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1 1 SAP SD
C
ONFIGURATION
Chapter
The Sales and Distribution (SD) module is part of a logistic module that supports
customers starting from accepting a quotation from the customer until billing
the customer for products or services sold. This module is tightly integrated
with other modules like MM, PP, FI, etc.
Figure 11.1 shows a simple SD business process, where the SD, MM, and
FI modules are involved. In a complex business process, other SAP modules
are involved and integrated with the SD module to carry out the sales cycle.
Customer Order Picking Goods Issue
Final Payment Accounts Receivable Billing
FIGURE 11.1 SD business process
301
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302 CHAPTER 11 SAP SD CONFIGURATION
Table 11.1 lists simple SD configuration steps.
Description and Path T-code
1 IMG → Enterprise Structure → Definition → Sales SPRO
and Distribution → Define, copy, delete, check Sales
organization → Define Sales Organization
2 IMG → Enterprise Structure → Definition → Sales and SPRO
Distribution → Define, copy, delete, check distribution
channel → Define Distribution Channel
3 IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Sales and OVX3
Distribution → Assign sales organization to company code
4 IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Sales and OVXK
Distribution → Assign distribution channel to sales
organization
5 IMG → Enterprise Structure → Definition → Logistics– SPRO
General → Define, copy, delete, check division
6 IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Sales and OVXA
Distribution → Assign division to sales organization
7 IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Sales and OVXA
Distribution → Set up sales area
8 IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Sales and OVXG
Distribution → Assign sales organization → Distribution
channel → Plant
9 IMG → Enterprise Structure → Definition → Logistics SPRO
Execution → Define, copy, delete, check shipping point
10 IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Logistics OVXC
Execution → Assign shipping point to plant
11 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Master Data → Define VOR1
Common Distribution Channels
12 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Master Data → Define VOR2
Common Divisions
Continued
| Description and Path | T-code | |
| 1 | IMG → Enterprise Structure → Definition → Sales and Distribution → Define, copy, delete, check Sales organization → Define Sales Organization | SPRO |
| 2 | IMG → Enterprise Structure → Definition → Sales and Distribution → Define, copy, delete, check distribution channel → Define Distribution Channel | SPRO |
| 3 | IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Sales and Distribution → Assign sales organization to company code | OVX3 |
| 4 | IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Sales and Distribution → Assign distribution channel to sales organization | OVXK |
| 5 | IMG → Enterprise Structure → Definition → Logistics– General → Define, copy, delete, check division | SPRO |
| 6 | IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Sales and Distribution → Assign division to sales organization | OVXA |
| 7 | IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Sales and Distribution → Set up sales area | OVXA |
| 8 | IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Sales and Distribution → Assign sales organization → Distribution channel → Plant | OVXG |
| 9 | IMG → Enterprise Structure → Definition → Logistics Execution → Define, copy, delete, check shipping point | SPRO |
| 10 | IMG → Enterprise Structure → Assignment → Logistics Execution → Assign shipping point to plant | OVXC |
| 11 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Master Data → Define Common Distribution Channels | VOR1 |
| 12 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Master Data → Define Common Divisions | VOR2 |
