withinasalesprocessarethusmappedbyinterlinked,electronicdocuments.

TheSAPERPsalesprocessbeginswithestablishingandmaintainingcustomer

relationships andends with billing for goods delivered or servicesprovided to

customers. ThepostingofcustomerincomingpaymentsispartoftheSAPERP

application component Financial Accounting.

Thesalesorderprocessingbeginswithpresalesactivities.

Example: Inreactiontoacustomerquery,youcreateandsendaquotation.

Aspartoftheorderprocessing,youcreateasalesdocument.

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AC201 Lesson: Sales Order Management

Duringprocurement, thesystemusesthedatadefinedtodeterminethesupplier

of the goods.

Aspartoftheshippingprocessing,youorganizeandexecutethedeliveryofthe

goods.

Inthe"Invoicing"processstep, youcreatetheinvoiceandtransferallrequired

data to Accounting.

As part of the payment processing, you check open items and post incoming

payments.

Figure 148: Sales Process

Thebasisof thesalesprocessisthesalesorder. Whenyou receive aninquiry

from a customer, you have to create a sales order to start the process. The

customer order is generated at distribution chain level. The itemsordered can

cover several divisions.

Thesalesorderisasalesordermanagementdocumentanddoesnotleadtoposting

in Financial Accounting.

Oncethecustomerorderhasbeenentered,thesystemcarriesoutanavailability

check for the required delivery date.

Onthedayofshipping,adeliverydocumentiscreated. Thedeliverycanonly

be billed once the goods have been picked from the warehouse inventory and

posted as a goods issue.

Forthepickingprocess,youcanusethewarehousemanagementfunctions. You

have to create a transport request that then generates the picking request. The

requestedgoodsaretakenfromthewarehouseandpreparedforthedelivery.

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

AgoodsissuedocumentiscreatedinPurchasingManagementandanaccounting

document is created in Financial to post the goods issue to the correct G/L

accounts.

ThelaststepinSalesandDistributionisbilling. Abillingdocumentiscreated

in sales order management and a printed invoice is sent to the customer.

Simultaneously, a financials document is created to post the receivables and

revenues to the correct accounts.

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AC201 Lesson: Sales Order Management

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• DescribehowabasicsalesprocessishandledinSAPERP

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Lesson: Areas and Process Flow in Revenue Account

Determination

Lesson Overview

Thislessondescribesrevenueaccountdetermination.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Explain revenue account determination

• Describetheprocessflowofaccountdetermination

Business Example

Whenabillingdocumentisgenerated,youwanttherevenues,salesdeductions,

andtaxestobepostedtothecorrespondingaccountsautomaticallyinFinancial

Accounting.

Figure149: AccountAssignmentCriteriainBillingDocuments

WedividebetweenrevenueaccountsinFinancialAccountingtoenablecertain

analysesandreconciliationwithprofitabilityanalysis.

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AC201 Lesson: AreasandProcessFlowinRevenueAccountDetermination

Forthisreason,youcandefineaccountassignmentdependentonvariouscriteria,

todeterminetheappropriateaccounts. Thefollowingcriteriaaredefinedinthe

standard system:

• Chart of accounts

• Sales organization

• Payer's account group

(thisletsyoudifferentiatebetweendomesticandinternationalcustomers,

for example)

• Material account assignment group

(thisletsyoudividematerialsintoservicesandtradinggoods,forexample)

• Account key

(accountkeysareassignedtoconditiontypesinthecalculationprocedures,

whichmeansfreight conditionscanbepostedtoaspecialfreightrevenue

account, for example).

For the reasons described above, the settings in account determination require

reconciliationwithFinancialAccountingandcostaccounting.

Figure 150: Revenue Account Determination

Theconditiontechniqueisusedtodeterminetheaccounts.

AnaccountdeterminationprocedureforG/Laccountsisassigneddependenton

the billing document type.

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Thisprocedurecontainsoneormoreconditiontypestowhichanaccesssequence

is assigned.

Thisaccesssequenceconsistsofindividualaccessesdefinedasconditiontables.

The condition tables contain the fields and combination of fields upon which

revenue account determination is to depend.

The key fields are filled with document data to find an assigned G/L account

under this combination.

WhenanaccessdeterminesaG/Laccount,itissavedintheaccountingdocument

and the search is canceled.

