AC201_EN_Col92_FV_Part_A4 - dunning (第7页)

第 261 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Logistics - General

Figure 98: Views of the Material Master Record

You can also configure automatic postings dependent on the material (and its

materialtype)enteredforatransaction. Youanalyzethedifferentmaterialtypesat

yourcompany,particularlyforinventorypostings. Dependingontheprocurement

type, you need one or more stock accounts to differentiate between materials

produced in-houseand those procured externally.

Thisgraphicshowstheviewsof thematerial masterrecordandthelevelsat

which they can be maintained.

TheviewsAccounting1+2aremaintainedatvaluationlevel,thatis,eitherat

plant orcompanycodelevel. Theseviewscontainthedatafor thelink toSAP

Financials.

Ifpartsofamaterialstockaretobevaluateddifferentlythanotherparts,youcan

useseparatevaluation. Eachpartofamaterial stockisassignedtoavaluation

type,andtheviewsAccounting1+2, whichcontainthevaluationdata,canbe

maintained differently for each valuation type.

245

第 262 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Figure 99: Division

ThedivisionisanorganizationalunitthatisusedinSalesOrderManagementto

assignsalesorprofitsfromsalablematerialsorservicestoareasofresponsibility.

Inaddition, thedivisionisusedfortheautomaticbusinessareaassignmentfor

Logistics transactions in Financials.

You assign each material to a division by entering the division in the material

master record.

246

第 263 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Logistics - General

Exercise 16: Logistics – General

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Check your knowledge of SAP ERP objects that are important for both

Logisticsapplications: purchasingmanagementandsalesordermanagement.

Business Example

Thecustomerinstallssalesordermanagementandpurchasingmanagementinthe

secondphaseof theimplementationprojectand wantstocheck theintegration

betweenthesecomponentsandFinancialAccounting.

Task:

True or false?

1. Aplantcanbeassignedtoseveralcompanycodes.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

2. Materialmasterrecordscontainaviewofdifferentorganizationallevels.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

3. Amaterialcanbeassignedtoseveraldivisions.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

247

第 264 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Solution 16: Logistics – General

Task:

True or false?

1. Aplantcanbeassignedtoseveralcompanycodes.

Answer: False

Aplantmustbeassignedtoexactlyonecompanycode.

2. Materialmasterrecordscontainaviewofdifferentorganizationallevels.

Answer: False

Material master records consist of several different views of different

organizational levels.

3. A material canbeassignedtoseveral divisions.

Answer: False

Amaterial canonlybeassignedtoonedivision.

248

第 265 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Logistics - General

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• DescribethecentralSAPERPobjectsinLogistics

249

第 266 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Lesson: Procurement Process

Lesson Overview

This lesson gives you an overview about thebasicprocurement processin the

SAP application.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• DescribehowabasicprocurementprocessishandledintheSAPapplication

Business Example

The customer wants to make sure that his knowledge about the integration

betweenMaterialsManagementandFinancialAccountingissufficientforhimto

holddiscussionswithexpertsfromMaterialsManagement.

Figure 100: Plant-Specific Purchasing

Procurement foraplant iscarriedout bypurchasing organizationswhichare

assigned to the plant.

Plant-Specific Purchasing

A purchasing organization is assigned to only one plant. The purchasing

transactionshavetobepostedinthecompanycodethatisassignedtothisplant.

Oneormorepurchasingorganizationscanbeassignedtooneplant.

250

第 267 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Procurement Process

Figure 101: Company Code-Specific Purchasing

Company Code-Specific Purchasing

A purchasing organization is assigned to several plants that are all assigned

tothesamecompanycode. For thepurchasingtransaction posting tohappen

automatically, the purchasing organization has to beassigned to thiscompany

code.

Figure 102: Corporate Group-Wide Purchasing

Corporate Group-Wide Purchasing

A purchasing organization is assigned to several plants that are assigned to

differentcompanycodes. Inthiscasethecorrectcompanycodemustbeentered

manually whenthepurchasingtransactionisposted.

The three organizational structures shown in the last three graphics can be

combined as required.

251

第 268 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

MM View of the Vendor Master Record

Figure 103: The Complete Vendor Account

Anypurchasingorganizationthatwantstodobusinesswithavendorhastocreate

a purchasing organizationsegment first. Thepurchasingorganizationsegment

containspurchasingorganization-specificdata. Normally,theonethingthatmust

becreatedisthepurchasingorganizationsegmentforthepurchasingorganization

assignedtothecompanycode. Note: Theremaybeotherpurchasingorganizations

doing business with the vendor as well.

Theaccountnumberisassignedtothevendorattheclientlevel. Thisensuresthat

theaccountnumberforavendoristhesameforallcompanycodesandpurchasing

organizations.