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CHAPTER 11 SAP SD CONFIGURATION 303
Description and Path T-code
13 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Basic V/03
Functions → Pricing → Pricing Control → Define
Condition Tables
14 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Basic SPRO
Functions → Pricing → Pricing Control → Define
Condition Types
15 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Basic SPRO
Functions → Pricing → Pricing Control → Define Access
Sequences
16 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Basic SPRO
Functions → Pricing → Pricing Control → Define And
Assign Pricing Procedures
17 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales VOV8
Documents → Sales Document Header → Define Sales
Document Types
18 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales VN01
Documents → Sales Document Header → Define
Number Ranges For Sales Documents
19 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales SPRO
Documents → Sales Document Header → Assign Sales
Area To Sales Document Types
20 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales SPRO
Documents → Sales Document Item → Define Item
Categories
21 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales SPRO
Documents → Sales Document Item → Assign Item
Categories
22 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales VOV6
Documents → Schedule Lines → Define Schedule Line
Categories
TABLE 11.1 SD configuration steps
Continued
| Description and Path | T-code | |
| 13 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Basic Functions → Pricing → Pricing Control → Define Condition Tables | V/03 |
| 14 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Basic Functions → Pricing → Pricing Control → Define Condition Types | SPRO |
| 15 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Basic Functions → Pricing → Pricing Control → Define Access Sequences | SPRO |
| 16 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Basic Functions → Pricing → Pricing Control → Define And Assign Pricing Procedures | SPRO |
| 17 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales Documents → Sales Document Header → Define Sales Document Types | VOV8 |
| 18 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales Documents → Sales Document Header → Define Number Ranges For Sales Documents | VN01 |
| 19 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales Documents → Sales Document Header → Assign Sales Area To Sales Document Types | SPRO |
| 20 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales Documents → Sales Document Item → Define Item Categories | SPRO |
| 21 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales Documents → Sales Document Item → Assign Item Categories | SPRO |
| 22 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales Documents → Schedule Lines → Define Schedule Line Categories | VOV6 |
第 319 页 / 共 337 页
304 CHAPTER 11 SAP SD CONFIGURATION
Description and Path T-code
23 IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales SPRO
Documents → Schedule Lines → Assign Schedule Line
Categories
TABLE 11.1 SD configuration steps
| Description and Path | T-code | |
| 23 | IMG → Sales and Distribution → Sales → Sales Documents → Schedule Lines → Assign Schedule Line Categories | SPRO |
第 320 页 / 共 337 页
I
NDEX
A document types in, 48
AAM (Account Assignment Model), due date calculation in, 44–45
25–26 GR/IR accounts in, 47
ABAP (Advanced Business Application house banks in, 50
Programming), 110 issues and resolutions in, 135–143
ABAP programs, 91–92 journal entries from receipt of goods
ABC (activity-based costing), 68 to vendor payment, 46–47
access sequences, 88 linking customers and vendors in, 50
Account Assignment Model (AAM), m ultiple customers and vendors in, 143
25–26 multiple payments in, 142–143
“Account currency” option, 26 number ranges on vendor accounts