Hint: The account for posting VAT is not determined using account

determinationinSales. Instead,thecorrespondingassignmentisdefined

in Customizing for Financial Accounting.

(Path: Financial Accounting (New) → Financial Accounting Global

Settings (New) → Tax on Sales/Purchases → Posting → Define Tax

Accounts).

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AC201 Lesson: AreasandProcessFlowinRevenueAccountDetermination

Exercise 23: Areas and Process Flow in

Revenue Account Determination

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Explainthecriteriaforrevenueaccountdetermination

• Describetheprocessflowinrevenueaccountdetermination

Business Example

YourFinancialAccountingdepartmenthasaskedyoutoimproverevenueaccount

determination. Someofyourcompany'scustomersareaffiliatedcompanies. In

future,youwantthesalesrevenuefromthesecustomerstobepostedtoaspecial

accountforrevenuesfromaffiliatedcompanies. Todifferentiatethecustomersin

thisway,youusenewaccountassignmentgroupsforcustomers.

Task 1:

Your customer, Customer##, is an affiliated company. The revenue you make

fromthiscustomeristobepostedtoaccount802000infuture.

1. Definegroup50+##(exampleforgroup13: 50+13=enter63)asthenew

CustomersaccountassignmentgroupinCustomizing.

2. Changetheaccount assignment groupof customer Customer## to50+##

inthecustomermasterrecordtomodelthedesireddifferentiationofyour

customers.

Task 2:

Infuture, youwantrevenuefromassociatedcompaniestobepostedtoaccount

802000.

1. FirstcheckwhichaccountkeyisassignedtoconditiontypePR00incosting

sheet RVAA01. Write it down.

________________________________________________________________

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

2. If you havea situationwith salesorganization 1000, account assignment

groupCustomer50+##,accountassignmentgroupMaterialBlank,andthe

aboveaccountkey,youwanttoposttoaccount802000. Inwhichcondition

table do you have to maintain the entry?

Hint: Until now, G/L account determination was carried out

using the key fields that were determined previously in the

accountassignmentanalysis(salesorganization,customeraccount

assignment group, and account key).

________________________________________________________________

3. Carry out this step in Customizing. (Note: application V, condition type

KOFI, and chart of accounts INT.)

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AC201 Lesson: AreasandProcessFlowinRevenueAccountDetermination

Solution 23: Areas and Process Flow in

Revenue Account Determination

Task 1:

Your customer, Customer##, is an affiliated company. The revenue you make

fromthiscustomeristobepostedtoaccount802000infuture.

1. Definegroup50+##(exampleforgroup13: 50+13=enter63)asthenew

CustomersaccountassignmentgroupinCustomizing.

a) IMG:

Sales and Distribution → Basic Functions → Account

Assignment/Costing → Revenue Account Determination → Check

MasterDataRelevantforAccountAssignment→Customers: Account

Assignment Groups.

Create a new entry for account assignment group 50+##, name

Revenues Group ##

Example for group 13

Entry: AcAssgGroup Cust.: 63 (50+13), Name: Revenues Group

13. Save.

2. Changetheaccount assignment groupof customer Customer## to50+##

inthecustomermasterrecordtomodelthedesireddifferentiationofyour

customers.

a) On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose: Logistics → Sales and

Distribution → Master Data → Business Partner → Customer →

Change → Sales and Distribution

CustomerCustomer##(salesarea: 1000/10/00)–confirmyourentries.

Salesareadata–choosetheBillingDocument: tab.

EnteryournewaccountassignmentgroupintheAccountAssignment

Group field and Save.

Task 2:

Infuture, youwantrevenuefromassociatedcompaniestobepostedtoaccount

802000.

1. FirstcheckwhichaccountkeyisassignedtoconditiontypePR00incosting

sheet RVAA01. Write it down.

Continued on next page

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

________________________________________________________________

a) IMG:

Sales and Distribution → Basic Functions → Account

Assignment/Costing→RevenueAccountDetermination→Defineand

AssignAccountKeys→AssignAccount Keys.

Choosethestandardcostingprocedure,RVAA01,withPosition

=>ConditiontypePR00isassignedaccountkeyERL.