Acompletevendoraccountconsistsofthefollowingthreesegments:

• General data at the client level

• Company code segment

• Purchasing organization segment

252

第 269 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Procurement Process

Figure104: Three-StepReconciliation (StandardProcedure)

Three-step reconciliation is the standard procedure used to post procurement

transactions.

The procedureinvolves thefollowingthree steps:

• Purchase order

Thistransactiontakesplaceexclusivelyinpurchasingmanagement. Nothing

is posted in SAP ERP Financials.

• Goods receipt

To update the inventory, a material document is created in purchasing

management. Anaccountingdocument iscreated at thesametimeandis

used to post the valuated goods to the material stock or consumption

account(debit)andtoagoodsreceipt/invoicereceiptaccount(credit).

• Invoice receipt

Thevendorinvoiceispostedinpurchasingmanagementandanaccounting

documentiscreatedatthesametimethatisusedtoposttheinvoiceamount

to the goods receipt/invoice receipt account (debit) and the vendor

account (credit).

Thelasttwostepscanbecompletedinreverseorder,dependingontheorderin

which thegoods and the invoice arereceived.

The goods receipt/invoice receipt (GR/IR) account is managed on an open

itembasis. It isusedtoensurethatgoodshavebeenreceivedfor everyinvoice

and vice versa.

ThedocumenttypesoftheFinancialsdocumentscanbeassignedinCustomizing.

253

第 270 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• DescribehowabasicprocurementprocessishandledintheSAPapplication

254

第 271 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Introduction to Automatic Account Determination

Lesson: Introduction to Automatic Account

Determination

Lesson Overview

This lesson introduces you to automatic account determination in Materials

Management. You will learn about the importance of automatic account

determinationandtheaccountdeterminationkeysbasedonexamples.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, youwillbeable to:

• List the different account determination keys for automatic account

determination

• Explainsimpleaccountingprocessesthatstemfrominventorymanagement

and invoice verification

Business Example

You want to familiarize yourself with the options for automatic account

determination in MM.

What Do We Mean by Automatic Account

Determination?

Many of the processes in inventory management and invoice verification are

relevant for accounting. Theseprocesseshavetobedocumentedinaccounting

documentsthatcontain thepostingstotheFI G/L accounts. TheG/L accounts

that are posted to in these documents are to be determined by the program

automatically, to the extent possible.

AutomaticaccountdeterminationisaprocedurefordeterminingtheG/Laccounts

forpostingsfromaccounting-relevantprocessesautomatically,withoutrequiring

userintervention. Toenableit,theseaccountsmustbeenteredinaspecialtablein

Customizingfortheprocessesininventorymanagementandinvoiceverification.

255

第 272 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Figure 105: Automatic Postings for GR and for IR with Reference to a

Purchase Order

Thegoodsreceipttowarehousewaspostedfor100pieceswithanorderpriceof

EUR10.00/pieceforamaterialwithastandardpriceofEUR10.00/piece.

TheinvoicereceiptwaspostedwithaninvoicepriceofEUR10.00/piece. Atax

rateof 10%wasusedfortheinputtaxintheinvoice.

Figure106: PostingTransactionsforGRforPOtoWarehouseandforIR

TheabovediagramshowsG/Laccountpostingsthatoccurduringagoodsreceipt

to warehouseor duringaninvoicereceipt for anon-account-assigned POitem

with item category Normal.

256

第 273 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Introduction to Automatic Account Determination

ThepostingsmarkedwithXcanoccurduringagoodsreceiptorduringaninvoice

receipt for a purchase order.

Where Is Automatic Account Determination Used?

Figure 107: Automatic Account Determination in MM

The processes in Materials Management for which automatic postings can be

configured arelocated in theinventory management, invoice verification, and

materialvaluationareas. Thisalsoincludesgoodsmovementsthatareinitiatedby

processesinmanufacturing(goodsissueforaproductionorder,forexample)and

sales (goods issue for a sales order).

Which Influencing Factors Determine the Accounts for

an Accounting Document?

AnoperativechartofaccountsisdefinedinFinancialAccountingCustomizingfor

eachcompanycode. ItdescribeswhichG/Laccountsaretobeused,forexample,

for stock and expense postings. You then configure account determination

separatelyforeachchartofaccounts,becausetherelevanceoftheG/Laccounts

is dependent on the chart of accounts.

Valuation Areas

Youcanalsoconfigureautomaticpostingsdependent onthevaluationareafor

whichthetransactionisentered. Inthefollowingexample,thevaluationlevelmust

betheplant. Otherwiseitisnotpossibletoassignplant-dependentG/Laccounts.

Plant-dependent account assignments make it possible, for example, to post

transactionsfor theproductionprocessinplant1todifferent G/Laccountsand

costelementsthantransactionsfortheproductionprocessinplant2.

257

第 274 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Figure108: Example(1): AccountDeterminationKey: OrganizationalLevel

Astheabove example shows, postingsfor the samematerial and transaction –

entered in plant 1000 or plant 1100 – can result in postings to different stock

and revenue accounts.