account-based Profi tability Analysis, in, 52
85–86 petty expenses in, 140
accounts posting multiple customers in, 143
groups of, 21, 101 quick tour of, 240–247
IDs for, 38 reference fi elds in, 51
types of, 118 sensitive fi elds in, 49
Accounts Payable (FI-AP) spoiled or torn checks in, 135
alternative payees in, 51–52 tables in, 135–136, 294
automatic payment programs in, TDS in, 137–138
45–50 updating payment documents with
bills of exchange discounting in, 141 check numbers in, 138–139
“changes for vendor not confi rmed” user transaction codes in, 192–198
error in, 140–141 vendor down payments in, 139
check printing in, 141–142 vendor masters in, 48–49, 52
clearing two General Ledgers in, 51 vendors requesting separate bank
confi guring, 163–168 accounts in, 136–137
discount bases in, 137 withholding taxes in, 46–47, 137–138
305
第 321 页 / 共 337 页
306 INDEX
Accounts Receivable (FI-AR) confi guring, 174–177
bank type in, 54 depreciation in, 54–57, 61, 63–65
certifi cation questions on, 108 history sheets in, 62
confi guring, 168–170 masters in, 55–56, 64
dunning in, 52–53 multiple assets in, 58–59
quick tour of, 240–247 organization structure in, 60
subledgers in, 54 periodic processing in, 62–63
tables in, 293 posting periods in, 63
user transaction codes in, 199–204 p reparing for production startup in, 62
vendor masters, bank types in, 54 quick tour of, 247–252
accrual, 66 retiring assets in, 59–60
acquisition and production costs sub asset masters in, 55–56
(APCs), 60 tables in, 294
activity dependent vs. activity T-code AS01 in, 56
independent costs, 78–79 uploading assets in, 56
activity types, 71, 74 Asset Accounting in FICO, 10
activity-based costing (ABC), 68 Assets Management
Advanced Business Application asset masters in, 148
Programming (ABAP), 110 capitalizing assets in, 146–147, 154
ALE (application linking and creating assets in, 147
enabling), 93 data migration in, 143
allocation structures, 72 depreciable bases in, 153
alternative account numbers, 132–133 depreciation, calculating, 151–152
alternative payees, 51–52 depreciation adjustments in, 149
alternative profi t center hierarchies, 117 depreciation areas in, 148, 154–155
APCs (acquisition and production Depreciation Areas pop-up screen
costs), 60 in, 152
application in SAP environments, 11 depreciation keys in, 147, 149, 151
application linking and enabling depreciation runs in, 144, 145–146,
(ALE), 93 149–150
ASAP Roadmap, 1–2 depreciation start dates in, 154
assessment, 72, 74 issues and resolutions in, 143–155
Asset Accounting (FI-AA) JPG attachments in, 150
acquiring assets in, 59–60, 64 parallel currencies in, 154–155
asset classes in, 55, 58 posting in fi scal years through, 145
chart of accounts vs. depreciation, 64 purchases made during closed fi scal
company code in, 56–57 years, 150–151
第 322 页 / 共 337 页
INDEX 307
retiring assets in, 148 batch data conversion (BDC) sessions, 8
SD module and sale of assets in, 146 bills of exchange discounting, 141
transferring assets between classes, blocking, 103
143–144 budgets, 82–84
unplanned depreciation in, 148 business areas
user transaction codes in, 143–155, certifi cation questions on, 99,
205–209 108–110
warranty information in, 152–153 in Enterprise Structure, 22
year closings in, 147 i n General Ledger accounting, 35, 132
year-end closing process in, 144 profi t centers vs., 68
Assignment fi eld, 15 Business Blueprint phase, 1
automatic payment programs Business One, 9–10
advance vendor payments in, 50 Business Workfl ow, 91–92
certifi cation questions on, 104–105,
111–113
confi guring, 45–46 C
in FICO, 275–276 capitalizing assets, 146–147, 154
in General Ledger accounting, cash journals (CJs)
134–135 confi guring cash discount terms in, 40
running, 49 defi ned, 39
spoiled or torn checks in, 135 in General Ledger accounting, 39–41
testing, 48–49 held documents in, 40
vendors requesting separate bank multiple, 40–41