2. If you havea situationwith salesorganization 1000, account assignment

groupCustomer50+##,accountassignmentgroupMaterialBlank,andthe

aboveaccountkey,youwanttoposttoaccount802000. Inwhichcondition

table do you have to maintain the entry?

Hint: Until now, G/L account determination was carried out

using the key fields that were determined previously in the

accountassignmentanalysis(salesorganization,customeraccount

assignment group, and account key).

________________________________________________________________

a) IMG:

Sales and Distribution → Basic Functions → Account

Assignment/Costing → Revenue Account Determination → Define

Access Sequences and Account Determination Types → Maintain

AccessSequencesforAccountDetermination.

DisplaytheaccessesforaccesssequenceKOFIandtheselectedkey

fields.

Youhavetomaintainthisentryforconditiontable002,whichconsists

of the key fields sales organization, customer account assignment

group, and account key.

Continued on next page

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AC201 Lesson: AreasandProcessFlowinRevenueAccountDetermination

3. Carry out this step in Customizing. (Note: application V, condition type

KOFI, and chart of accounts INT.)

a) IMG:

Sales and Distribution → Basic Functions → Account

Assignment/Costing → Revenue Account Determination→ Assign

G/L Accounts

Choose table2 and createa new entry:

Application: V

Condition Type: KOFI

Chart of Accounts: INT

Sales Organization: 1000

CustomerAccountGroup: 50+##

Account Key: ERL

G/L Account: 802000

Save

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

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AC201 Lesson: AreasandProcessFlowinRevenueAccountDetermination

Exercise 24: The Sales Process

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Demonstrate your knowledgeof thestandardsales process insales order

managementanditsintegrationwithFinancialAccounting

Business Example

Thecustomerwantstoensurethatyourknowledgeabouttheintegrationbetween

salesordermanagementandFinancialAccountingissufficientforyoutotalkto

thesalesordermanagementteamabouttheconfiguration. Youhavebeenaskedto

check revenue account determination.

Task 1:

Standard order

ThesalesorganizationinFrankfurt(1000),whichisassignedtocompanycode

1000, receivesan order from the company Baker with the customer number

CUSTOMER##(##=yourgroupnumber!). Thecompanyorderstwopumps

ofcaststeelIDESNORM170-230. ThematerialhasmaterialnumberP-109.

Thepurchaseordernumberis12##,theorderdateistoday.

1. Create a sales order

Createthesalesorderasastandardorder. Thedistributionchannelused

istheendcustomersale. Selectcross-divisionsale asthedivision. The

customerwantsdeliveryoneweekafterpurchaseorderdate.

Makeanoteof thenumber of thestandardorder:

______________________________________________________

Continued on next page

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Task 2:

Outbound Delivery

Ontherequireddeliverydateofthecustomer,shippingpoint1000(shipping

point Hamburg)createsthedelivery, thegoodsaretaken from thewarehouse

(picking),andthegoodsissueisposted. Carryoutthisprocess.

Hint: Thefollowingdocumentsarenormallycreatedandprocessedin

productive operations using collective transactions. For clarification,

executetheindividualprocessingstepshere.

1. Create a Delivery

Create the outbound delivery.

Write down the delivery number:

_____________________________________________

2. Carry Out Picking

Pick the delivery by creating a transport request for warehouse

management.

ThegoodsareintheHamburgwarehouse(warehouse010). Theprocess

flow should be controlled by the system.

Makeanoteofthenumber of thetransport request:

_____________________________________________

3. Post the Goods Issue

Gobacktothedeliveryandpostthegoodsissue. ChooseEnvironment→

DocumentFlowtogotothedocumentflowandfindoutthenumberofthe

goods delivery document.

Writedownthenumberofthegoodsdeliverydocument:

_____________________________________________

Display the goods delivery document. From there, go to the related

accountingdocumentandwritedownthepostingrecord:

_____________________________________________

Continued on next page

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AC201 Lesson: AreasandProcessFlowinRevenueAccountDetermination

Task 3:

Billing

Nowyouhavetobillthecustomerforthedelivery. Billthedelivery.

1. Writedownthenumber of thebillingdocument:

______________________________________________________

Displaythebillingdocumentandfromthere, gototherelatedaccounting

document. What is the posting record?