Materials

You can also configure automatic postings dependent on the material (and its

materialtype)enteredforatransaction. Youanalyzethedifferentmaterialtypesat

yourcompany,particularlyforinventorypostings. Dependingontheprocurement

type, you need one or more stock accounts to differentiate between materials

produced in-houseand thoseprocured externally.

258

第 275 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Introduction to Automatic Account Determination

Figure109: Example(2): AccountDeterminationKey: Material/MaterialType

Astheaboveexampleshows, thesametransactioninthesameplant canresult

inpostingstodifferentaccounts,dependingonthematerialtypeandthespecific

material.

Business Processes

Youalsohavetoconfiguretheautomaticpostingsdependentonthetransaction

itselfthattriggerstheupdateinaccounting. IntheSAPsystem,certaintransactions

causethereceiptvaluetobepostedtoastockaccount,forexample,whileother

transactions are posted to an expense account.

Thefollowingdiagramshowsthepostingsfortwodifferentbusinessprocesses.

The upper block shows the postings for a goods receipt to warehouse for a

non-account-assigned PO item.

ThelowerblockshowsthepostingsforagoodsreceiptforaPOitementeredwith

account assignment category “Cost Center”.

259

第 276 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Figure110: Example(3): AccountDeterminationKey: MMTransaction

Movement Types

Whenyou enter different goodsmovementsintheSAP system, the movement

type(abbreviatedasMTy)determineswhichbusinessprocessyouwanttopost.

YoucanuseMTy261, for example, topostagoodsissueforamaterialfroma

productionorder. Incontrasttothisconsumptionposting, youwanttopostany

physicalinventorydifferencesthatoccurtoadifferentexpenseaccount.

260

第 277 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Introduction to Automatic Account Determination

Figure111: Example(4): AccountDeterminationKey: MMTransaction

To identify expenses for production separately from expenses due to physical

inventory differences in Financial Accounting and Controlling, for example,

different accounts are configured and assigned for these different goods

withdrawals.

How Does the System Determine the G/L Accounts?

You do not need to enter a G/L account when you enter a goods movement,

because the SAP system determines the relevant G/L accounts automatically

based on the following data:

Organizational Level

Youspecifytheplant(orplants) for the goodsmovement directlyorindirectly.

Thesystemdeterminesthefollowinginformationfromthisvalue:

• The company codeto which the plant belongs, andthereforethechart of

accounts for this company code

• The valuation area that is assigned to the plant, and therefore a constant

(valuationgroupingcode)thatisusedtodifferentiatetheassignedaccounts

for each valuation area.

261

第 278 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Material

Youspecify,directlyorindirectly,thematerialforwhichthegoodsreceiptistobe

entered. Thesystemdeterminesthefollowinginformationfromthisvalue:

• Thematerialtypeofthematerial,andthereforetheindicatorsastowhether

thismaterialisupdatedonaquantityand/oravaluebasis

• The valuation class of the material, which is recorded in the accounting

datainthematerialmasterrecordandisusedtodifferentiatetheaccounts

assigned by material/material type

Business Transaction

Youspecify,directlyorindirectly,themovementtypewithwhichthegoodsreceipt

istobeposted. Themovementtypeisusedtodifferentiatebetweenthedifferent

goodsmovements(suchasgoodsreceipt,goodsissue,andtransferposting). The

movementtypesymbolizesthespecificbusinessprocessinvolvedinthegoods

movement. Thesystemdeterminesinformationfromthisvalueincluding:

• ThedefinitionsforpostingtoFIaccounts(suchasbalancesheetaccounts

andconsumptionaccounts–thepostingrule(alsocalledvaluestring)

• Thedefinitionsforupdatingthestockandvaluefieldsinthematerialmaster

record

262

第 279 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Introduction to Automatic Account Determination

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• List the different account determination keys for automatic account

determination

• Explainsimpleaccountingprocessesthatstemfrominventorymanagement

and invoice verification

Related Information

• Detailedinformationonautomaticaccountdeterminationisavailableinthe

Implementation Guide under:

IMG: Materials Management → Valuation and Account Assignment →

Account Determination → Account Determination without Wizard →

Configure Automatic Postings

263

第 280 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Lesson: Importance of Company Code and Valuation

Area

Lesson Overview

Thislessondescribeshowautomaticaccountdeterminationisdependentonthe

company code and valuation area.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Determinethechartofaccountsthatisusedinyourcompanycode

• Name the conditions under which plant-dependent assignment of G/L

accounts is possible

• Explaintheimportanceofvaluationgroupingcodes

• Includenew plantsin account determination

Business Example

YouhavedecidedtoassignpostingsinanewplanttodifferentG/Laccountsthan

inyourexistingplants. Younowneedtomakethenecessarypreparation.