accounts in, 136–137 parked documents in, 40
automating T-code reversal reversing cleared documents in, 40
procedures, 132 catch-up method for distributing
availability control, 83 depreciation, 63
certifi cation answers, 123–126
certifi cation questions
B on ABAP, 110
Bank Accounting (FI-BL), 171–174 on accounts, 101, 102, 118
bank accounts, 25 on Accounts Receivable vs. Accounts
bank IDs, 38 Payable, 108
bank keys, 38 on alternative profi t center
bank reconciliations, 269–271 hierarchies, 117
bank types, 54 on automatic payment programs,
baseline dates, 33–34, 97 104–105, 111–113
第 323 页 / 共 337 页
308 INDEX
on baseline dates, 97 on logons screens, 109
on blocking, 103 on message bars, 109
on business areas, 99, 108–110 on multiple company codes, 95, 97
on clearing documents, 97 on mySAP ERP, 104, 116
on company codes, 108–110, on negative reversals, 119
116–117, 122 on number ranges, 101
on confi guration menus, 110 on one-time vendor master
on controlling areas, 116 records, 103
on Controlling modules, 120 on open item managed accounts, 121
on costing-based CO-PA tables, 116 on opening multiple sessions, 98
on credit control areas, 117 on operating charts of accounts,
on cross-company document 100–101
numbers, 107 on parked documents, 110–111, 120
on currencies, 98–99, 107, 121 on payment runs, 105, 113
on customer masters, 101–104, 119 on period ranges, 97
on data types in SAP, 110 on posting FI documents, 106–107
on database servers, 98 on posting keys, 96, 119, 120
on depreciation, 106 on posting periods, 97, 123
on documents, 96, 102, 111, 119–121 on posting to vendors, 120, 123
on doubtful receivables, 114 on purchase orders, 118
on down payment requests, 98, 107 on purchase organizations, 116
on dunning, 105–106, 108, 114 on reconciliation, 98, 101, 122
on duplicate vendors, 96 on retained earnings accounts, 99, 100
on employee tolerance, 98, 119 on reversal documents, 107
on FI documents, 118 on sample accounts, 102
on fi eld status groups, 100, 104, 122 on SAP R/3, 98, 108–109,
on fi nancial statement versions, 106 111–113, 122
on fi scal years, 99, 118, 121 on saving open sessions, 110
on foreign currency valuation, 114 on SD billing documents, 117
on G/L accounts, 95, 100–103, on selection variants, 116
117, 122 on shortened fi scal years, 99
on G/L masters, 95–96, 101 on special G/L transactions, 107, 123
on GR/IR clearing, 111 on statistical order, 117
on house bank IDs, 102, 120 on taxes, 121–123
on leading and nonleading ledgers, 118 on validation checks, 122
on line item management, 121 on vendor masters, 101–103, 107,
on line layout, 108 119–120
第 324 页 / 共 337 页
INDEX 309
“changes for vendor not confi rmed” in Enterprise Structure, 17
error, 140–141 in FI structure, 15
characteristics, 84–85 in General Ledger accounting, 27, 30
charts of accounts (COAs) G/L accounts in, 122
assigning, 13–14 global settings, 18–19
charts of depreciation vs., 64 as organizational unit, 12
copying, 12 in sales and distribution, 87
in Enterprise Structure, 22 vendors in, 127–128
in General Ledger accounting, 27, condition techniques, 88
30–31 confi gurable materials, 90
check printing, 141–142 confi guration
CJs (cash journals). See cash journals (CJs) of Accounts Payable, 163–168
clearing documents, 97 of Accounts Receivable, 168–170
clearing General Ledgers, 51 of Assets Accounting, 174–177
clients, 5–6 of Bank Accounting, 171–174
CO (Controlling Area), 12, 65–66, 177. of cash discount terms, 40
See also Controlling module (CO) of Controlling Area, 177
CO (Controlling module). S ee of Cost Center Accounting, 177–179
Controlling module (CO) of Enterprise Structure, 159–161
COAs (charts of accounts). S ee charts of of General Ledger accounting,
accounts (COAs) 161–163
CO-CCA (Cost Center Accounting). of Internal Order, 179–180
See Cost Center Accounting menus, 110
(CO-CCA) overview of, 159
CO-CEL (Cost Element Accounting), of Product Costing, 183–185