______________________________________________________

Task 4:

Transferthebillingdatato AccountsReceivable

1. Checkwhetheryoucandisplaythebillingdocumentfromthecustomer

items.

Display thelineitemsfor customerCustomer##

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Solution 24: The Sales Process

Task 1:

Standard order

ThesalesorganizationinFrankfurt(1000),whichisassignedtocompanycode

1000, receivesan order fromthe company Bakerwith the customer number

CUSTOMER##(##=yourgroupnumber!). Thecompanyorderstwopumps

ofcaststeelIDESNORM170-230. ThematerialhasmaterialnumberP-109.

Thepurchaseordernumberis12##,theorderdateistoday.

1. Create a sales order

Createthesalesorderasastandardorder. Thedistributionchannelused

istheendcustomersale. Selectcross-division saleasthedivision. The

customerwantsdeliveryoneweekafterpurchaseorderdate.

Makeanoteof thenumber of thestandardorder:

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AC201 Lesson: AreasandProcessFlowinRevenueAccountDetermination

______________________________________________________

a) Create a sales order

On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Logistics → Sales and

Distribution →Sales →Order→Create.

FieldNameorDataType Values

Order Type OR(standardorder)

SalesOrganization 1000

DistributionChannel 10

Division 00

Enter

FieldNameorDataType Values

Sold-To Party Customer##

PO Number 12##

PO date Today's date

Req. deliv. date Currentdate+7days

Material P-109

Order Quantity 2

Save

ConfirmthemessageaboutthebillingdocumentdatewithEnter.

Writedownthenumberofthestandardorder.

ClicktheyellowarrowtoreturntotheSAPEasyAccessscreen.

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FieldNameorDataType	Values
Order Type	OR(standardorder)
SalesOrganization	1000
DistributionChannel	10
Division	00

FieldNameorDataType	Values
Sold-To Party	Customer##
PO Number	12##
PO date	Today's date
Req. deliv. date	Currentdate+7days
Material	P-109
Order Quantity	2

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Task 2:

Outbound Delivery

Ontherequireddeliverydateofthecustomer,shippingpoint1000(shipping

point Hamburg)createsthedelivery, thegoodsaretaken from thewarehouse

(picking),andthegoodsissueisposted. Carryoutthisprocess.

Hint: Thefollowingdocumentsarenormallycreatedandprocessedin

productive operations using collective transactions. For clarification,

executetheindividualprocessingstepshere.

1. Create a Delivery

Create the outbound delivery.

Write down the delivery number:

_____________________________________________

a) Create a Delivery

On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Logistics → Sales and

Distribution→ShippingandTransportation→OutboundDelivery→

Create→SingleDocument→WithReferencetoSalesOrder.

FieldNameorDataType Values

Shipping point 1000 (Hamburg)

Selection date Required delivery date (one week

from today)

Enter

The delivery is displayed.

Save

Write down the delivery number.

Before you can post the goods issue, the goods have to be picked.

This takes place in the next step.

ClicktheyellowarrowtoreturntotheSAPEasyAccessscreen.

2. Carry Out Picking

Pick the delivery by creating a transport request for warehouse

management.

ThegoodsareintheHamburgwarehouse(warehouse010). Theprocess

flow should be controlled by the system.

Continued on next page

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FieldNameorDataType	Values
Shipping point	1000 (Hamburg)
Selection date	Required delivery date (one week from today)

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AC201 Lesson: AreasandProcessFlowinRevenueAccountDetermination

Makeanoteofthenumberofthetransportrequest:

_____________________________________________

a) Carry Out Picking

On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose: Logistics → Sales and

Distribution → Shipping and Transportation→ Picking → Create

Transfer Order → Single Document.

FieldNameorDataType Values

WarehouseNumber 010

Delivery Deliverynumberthatyouwrote

down (should be proposed

automatically)

Control System-Guided

Enter

The transport request is displayed.

Save.

Writedownthenumberof thetransportrequest.

ClicktheyellowarrowtoreturntotheSAPEasyAccessscreen.

3. Post the Goods Issue

Gobacktothedeliveryandpostthegoodsissue. ChooseEnvironment→

DocumentFlowtogotothedocumentflowandfindoutthenumberofthe

goods delivery document.