Levels for Account Determination

You canassign the G/L accountsthat areposted toduring accounting-relevant

transactionsintheSAPsystemdependentondifferentlevels:

• Chart of accounts

You havetoconfigureaccountdetermination separately for each chart of

accounts.

• Valuation area

Youcanconfigureaccountdeterminationdependentonthevaluationareafor

sometransactions, suchasconsumptionpostings.

• Valuation type

If you use split valuation for certain materials, you can also configure

accountdeterminationdependentonthevaluationtype.

264

第 281 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Company Code and Valuation Area

Figure112: ValuationandAccountDeterminationLevelsinMM

G/L account assignment (account determination) is always dependent on the

chart of accounts. You assign the chart of accounts to a company code in FI

Customizing.

WhenyouentertheMMbusinessprocesses,thevaluationarea(plantorcompany

code) isknown. You canchoose inCustomizing whether thevaluation areais

equivalent to the company code or the plant. You have to define this setting

beforeyoucreatematerialsandbeforeyouenter transactionsinMMinventory

management. YoucanassignG/Laccountsdependingonthevaluationarea.

Ifyouusesplitvaluationforamaterial,youcanvaluatethepartialstocksofthat

materialseparately,aswellasmanagethemindifferentaccounts. Note,however,

thatthesubjectofsplitvaluationisnotdiscussedinanydetailinthiscourse.

265

第 282 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Figure 113: Overview of G/L Account Assignment for Automatic Account

Determination

Key to abbreviations:

Clnt = Client

Chrt/Accts = Chart of accounts

VGC = Valuation grouping code

AG = Account grouping code (gen. acct. modif.

code/modifier)

ValClass = Valuation class

Note: ThedocumentationfortheImplementationGuide(IMG)containsa

detaileddescriptionofautomaticaccountdetermination: IMG:Materials

Management → Valuation and Account Assignment → Account

Determination→AccountDeterminationwithoutWizard→Configure

Automatic Postings

Theinfluenceofthechartofaccountsandvaluationareaonautomaticaccount

determinationisexaminedinmoredetailinthenextsession.

Chart of Accounts

Thechartofaccountsisadirectoryofallgeneralledger(G/L)accountsthatare

usedbyoneormorecompanycodes. ForeachG/Laccount,thechartofaccounts

containstheaccountnumber,theaccountname,andothertechnicalinformation.

266

第 283 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Company Code and Valuation Area

The chart of accounts is part of the key in the table for automatic account

determination, sincethemeaningofaG/Laccountcandifferbetweenchartsof

accounts. ThismeansyouhavetoassigntheindividualG/Laccountassignments

forautomaticaccountdeterminationseparatelyforeachchartofaccounts.

Figure 114: AccountDetermination Key: ChartofAccounts

An operativechart of accounts must be assigned to every companycode. The

operative chart of accounts is the chart of accounts used in both Financial

Accounting and Controlling.

Theitemsinachartofaccountscanbeusedtoformbothanexpenseandrevenue

accountinFinancialAccountingandacostandrevenueelementinCostElement

Accounting.

Valuation Areas

The valuation area is an organizational unit in logistics that subdivides an

enterpriseforthepurposeofuniformandcompletevaluationofmaterialstocks.

In the SAP system, you define the level at which the material stocks are to be

valuated at your company:

• At company code level

• At plant level

Ifyouchoosetheplantasthevaluationlevel,eachplantisavaluationarea. Inthis

case,thekeyofthevaluationareaisidenticaltothekeyoftheplant.

267

第 284 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

YoucanassigntheG/Laccountsforautomaticaccountassignmentdependenton

thecompanycode(atleastindirectly). Tominimizetheeffortrequired,valuation

areaswiththesameaccountassignmentscanbegrouped. Thisisdoneusing a

valuationgroupingcode,whichisthenusedtoassigntheG/Laccounts.

Figure 115: AccountDetermination Key: Valuation Area

The valuation (area-dependent) grouping code is a tool for configuring the

automaticaccountdeterminationwiththeleastpossibleeffort. Withinachartof

accounts, valuationareaswiththesameaccountassignmentareassignedtothe

same valuation grouping codes.

Valuationgroupingcodeseitherrepresentdetaileddifferentiationwithinachartof

accountsor correspond to a chart of accounts.

Incontrast tothechart ofaccountsitself, youcanconfigureautomaticaccount

determinationtobeindependentofthevaluationgroupingcodes–ingeneralor

onlyforindividualtransactions. Intheformercase,youdeactivatethevaluation

grouping codes; in the latter case, you modify the rules accordingly for the

individual transactions (see the lesson on “Business Transactions and Their

Influence on Account Determination”).

Thetwodiagramsbelowincludebothvariantsofthevaluationlevel.

268

第 285 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Company Code and Valuation Area

Valuation Level: Company Code

Figure 116: Case 1: Valuation Area = Company Code

Theabovediagramshowsacompany inwhich severalcompanycodesusethe

samechartofaccounts,whileonecompanycodeusesadifferentchartofaccounts.