69–70 of Profi t Center Accounting, 181
CO-IO (Internal Order). S ee Internal of Profi tability Analysis, 182–183
Order (CO-IO) requests, 5–6
Company, 15–17 in SAP generally, 11, 159
company codes consignment stocks, 89
i n assets organization structure, 60–61 consolidation, 17
on automatic payment programs, 45 contracts vs. scheduling agreements, 90
business areas in, 22–23 Controlling Area (CO), 65–66, 116, 177
certifi cation questions on, 108–109, Controlling module (CO)
116, 117 accrual in, 66
controlling areas and, 65, 110 activity-based costing in, 68
depreciation areas in, 56 business areas vs. profi t centers in, 68
第 325 页 / 共 337 页
310 INDEX
certifi cation questions on, 120 activity-dependent vs. independent
components of, 67 costs in, 78–79
controlling area in, 65 allocation structures in, 72
copying, 12 assessment in, 72–74
FI module vs., 68–69 correcting vs. reversing documents
imputed cost calculations in, 78 in, 156
managerial vs. fi nancial accounting, 66 cost centers in, 73–75
overhead costs in, 67 cycles in, 75–76
PCA in, 68 depreciation expenses in, 75
periodic allocations to, 77 direct internal activity allocations in,
primary costs posted to, 69 77–78
quick tour of, 252–254 distribution in, 72, 155–156
submodules in, 67 imputed cost calculations in, 78
tables in, 295 Internal Order vs., 73
term cost objects in, 67 iterative vs. cumulative cycle process-
transaction-based postings to, 77 ing in, 77–78
work breakdown structures and, 68–69 periodic allocations in, 77
CO-PA (Profi tability Analysis). See quick tour of, 255–256
Profi tability Analysis (CO-PC) reconciliation ledgers in, 78
CO-PC (Product Costing). See Product reposting in, 71–73
Cost Accounting (CO-PC) segments in, 75–76
CO-PCA (Profi t Center Accounting). selecting statistical objects and, 66
See Profi t Center Accounting sender vs. receiver cost elements and
(CO-PCA) centers, 71
copying charts of accounts (COAs), 12 standard hierarchy in, 72–73
correcting vs. reversing documents, 156 statistical key fi gures in, 71, 73, 74
Cost and Revenue Element Accounting, transaction-based postings in, 77
11, 80 variance analysis in, 77
Cost Center Accounting (CO-CCA) cost centers vs. profi t centers, 79
information systems in, 217 Cost Element Accounting (CO-CEL)
maintenance of master data in, as CO submodule, 67
211–214 interview questions on, 69–70
tables in, 295 quick tour of, 254
transaction codes in, 177–179 user transaction codes in, 209–211
transactions in, 214–217 costing-based CO-PA tables, 116
Cost Center Accounting (FI-CCA) country charts of accounts (COAs), 22
activity types in, 71, 74 credit control areas, 15, 87, 117
第 326 页 / 共 337 页
INDEX 311
cross-company document numbers, 107 development servers (DEVs), 2
currencies, 24, 98–99, 107 DEVs (development servers), 2
currency transaction rates, 121 direct internal activity allocations,
custom transaction codes, 9 77–78
customer masters, 101–104, 119 discount bases, 137
customizing cash journals, 32–33 distribution
cycles in Cost Center Accounting, 75–76 assessment methods vs., 155–156
in Cost Center Accounting, 72
of forecast depreciation, 63
D sales and. See sales and
data migration, 143 distribution (SD)
data types, 12, 110 document identifi cation, 102
database servers, 98 document types
depreciable bases, 153 in Accounts Payable, 48
depreciation certifi cation questions on, 96, 119
adjustments, 149 in General Ledger accounting,
areas. See depreciation areas 28, 39, 157
calculating, 151–152 documents
catch-up method for distributing, 63 in Controlling modules, 69
certifi cation questions on, 106 currency fi elds in, 41
expense allocation, 75 dates of, 120
keys. See depreciation keys deleting entries, 35
method types, 56 line items in, 121
runs, 144–146, 149–150 number ranges in, 111
smoothing method for numbers of, 102
distributing, 63 splitting, 288–289
start dates, 154 types of. See document types