Writedownthenumberofthegoodsdeliverydocument:

_____________________________________________

Display the goods delivery document. From there, go to the related

accountingdocumentandwritedownthepostingrecord:

_____________________________________________

a) Post the Goods Issue

On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose: Logistics → Sales and

Distribution→ShippingandTransportation→PostGoodsIssue→

Outbound Delivery Single Document.

Continued on next page

353

FieldNameorDataType	Values
WarehouseNumber	010
Delivery	Deliverynumberthatyouwrote down (should be proposed automatically)
Control	System-Guided

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

FieldNameorDataType Values

Outbound Delivery Delivery number that you noted

(shouldbeproposedautomatically)

Caution: Choose Post GoodsIssue

The system issues a message telling you that the delivery has been

saved.

Hint: Thisisthechangeddeliveryforwhichthegoodsissueis

now ready.

OntheChangeDeliveryscreen,followthemenupath:

Environment → Document Flow

Thedocumentflowisdisplayed. Writedownthenumberofthegoods

delivery document.

Select the goods delivery document.

Choose Display Document

Note: Ifyoucanselectayear: Currentyear

The material document is displayed.

Choose Accounting Documents

Click Accounting Document

The posting record is:

Cost of goods manufactured: Sales

Finished Products

Hint: Thegoodsissueamount wastaken from thematerial

masterrecordandcalculatedbytheproductcostcalculation

there. Theamountdisplayedmay bedifferent under certain

circumstances.

Go back to the SAP Easy Access screen.

Continued on next page

354

FieldNameorDataType	Values
Outbound Delivery	Delivery number that you noted (shouldbeproposedautomatically)

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AC201 Lesson: AreasandProcessFlowinRevenueAccountDetermination

Task 3:

Billing

Nowyouhavetobillthecustomerforthedelivery. Billthedelivery.

1. Writedownthenumber of thebillingdocument:

______________________________________________________

Displaythebillingdocumentandfromthere, gototherelatedaccounting

document. What is the posting record?

______________________________________________________

Continued on next page

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

______________________________________________________

a) Billing

On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose: Logistics → Sales and

Distribution→Billing→BillingDocument→Create.

FieldNameorDataType Values

Document Deliverynumberthatyouwrote

down (should be proposed

automatically)

Save

Writedownthenumberofthebillingdocument.

On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose: Logistics → Sales and

Distribution→Billing→BillingDocument→Display.

FieldNameorDataType Values

Billing Document Billing document number that

you wrote down (should be

proposedautomatically)

Enter

The billing document is displayed.

Click Accounting.

Click Accounting Document

Theaccountingdocumentisnowdisplayed. Thepostingrecordis:

Customer##

Sales revenue

Output tax

Task 4:

Transferthebillingdatato AccountsReceivable

1. Checkwhetheryoucandisplaythebillingdocumentfromthecustomer

items.

Continued on next page

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FieldNameorDataType	Values
Document	Deliverynumberthatyouwrote down (should be proposed automatically)

FieldNameorDataType	Values
Billing Document	Billing document number that you wrote down (should be proposedautomatically)

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AC201 Lesson: AreasandProcessFlowinRevenueAccountDetermination

Display thelineitemsfor customer Customer##

a) TransferthebillingdatatoAccountsReceivable

Checkwhetheryoucandisplaythebillingdocumentfromthecustomer

items.

On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose: Accounting →Financial

Accounting→AccountsReceivable→Account→Display/Change

Line Items

FieldNameorDataType Values

Customer Account Customer##

Open at key date Oneweekfromtoday

Execute

Double-clickthedocumentwithdocumenttypeRV.Followthemenu

path:

Environment→DocumentEnvironment→OriginalDocument

The billing document is displayed.

Todoso,followthepath: Environment→DocumentFlow

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FieldNameorDataType	Values
Customer Account	Customer##
Open at key date	Oneweekfromtoday

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Explain revenue account determination

• Describetheprocessflowofaccountdetermination

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AC201 Lesson: AccountDeterminationforBusinessAreasandSegments

Lesson: Account Determination for Business Areas and

Segments

Lesson Overview

Thislessonshowsyoutheoptionsforsegmentreportinginconnectionwiththe

sales process.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, youwillbeable to:

• Describehowbusinessareasareusedanddetermined

• Explain how segmentsareused and derived

Business Example

Yourcompanywantstointroducesegmentreporting. Youexaminethealternative

procedures in the steps below.