Automaticaccountdeterminationhastobeconfiguredseparatelyatleastforeach

chart of accounts.

Thevaluationareas,orlevelformaterialvaluation,arethecompanycodesinthis

case. Ifthecompanycodeisthedefinedvaluationlevel,youcannotdifferentiate

G/L account assignment by plant.

Youcoulddothefollowingforthecompanyinthisdiagram:

• Deactivate the valuation grouping code

As a result, the three company codes that are assigned to the same chart

of accounts, INT (1000, 2000, and 2100), will have the same account

assignment.

• Activate the valuation grouping code

In this case, you haveto assign avaluation grouping code toeach of the

companycodes(1000,2000,2100,and3000). Youassignthesamecodeto

thecompanycodesthatwereassignedtothesamechartofaccounts(INT)

andthatyouwanttohavethesameaccountassignment.

Ifyouusethedifferentvaluationgroupingcodesforcompanycodesinthe

samechartof accounts, youcanalsoassigndifferent G/L accountstothe

samebusinessprocessesinthesecompanycodes.

269

第 286 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Valuation Level: Plant

Figure 117: Case 2: Valuation Area = Plant

Theabovediagramshowsacompany inwhichseveralcompanycodesusethe

samechartofaccounts,whileonecompanycodeusesadifferentchartofaccounts.

Automaticaccountdeterminationhastobeconfiguredseparatelyatleastforeach

chart of accounts.

The valuation areas, or level for material valuation, are theplants in this case.

If the plant isthe defined valuation level, you can differentiateG/L account

assignment by plant as well.

Youcoulddothefollowingforthecompanyinthisdiagram:

• Deactivate the valuation grouping code

Asaresult,thefourplants(1000,2000,2100,and2110)that(indirectly)use

thesamechartofaccounts,INT,willhavethesameaccountassignment.

• Activate the valuation grouping code

Inthis case, you have to assign avaluation grouping code toeach of the

plants(1000,2000,2100,2110,and3000). Youassignthesamecodetothe

plantsoftheINTchartofaccountsthatyouwanttohavethesameaccount

assignment.

If you use the different valuation grouping codes for plants in the same

chart of accounts, you can also assign differentG/Laccountstothe same

business processes in these plants.

270

第 287 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Company Code and Valuation Area

Grouping of Valuation Areas

ThefollowingscreenshotfromSAPCustomizingshowsagroupingofvaluation

areas.

Figure 118: Grouping of Valuation Areas

Company codes 1000 and 2000 use thesame chart of accounts, INT. Account

determinationisidenticalforplants1000,1100,... ofcompanycode1000andfor

plants 2000 and 2010 of company code 2000.

271

第 288 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

272

第 289 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Company Code and Valuation Area

Exercise 17: Importance of Valuation

Level and Valuation Area

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Determine the valuation level

• Set valuation control

• Group the valuation areas

Business Example

As the project manager for Financial Accounting, you are responsible for

configuringaccountdeterminationinMaterialsManagement. Youhavetomake

surethatareassignedtotheG/LaccountsspecifiedbyAccounting–asdefinedin

the template – for the automatic postings.

Inthefirststep,youhavetoconsidertheorganizationalstructurefortheautomatic

postings.

YouwanttoconfigureindependentaccountdeterminationlogicintheSAPsystem

for thenewplant, AC##(##=your groupnumber).

Task 1:

In your discussions for mapping the organizational structures, the following

statementsaremade. Decidewhethertheyaretrueorfalseanddescribewhy.

1. The material valuation level in the production system can be changed at

any time

2. If you use thePP component, material valuation must be set at company

code level.

Continued on next page

273

第 290 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

3. Accountdeterminationisalwaysplant-dependent.

4. Definethevaluationgroupingcodeandexplainitsuse.

Task 2:

AsthenewFinancialAccountingprojectmanager, youfirstwanttofamiliarize

yourselfwiththecurrententerprisestructureintheSAPsystem. Thenecessary

organizational structures are already defined. Pay special attention to the new

plant,AC##,forwhichyouhavetoconfigureseparateaccountdetermination.

1. FamiliarizeyourselfwiththecurrententerprisestructureintheSAPsystem

in Customizing.

Towhich companycodeisplant1000assigned?

Towhichcompanycodeisthenewplant,AC##(##=yourgroupnumber)

assigned?

2. FindoutwhetherthevaluationleveloftheSAPsystemissettocompany

code or plant level.

What are the consequences of this?

Towhich valuation areaisplant1000assigned?

TowhichvaluationareaisplantAC##assigned?

Continued on next page

274

第 291 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Company Code and Valuation Area

3. Findoutwhichchartofaccountsisusedincompanycodes1000andAC##

(## = your group number).

4. Findoutwhetherthevaluationgroupingcodeisactiveinthetrainingclient.

What are the consequences of this?