types supported by systems, 63 doubtful receivables, 114
depreciation areas down payments, 98, 107, 278–279
in assets accounting, 57, 64–65 drop-down lists, 127–128
in Assets Management, 148, 154–155 due date calculations, 44–45
pop-up screen, 152 dummy profi t centers, 79, 156
depreciation keys dunning
in assets accounting, 54–55, 65 in Accounts Receivable, 52–53
in Assets Management, 147, 149, 151 certifi cation questions on, 105–106,
derivations, characteristic, 85 108, 114
derived depreciation areas, 63 duplicate vendors, 96
第 327 页 / 共 337 页
312 INDEX
E credit control area in, 15
Easy Access Menu, 7–8 documents in, 118
employee tolerance, 28–29, 98, 119 organizational unit of, 12
EMU (European Economic and quick tour of, 230–232
Monetary Union), 24 SAP Enjoy screens vs., 14–15
Enjoy screens, 14–15 Sort key and Assignment fi eld in, 15
Enterprise IMG, 3 submodules of, 12–13
Enterprise Structure (FI-ES) substitution in, 15
account groups in, 21 validation in, 15
business areas in, 22 FI-AA (Financial Information-
charts of accounts in, 22 Asset Accounting). See Asset
company code in, 17–19 Accounting (FI-AA)
Company fi eld in, 17 FI-AP (Financial Information-Accounts
confi guring, 159–161 Payable). See Accounts Payable
fi eld status group in, 20 (FI-AP)
fi nancial statement versions in, 23 FI-AR (Financial Information-Accounts
fi scal year variants in, 16–18, 23 Receivable). See Accounts
organizational structure of, 15–16 Receivable (FI-AR)
participating vs. nonparticipating FI-BL (Financial Information-Bank
currencies in, 24 Accounting), 171–174
screens of charts of accounts in, FI-CCA (Financial Information-Cost
19–20 Center Accounting). See Cost
special periods in fi scal year in, 16 Center Accounting (FI-CCA)
tables in, 291–292 FICO
European Economic and Monetary Accounts Payable in, 240–247
Union (EMU), 24 Accounts Receivable in, 240–247
external number ranges, 31–32 Asset Accounting in, 247–252
automatic payment programs in,
275–276
F bank reconciliations in, 269–271
FB50, 60, and 70, 14–15, 143 CO module and, 230
FI (Financial Information) module confi guring, 10–11
accrued costs in, 14 Controlling Area in, 252–254
assigning charts of accounts in, 13–14 Cost Center Accounting in, 255–256
CO module vs., 68–69 Cost Element Accounting in, 254
Company Code in, 12 FI module and, 230–232
copying company code in, 13 foreign currencies in, 265–266
第 328 页 / 共 337 页
INDEX 313
G/L accounting in, 232–239 fi scal years, 17–18, 118, 121
intercompany transactions in, FI-SL (Special Ledgers), 13, 34–35,
266–269 41–42
Internal Order in, 257–258 fi xed asset depreciation, 55
lockbox confi guration in, 271–272 foreign currencies, 114, 265–266
made to order in, 280–281 FSGs (fi eld status groups). See fi eld
order to cash in, 279–280 status groups (FSGs)
procedure-to-pay in, 277–278 FSVs (fi nancial statement versions).
Product Cost Controlling in, 263 See fi nancial statement versions
Profi t Center Accounting in, 261–263 (FSVs)
Profi tability Analysis in, 258–261 functional specifi cations, 3
revenue recognition in, 273–275
SAP and, 229–230
summarization levels in, 281–283 G
three-way matches in, 276–277 gap analysis, 9
vendor down payments and clearing general controlling. See Controlling
in, 278–279 module (CO)
fi eld status groups (FSGs) General Ledger accounting (FI-GL)
at company code level, 122 Account Assignment Model in, 25–26
defi ned, 20 “Account currency” option in, 26
in G/L masters, 22, 38, 104 account IDs in, 38, 100
in posting to G/L accounts, 100 account numbers in, 95, 132–133
FI-ES (Financial Information- accounts groups in, 100
Enterprise Structure). See automatic payment programs in,
Enterprise Structure (FI-ES) 134–135
FI-MM (Financial Information- Material automating T-code reversal
Management). S ee Material procedures, 132
Management (FI-MM) bank accounts in, 25, 100
Fin Stat Versions, 12 banks in, 38
Final Preparation phase, 2 baseline dates in, 33–34