Figure 151: Business Areas

The company code is an independent accounting unit. The legally required

balancesheetandprofitandlossstatementarecreatedatthislevel.

Businessareasmakeitpossibleto enableexternalreporting(beyond company

codes) with regard to the company's main fields of activity within financial

accounting (based on divisions, for example).

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Companyareafinancialstatementsandprofitandloststatementscanonlybeused

for internal reporting.

TheG/Laccountscanbepostedtoforeachbusinessarea.

BusinessareasdonothavefixedassignmentsinCustomizing;theyaredetermined

for each order item based on defined rules.

Figure 152: Determining the Business Area

Youcandefinetherulesfordeterminingthebusinessareaforeachsalesarea.

Threerules are available(andonlythesethree):

• Businessareaassignmentbyplantanditemdivision

• Business area assignment by sales area

• Businessareaassignmentbysalesorganization, distribution channel, and

item division

Asaresult, differentbusinessareascanbedeterminedfordifferent itemsinan

order. Inthiscase,multiplecustomerpostinglinesaresetupautomaticallyforthe

corresponding business areas.

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AC201 Lesson: AccountDeterminationforBusinessAreasandSegments

Figure 153: Using the Segment Entity

Segments can be used to meet the requirements of international accounting

principles(→IAS/IFRS/USGAAP)regardingsegmentreporting.

• ExtractfromIAS14: ... reportingisrequiredforabusinessorgeographical

segment when the majority of its revenues stems from sales to external

customersandsegmentrevenuesaccountforatleast10%oftotalinternal

andexternalrevenuesofallsegments,segmentincomeaccountsforatleast

10%ofallsegmentincome, orsegmentassetsaccountforatleast10%of

theassetsofallsegments. Asegmentcanbereportedseparatelyevenifit

doesnotmeetthesesizerequirements. Ifthesegmentssubjecttoreporting

requirementsaccount for lessthan 75% of total consolidatedrevenuesor

enterprise revenues, then other segments must be reported on separately,

irrespectiveofthe10%limit,untilatleastthis75%isreached.

TheBusinessareaorProfitcenterobjectscanbeusedasalternatives.

Thesegmentisprovidedinadditionbecausethebusinessareaand/orprofitcenter

were frequently used for other purposes in the past and thereby to meet other

requirements.

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Figure 154: Derivation of a Segment

AnERPsystemenablesyoutosaveasegmentinthemasterdataofaprofitcenter.

Thesegmentispostedtoautomaticallywhentheprofitcenterispostedto.

• There is no “dummy segment posting”, as in the profit center logic - if

the profit center does not have a segment, there is no segment account

assignment either.

The default setting involves deriving the segment from the profit center, but

customerscandeveloptheirownderivationsolutionsthroughauserexit(BAdI).

• ThedefinitionnameoftheBAdIis: FAGL_DERIVE_SEGMENT.

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AC201 Lesson: AccountDeterminationforBusinessAreasandSegments

Figure 155: Derivation of a Segment (2)

ThesegmentisderivedfromthecharacteristicProfitCenterbecausethisalready

exists in various SAP objects, and the characteristic Segment is derived from

it automatically.

• Formoreinformation,seeSAPNote1035140: Theuseofsegmentsisonly

officiallyapprovedbySAPifprofitcentersarealsoused. Segmentscanonly

bederivedautomaticallyusingprofitcenters. Inmanybusinesstransactions,

particularlyinlogistics, youcannotenter thesegment manually. Someof

thestandardinterfacesdonotsupportthesegment,either. Forthesereasons,

usingsegmentsisofficiallyapprovedonlyifyouarealsousingprofitcenters.

Ifitisnotpossibletoderivethecharacteristicsegmentfromaprofitcentermaster

record,youmustfindotherwaystoassignasegment. Thefollowingoptionsare

generallyavailablewithindocumentsplitting: manualentry,BAdIimplementation

(→BAdI:FAGL_DERIVE_SEGMENT),thedefinitionofsubstitutionrules,anda

standard account assignment.

• In addition to BAdI FAGL_DERIVE_SEGMENT, BAdI

FAGL_DERIVE_PSEGMENT is also available for deriving the partner

segment.