5. Whichvaluationgroupingcodeisassignedtovaluationarea1000?

Writedownthevaluationgroupingcodeforvaluationarea(plant)1000:

6. Whichvaluationgroupingcodeiscurrentlyassignedyour valuationarea,

AC##(“new”plantAC##)? Whataretheconsequencesofthis?

Task 3:

Whatwouldyouhavetodoifyouwantedyournewplant,AC##

1. ... tousedifferentG/Laccountassignmentsthaninplant1000forselected

business processes?

Continued on next page

275

第 292 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

2. Configureautomaticaccountassignmentforyournewplant,AC##. Define

differentaccountdeterminationthanthatconfiguredforplant1000.

Assignanewvaluationgroupingcodetoyourplant,AC##. Usevaluation

groupingcodeVG## (##=your groupnumber).

276

第 293 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Company Code and Valuation Area

Solution 17: Importance of Valuation Level

and Valuation Area

Task 1:

In your discussions for mapping the organizational structures, the following

statementsaremade. Decidewhethertheyaretrueorfalseanddescribewhy.

1. The material valuation level in the production system can be changed at

any time

Answer: False

Changingthevaluationlevelcanresultininconsistencies. Whenyouchange

the valuation level, a large effort is required to convert all the inventory

accounting data and material documents.

2. If you use thePP component, material valuation must be set at company

code level.

Answer: False

IfyouuseProductionPlanning,youhavetosetthevaluationareatoplant

level. Otherwise, the program cannotaccess the accounting data for the

materialstodeterminethecostsofaproductionorder,forexample.

3. Accountdeterminationisalwaysplant-dependent.

Answer: False

Accountscanonlybeassignedonaplant-dependentbasisifthefollowing

conditions are met:

• The valuation level is the plant.

• The valuation grouping code is active.

• Everyplantisassignedaseparatevaluationgroupingcode.

4. Definethevaluationgroupingcodeandexplainitsuse.

Answer:

Thevaluationgroupingcodeenablesvaluationarea-dependentdifferentiation

duringautomaticaccountdetermination. Atthesametime,itenablesyouto

groupandconsolidatevaluationareasforautomaticaccountdetermination-

thatis,todeterminetheG/Laccountsforeachbusinessprocess.

Continued on next page

277

第 294 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Task 2:

AsthenewFinancialAccountingprojectmanager, youfirstwanttofamiliarize

yourselfwiththecurrententerprisestructureintheSAPsystem. Thenecessary

organizational structures are already defined. Pay special attention to the new

plant,AC##,forwhichyouhavetoconfigureseparateaccountdetermination.

1. FamiliarizeyourselfwiththecurrententerprisestructureintheSAPsystem

in Customizing.

Towhich companycodeisplant1000assigned?

Towhichcompanycodeisthenewplant,AC##(##=yourgroupnumber)

assigned?

Answer: Select: IMG:EnterpriseStructure→Assignment→Logistics-

General→Assign Plant to CompanyCode

Plant 1000 isassignedto companycode1000.

Thenewplant,AC##,isassignedtoyourcompanycode,AC##(##=your

group number).

2. FindoutwhetherthevaluationleveloftheSAPsystemissettocompany

code or plant level.

What are the consequences of this?

Towhich valuation areaisplant1000assigned?

TowhichvaluationareaisplantAC##assigned?

Answer:

Choose: IMG:EnterpriseStructure→Definition→Logistics-General

→ Define Valuation Level.

Thevaluationlevelisdefinedatplantlevelandcannotbechanged.

This means that material valuation is plant-dependent, which means

automaticaccountdeterminationalsohastobeconfiguredplant-dependently.

If the valuation level is the plant, then the key of the valuation area is

identicaltotheplantkey. Therefore,plant1000isassignedvaluationarea

1000andplantAC##isassignedvaluationareaAC##.

Continued on next page

278

第 295 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Company Code and Valuation Area

3. Findoutwhichchartofaccountsisusedincompanycodes1000andAC##

(## = your group number).

Answer:

Choose IMG→Financial Accounting (New) →Financial Accounting

GlobalSettings(New)→GlobalParametersforCompanyCode→Enter

Global Parameters..

Select company code1000 and chooseDetail.

Companycode1000useschartofaccountsINT.

SelectcompanycodeAC## andchooseDetail.

CompanycodeAC##alsouseschartofaccountsINT.

4. Findoutwhetherthevaluationgroupingcodeisactiveinthetrainingclient.

What are the consequences of this?

Answer:

Choose: IMG: Materials Management → Valuation and Account

Assignment→AccountDetermination→AccountDeterminationwithout

Wizard → Define Valuation Control.

Yes,thevaluationgroupingcodeisactive. Therefore,everyvaluationarea

- that is, every plant in the training client - must be assigned a valuation

grouping code.