Financial Information. S ee FI (Financial business areas in, 35, 132
Information) module cash discount terms in, 40
fi nancial statement versions (FSVs) cash journals in, 39–41
certifi cation questions on, 106 changing fi elds in, 35
defi ned, 12, 23–24 charts of accounts in, 27
in Enterprise Structure, 23 company codes in, 27, 30, 122
in General Ledger accounting, 30 confi guring, 161–163
第 329 页 / 共 337 页
314 INDEX
controlling number ranges and “Only balances in local crcy” option
master fi eld status, 117 in, 26
cost elements in, 122 open item clearing transactions in,
currency types, 24 128–129
customizing cash journals in, 32–33 open item management in, 24,
deleting document entries in, 35 130–131
document currency fi elds in, 41 parked documents in, 33, 40
document types in, 28, 39, 157 part payments in, 31
drop-down lists in, 127–128 posting in, 27–30, 39, 131
employee tolerance groups in, 28–29 primary cost elements in, 117
external number ranges in, 31–32 purchase orders in, 25
F-03 screens in, 129 quick tour of, 232–239
fi eld status groups in, 38 reclassifying accounts in, 133–134
FI-MM integration in, 36–38 reconciliation accounts in, 30
fi nancial statement versions in, 30 recurring entries in, 25–26
held documents in, 40 residual payments in, 31
identifying documents in, 39 reversals in, 42–43
internal number ranges in, 31–32 reversing cleared documents in, 40
issues and resolutions in, sample documents in, 25–26
128–135, 157 segments of master records in, 30–31
line items in documents in, 39 special G/L transactions in, 34
local currency fi elds in, 41 special periods in fi scal year in, 27
masters in, 95–96, 101 special purpose ledgers in, 34–35,
MIGO transactions in, 128 41–42
missing document numbers in, 134 substitutions in, 27
multiple cash journals in, 40–41 tables in, 292–293
multiple company codes in charts of tolerance groups in, 39
accounts, 103 user transaction codes in, 187–192
multiple groups in charts of validations in, 27
accounts, 103 G/L (General Ledger) accounting.
negative reversals in, 42–43 See General Ledger accounting
New G/L vs. See New G/L (General (FI-GL)
Ledger) Go-Live & Support phase, 2
nonactivated line item displays in, GR/IR (good receipts/invoice receipts),
129–130 47, 111
normal reversals in, 42–43 group charts of accounts (COAs),
noted items in, 43–44 13–14, 22
第 330 页 / 共 337 页
INDEX 315
H internal tables, 92
held documents, 40, 246 International Demonstration and
house banks Education System
in Accounts Payable, 50 (IDES), 11
defi ned, 38 interviews, 1
IDs of, 102, 120 invoice receipts in GR/IR, 47, 111
in mySAP Financial, 242 issues and resolutions
in Accounts Payable, 135–143
in Assets Management, 143–155
I in Cost Center Accounting,
identifying documents, 39 155–156
IDES (International Demonstration and in General Ledger accounting,
Education System), 11 128–135, 157
IDOCs (intermediate documents), 93 introduction to, 127
IMG (image fi les), 3, 10–11, 41–42 in Profi t Center Accounting, 156
implementation roadmap, 1–3 in SAP generally, 127–128
imputed cost calculations, 78 item category groups, 88
inquiry vs. quotations, 87 iterative vs. cumulative cycle
intercompany transactions, 266–269 processing, 77–78
intermediate documents
(IDOCs), 92
internal number ranges, 31–32 J
Internal Order (CO-IO) journal entries, 46–47
availability control in, 83 JPG attachments, 150
budgets in, 82–84
confi guring, 179–180
defi ned, 80 L
introduction to, 66 leading and nonleading ledgers, 118
order type and categories in, 81 ledgers. See General Ledger accounting
planning profi les in, 82 (FI-GL); Special Ledgers
quick tour of, 257–258 (FI-SL)
reference vs. model orders in, 83 line items, 39, 121
settlement in, 82–84 line layout, 108
statistical orders in, 84 linking customers and vendors, 50
status management in, 84 local currency fi elds, 41
user transaction codes in, lockbox confi guration, 271–272