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Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Describehowbusinessareasareusedanddetermined

• Explain how segmentsareusedandderived

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AC201 Unit Summary

Unit Summary

You should now be able to:

• DescribethecentralSAPERPobjectsinLogistics

• DescribehowabasicprocurementprocessishandledintheSAPapplication

• List the different account determination keys for automatic account

determination

• Explainsimpleaccountingprocessesthatstemfrominventorymanagement

and invoice verification

• Determinethechartofaccountsthatisusedinyourcompanycode

• Name the conditions under which plant-dependent assignment of G/L

accounts is possible

• Explaintheimportanceofvaluationgroupingcodes

• Include newplantsin account determination

• Describe the relationship between the material master and the account

determination process

• Describewhatavaluestringisandhowitisdeterminedforgoodsmovements

• Explain theimportanceof theaccount grouping

• DescribehowabasicsalesprocessishandledinSAPERP

• Explain revenue account determination

• Describetheprocessflowof accountdetermination

• Describehowbusinessareasareusedanddetermined

• Explain how segmentsareused and derived

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UnitSummary AC201

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AC201 Test Your Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

1. Name the various dependencies that can influence the accounts for an

accounting document for goodsmovements.

2. Eachcompanycodecanuseaseparatechartofaccounts.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

3. Eachplantofcompanycode1000canbeassignedvaluationgroupingcode

0001.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

4. Avaluationclasscanbeassignedtomultipleaccountcategoryreferences.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

5. Anycompanycanmodifyandextendvaluestringsinlinewiththeirspecific

needs.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

6. Who (or which area)definesthebusinessareas?

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TestYourKnowledge AC201

7. Do you have to define business areas?

8. Howmanyrulesaretherefordeterminingthebusinessareas?

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AC201 Test Your Knowledge

Answers

1. Name the various dependencies that can influence the accounts for an

accounting document for goodsmovements.

Answer: Thefollowingfactorscaninfluenceaccountdetermination:

• Thechartofaccountsofthecompanycodeinwhichatransactionis

posted

• Thematerialforwhichatransactionisposted

• Thebusinesstransactionitselfthatisbeingposted

• Theplantinwhichatransactionisposted(possibly)

2. Eachcompanycodecanuseaseparatechartofaccounts.

Answer: True

Each company code (key) is assigned exactly one chart of accounts

(argument).

3. Eachplantofcompanycode1000canbeassignedvaluationgroupingcode

0001.

Answer: True

If you assign the same valuation grouping code, 0001, then all plants in

companycodeusethesameG/Laccounts(forthesamebusinessprocesses).

4. Avaluationclasscanbeassignedtomultipleaccountcategoryreferences.

Answer: False

Avaluationclasscanbeassignedtooneaccountcategoryreference,butnot

multiple references.

5. Anycompanycanmodifyandextendvaluestringsinlinewiththeirspecific

needs.

Answer: False

ValuestringscannotbechangedinSAPsystemCustomizing.

6. Who (or which area)definesthebusinessareas?

Answer: BusinessareasaredefinedinFinancialAccounting.

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TestYourKnowledge AC201

7. Do you have to define business areas?

Answer: No,businessareasareoptional. Theyarenotlegallyrequired.

8. Howmanyrulesaretherefordeterminingthebusinessareas?

Answer: There are three rules.

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Unit 6

Country Specifics

Unit Overview

Thisunitisonlyincludedinthestandardcourseincertaincountries(America).

Unit Objectives

After completing thisunit, you will beableto:

• Explainthedocumentsinvolvedincheckprocessing

• Create a check manually

• Display check information

• Void checks

• Use void check reason codes

• Explain theflowof datainthelockboxprocess

• Explain the components of the process

• Review the configurationof lockboxprogram

Unit Contents

Lesson: Check Management..................................................372

Exercise 25: Check Management........................................379

Lesson: Lockbox................................................................392

Exercise 26: Lockbox......................................................403

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Unit6: CountrySpecifics AC201

Lesson: Check Management

Lesson Overview

Thislessonisincludedinthestandardcourseincertaincountriesonly(suchas

the United States).