5. Whichvaluationgroupingcodeisassignedtovaluationarea1000?

Writedownthevaluationgroupingcodeforvaluationarea(plant)1000:

Answer:

Choose: IMG: Materials Management → Valuation and Account

Assignment→AccountDetermination→AccountDeterminationwithout

Wizard →GroupTogetherValuation Areas.

Valuationarea1000isassignedvaluationgroupingcode0001.

6. Whichvaluationgroupingcodeiscurrentlyassignedyour valuationarea,

AC##(“new”plantAC##)? Whataretheconsequencesofthis?

Answer:

Valuation area (plant) AC## is assigned valuation grouping code 0001.

Thisvaluationarea(plant)currentlyhasthesameaccountassignmentsas

plant 1000.

Continued on next page

279

第 296 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Task 3:

Whatwouldyouhavetodoifyouwantedyournewplant,AC##

1. ... tousedifferentG/Laccountassignmentsthaninplant1000forselected

business processes?

Answer: Plant AC## would have to be assigned a different valuation

grouping code.

2. Configureautomaticaccountassignmentforyournewplant,AC##. Define

differentaccountdeterminationthanthatconfiguredforplant1000.

Assignanewvaluationgroupingcodetoyourplant,AC##. Usevaluation

groupingcodeVG## (##=your groupnumber).

a) Choose: IMG: Materials Management → Valuation and Account

Assignment→AccountDetermination→AccountDetermination

withoutWizard→GroupTogetherValuationAreas.

b) AssignvaluationgroupingcodeVG##(##=yourgroupnumber)to

plant AC##.

280

第 297 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Company Code and Valuation Area

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Determinethechartofaccountsthatisusedinyourcompanycode

• Name the conditions under which plant-dependent assignment of G/L

accounts is possible

• Explaintheimportanceofvaluationgroupingcodes

• Include newplantsin account determination

Related Information

• Enter an optional reference using the URL or CrossReference tag to

additionalinformationthatthelearnermayfinduseful. Examplesinclude

websitesor whitepapers. Delete if not used.

281

第 298 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Lesson: Importance of Material and Material Type

Lesson Overview

Thislessondescribeshowautomaticaccountdeterminationisdependentonthe

materialtypeandfromthematerialmasterrecorditself.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Describe the relationship between the material master and the account

determination process

Business Example

You need to find out whether it is possible to configure different account

determinationfor certainmaterialsor materialtypes.

Material Type and Account Determination

Thematerialtypeisusedtogroupmaterialswiththesamebasicproperties,such

asrawmaterials,semifinishedproducts,andfinishedproducts. Whenyoucreatea

materialmasterrecord, youassignamaterialtypetothematerial. Thematerial

typeispartofthegeneraldataforthematerial. Itcontrolsthemainprocessflows

intheindividualapplications. YoucanuseCustomizingforProductionPlanning

(PP),forexample,todefinewhichmaterialtypesareallowedorexcludedforthe

creationofbillsofmaterialandroutingsatyourspecificcompany.

The type of inventory management for a material type (that is, whether it is

managed on a quantity and/or value basis) can be defined separately for each

valuation area.

The price control indicator can be configured as a default value (that is, a

suggestionthatcanbeoverwritten)orafixedvalue. Stockandinventoryaccounts

areassignedusingthevaluationclasses. Accountcategoryreferencesestablishthe

linksbetweenvaluationclassesand material types.

You can define automatic account determination material-specifically. This

enablesyoutopostthereceiptofarawmaterialtoadifferentstockaccountthan

receipt of tradinggoods, forexample-all dependent onthematerial type. You

mayalsowanttodefinedifferentstockaccountsformaterialsthataredependent

solelyontheprocurementtype(producedin-houseorprocuredexternally).

Different variants for the relationships between material types and account

determination are depicted inthediagram below.

282

第 299 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Material and Material Type

Figure 119: Material Groupings

YoucanconfigurethedeterminationofG/Laccountsuniformlyforallmaterials

of amaterialtypeor evenforseveralmaterialtypes.

OryoucanconfigurethedeterminationofdifferentG/Laccountsforthedifferent

materials of a material type.

Youcan also combineoptions2 and 3 - that is:

• Grouping several material types

• DefiningdifferentG/Laccountsfordifferentmaterialswithinthegroup

Valuation Classes

TheSAPsystemusesthevaluationclassformaterial-dependentdifferentiationof

automaticaccountassignment. Thevaluationclassisakeyforgroupingmaterials

with the same account determination.

Youenterthevaluationclassintheaccountingdataofamaterial.

283

第 300 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Figure120: AccountDeterminationKey: Material/MaterialType

YouassigntheG/Laccountstothevaluationclasses—takingtheotheraccount

determinationkeysintoconsideration. If,inatransaction,postingsaretobemade

todifferentaccountsdependingonthevaluationclass,theaccountdetermination

forthistransactionmustbeconfigureddependentonthevaluationclass.

Thevaluationclassespermitteddependonthematerialtype. Severalvaluation

classes can be permitted for one material type.

Avaluationclasscanalsobepermittedforseveralmaterialtypes.

Therelationshipbetweenvaluationclassesandmaterialtypesisestablishedusing

theaccountcategoryreference. Theaccountcategoryreferenceisagroupingof

valuation classesthat thesystem usesto check whether thespecifiedvaluation

classisallowedwhenyoumaintainaccountingdatainthematerialmasterrecord.

Theaccountcategoryreferenceisassignedtothematerialtypes. Amaterialtype

canonlybeassignedoneaccount categoryreference.

284

第 301 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Material and Material Type

Figure 121: Material Type and Valuation Class

Theaccountcategoryreferenceisthegroupingtermfortheaccountdetermination

dependent on the material type.

Youcanassignmorethanvaluationclasstoanaccountcategoryreference.

Eachmaterialtypefor whichinventorymanagementissupportedonaquantity

andvaluebasisisassignedtoanaccountcategoryreference(required).

Whenyoumaintaintheaccountingdataforamaterialofthismaterialtype,you

canselectoneofthevaluationclassessupportedforthecorrespondingaccount

categoryreference. TheG/Laccountsarethendeterminedforthismaterialbased

on the settings for that valuation class.

Ifamaterialusessplitvaluation, account determinationiscarriedoutusingthe

valuation class of thevaluation type record.

The following screen shot from SAP Customizing shows the definition of

valuationclassesandtheirassignmenttoanaccountcategoryreference.

285

第 302 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

Figure 122: Grouping of Valuation Classes

Valuationclasses3000,3001,3002,and3003aregatheredinagroup. Theyare

assigned to account category reference 0001.

The following screen shot from SAP Customizing shows the assignment of

account category references to material types. In this example, material types

COMPandCONTareassignedtothesameaccountcategoryreference,0001.

Figure123: MaterialTypeandAccountCategoryReference

286

第 303 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Material and Material Type

Figure124: Realization: ExampleofMaterialswiththeSameMaterialType

287

第 304 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

288

第 305 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Material and Material Type

Exercise 18: Importance of Material and

Material Type

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Checkthegroupingsofmaterialtypesforaccountdetermination,aswellas

the assigned valuation classes

• Assign anewvaluationclassto amaterial type

Business Example

Nowthatyouhaveexaminedtheorganizationalstructureforautomaticpostings,

you next want to find out the extent to which you have to group the different

materialtypesandmaterialmasterrecordstogethertoimplementtherequirements

from youraccounting andcontrollingdepartments.

Task 1:

Toimplementtheoveralldesignofthevalueflow,youhavetotraintheproject

team members in Logistics and Financials. To describe the relationships in

automaticaccountdetermination,youhavetobeabletoexplainthetwokeyterms,

account category reference and valuationclass.

1. Explain theterm accountcategoryreference.

2. Explain the term valuation class.

3. Writedowntheaccountcategoryreferencesandpermittedvaluationclasses

thatareassignedforthefollowingmaterialtypesinthetrainingsystem.

Continued on next page

289

第 306 页 / 共 449 页

Unit5: LogisticsIntegration AC201

MaterialType AccountCategory AllowedValuationClasses

Ref.

ROH

FERT

HALB

4. Canthesevaluationclassesalsobeusedformaterialswithothermaterial

types?

5. Canonematerialtypebeassignedseveralaccountcategoryreferences?

Task 2:

ConfigurethesettingsforautomaticaccountdeterminationformaterialtypeROH.

Creation of the material master records for your new plant, AC##, hasalready

begun. First getanoverviewofthecurrent statusintheapplication. Youwant

to create a new valuation class to change the settings for automatic account

determination.

Define a new valuation class that is assigned to the existing account category

referenceforrawmaterials(0001). Sincethisaccountcategoryreferenceisalso

(still) assigned to material type ROH, this new valuation class is available for

material master recordswithmaterial type ROH.

1. DisplaythenewmaterialT-AC##(##=yourgroupnumber)inyourplant,

AC##.

Whichmaterialtypewasthismaterialassignedto?

Whichvaluationclassisassigned to thematerial?

Continued on next page

290

MaterialType	AccountCategory Ref.	AllowedValuationClasses
ROH
FERT
HALB

第 307 页 / 共 449 页

AC201 Lesson: Importance of Material and Material Type

2. Define anewvaluation class, VC## (## =your group number), with the

description“RawMaterialsAC##”(##=yourgroupnumber),andassignit

totheexistingaccountcategoryreferenceforrawmaterials(0001). Since

thisaccountcategoryreferenceisalso(still)assignedtomaterialtypeROH,

thisnewvaluationclassisavailableforinputforthematerialmasterrecords.

Assignthenewvaluationclass,VC##,toyourmaterial,T-AC##.

291