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Explainthedocumentsinvolvedincheckprocessing

• Create a check manually

• Display check information

• Void checks

• Use void check reason codes

Business Example

Your internalauditorshaverequestedthefollowing:

• Areasonmustbegivenforeverycheckthatwasvoided

• TheyalsorequestedthateverycheckbelistedStaffaccountantswanttobe

abletoviewcheckinformationtodeterminewhencheckswerecashed

Check Management

• Process checks

• Void checks

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AC201 Lesson: Check Management

Figure 156: Check Management

Youcanonlyprint checksintheSAP systemif the system contains apayable,

such as an invoice.

Thepaymentprocesscreatesapaymentdocumentthatrecordsthepaymentofthe

payable and clears the open invoice.

Thecheck andpayment document arecreatedintwoseparatesteps. When the

checkiscreated,thechecknumber,bankinformation,andthecheckrecipientare

printedonboththepaymentdocumentandtheopeninvoice.

If errors are made, users must decide whether to reprint or void the check, or

whethertovoidandreversethecheckandthepaymentdocument.

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Unit6: CountrySpecifics AC201

Figure 157: Payment Documents and Checks

TherearethreewaystopayaninvoiceintheSAPsystem:

• With the automatic payment program: This program creates several

paymentdocumentsandchecksautomatically. Thisprogramisusedtopay

several vendors at once.

• With Post and print forms: This function creates individual payment

documentsandchecks. Theusermanuallyselectstheinvoicesforpayment.

You use this function to pay a specific vendor or invoice. Example: A

vendorcomesbypersonallyandasksforacheck.

• Post: Creates individual paymentdocumentsafter theuser hasmanually

selectedtheinvoicesforpayment. Asinthepreviousexample,youusethis

functiontopayavendororaspecificinvoiceusingpre-printedchecksthat

arefilledoutmanuallyorwithatypewriter. Example: Thecheckprinteris

notworkingandyoursuperiorneedsacheck. Inthiscase,youcanfillout

thecheckonthetypewriter. Later, go backintotheSAPsystemtocreate

thepaymentdocumentandthenassignitachecknumber,sincethecheck

was not created by the SAP system.

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AC201 Lesson: Check Management

Figure 158: Check Information

This information is entered on the payment document and the invoice when a

check is created.

Figure 159: Voiding Checks and Reversing Payments

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Unit6: CountrySpecifics AC201

Checkscanbevoidedbeforetheprintruninthefollowingcases:

• Accidentally damaged

• Stolen

• Destroyed

Checkscanbevoidedaftertheprintruninthefollowingcases:

• Notrequiredbecauseacashpaymentismadeinstead

• Torn during printing

• Used for a test print

In each case, you have to decide whether the payment document needs to be

reversed. The system allows you to:

• Reverse the check

• Reversethecheckthenreversethepaymentdocumentseparately

• Reversethecheckandthepaymentdocumentsimultaneously

Figure 160: Reasons for Voiding Checks

Whenyouvoidacheck,youhavetospecifyareason. TheSAPsystemprovides

standardreasons;however,youcanalsodefineyourown. Todoso,youhaveto

specifywhetherthevoidreasoncodesareusedbytheprintprogram.

When you void a check, the payment document, original invoice, and check

registerareupdated. Whenyoureverseadocument,anewreversaldocumentis

created.

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AC201 Lesson: Check Management

Figure 161: Check Register

The check register program RFCHKN00 isan ABAP program that isshipped

as standard with the system.

Thisprogramisadynamicreportthatprovidesthefollowinginformation:

• All checks

• Outstanding checks

• Checks paid

• Voided checks

You can run the report by:

• Payment run

• Issue/creation/cashing date

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Unit6: CountrySpecifics AC201

Figure 162: Checks Cashed Online

Thecashedchecksprogramisusedtomanuallyrecordchecksthat havebeen

cashedbythebank. Thisprocesscanbecarriedoutautomaticallyusingthe

RFEBCK00programwithdatasuppliedfromtheuser'sbank.

After notification that the check has been cashed is received, the RFEBCK00

programtransfersthecheckamountfromthecheckclearingaccounttothecash

account.

Atthesametime,thecashingdate(datethecheckwascashed)isenteredinthe

paymentdocument, originalinvoice, andcheckregister.

Thecheckclearingaccountisconfiguredinthepaymentprogramandthecash

account isconfigured inthehousebank. Thecheck clearingaccount must use

open item management.

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