217–220 logons screens, 109
第 331 页 / 共 337 页
316 INDEX
M New G/L in. See New G/L (General
made to order, 280–281 Ledger)
managerial vs. fi nancial accounting, 66 noted items in, 43–44
master data, 12 parked documents in, 246–247
Material Management (FI-MM) reversals in, 42–43
confi gurable materials in, 90 tracking master changes in, 104
consignment stocks in, 89 transactions with business partners
contracts vs. scheduling agreements in, 246
in, 90 mySAP Financial
integration of, 36–38 clearing open items in, 238
module, 297–299 fi nancial statement versions in, 235
purchase requisitions in, 90 house banks in, 242
special stocks in, 89 translation ratios in, 235
standard vs. moving average prices in, variant principle in, 230
90–91
materials requirements planning
(MRP), 89 N
menu paths, 7 native SQL, 91
message bars, 109 negative reversals, 42–43, 119
MIGO transactions, 128 New G/L (General Ledger)
missing document numbers, 134 document splitting in, 288–289
MM (Material Management). See issues and resolutions in, 157
Material Management (FI-MM) overview of, 285–288
model orders, 83 user transaction codes in, 289
moving average prices, 90–91 nonactivated line item displays, 129–130
MRP (materials requirements nonparticipating vs. participating
planning), 89 currencies, 24
multiple assets, 58–59 normal reversals, 42–43
multiple cash journals, 40–41 number ranges, 6–7, 52, 101
multiple company codes, 95–97
multiple payments, 142–143
mySAP ERP O
automatic payment programs in, 104 one-time vendor master records, 103
certifi cation questions on, 116 “Only balances in local crcy” option, 26
FI module in, 116 open items, 24, 121, 128–131
fi scal year variants in, 118 Open SQL vs. native SQL, 91
hold documents in, 246 opening multiple sessions, 98
第 332 页 / 共 337 页
INDEX 317
operating charts of accounts (COAs), POs (purchase orders), 25, 118
100–101 posting
operating concerns, 65 certifi cation questions on, 97
operational accounts, 13–14 documents, 15, 106–107
operational charts of accounts in fi scal years, 145
(COAs), 22 keys, 29–30, 96, 119–120
order categories, 81 multiple customers, 143
order to cash (OTC), 279–280 periods, 27–28, 63, 123
order type, 81 rules, 131
organizational structures, 15–16 SAP Enjoy screens vs., 14–15
organizational units, 12 variants, 39
overhead costs, 67 to vendors, 120, 123
PR (purchase requisitions), 90
primary cost elements, 68–70
P procedure-to-pay (P2P), 277–278
parallel currencies, 154–155 Product Cost Accounting (CO-PC)
parked documents confi guring, 183–185
certifi cation questions on, costing variants in, 86–87
110–111, 120 module function in, 87
in FI modules, 15 user transaction codes in,
in General Ledger accounting, 226–228
33, 40 Product Cost Controlling, 263
in mySAP ERP, 246–247 production, 6, 60–62
part payments, 31 Profi t Center Accounting (CO-PCA)
participating vs. nonparticipating confi guring, 181
currencies, 24 cost and revenue fl ow to, 80
payments, 105, 113, 136–137 cost centers vs. profi t centers
PCA (Profi t Center Accounting). in, 79
See Profi t Center Accounting dummy profi t centers in, 79, 156
(CO-PCA) issues and resolutions in, 156
period ranges, 97 for period-based accounting and
periodic allocations, 77 fi nancial statements, 68
periodic processing, 62–63 quick tour of, 261–263
periodic reposting, 71–72 selecting statistical objects in, 66
petty expenses, 140 tables in, 296
planning profi les, 82 user transaction codes in, 156,
Plant, 12 220–224
第 333 页 / 共 337 页
318 INDEX
profi t centers, 79 resolutions to issues. See issues and
Profi tability Analysis (CO-PC) resolutions
account-based vs. costing-based, retained earnings accounts, 99–100
85–86 retiring assets, 148
characteristic derivation in, 85 revenue fl ow, 80
characteristics in, 84–85 revenue recognition, 273–275
confi guring, 182–183 reversals
quick tour of, 258–261 of cleared documents, 40
summarization levels in, 281–283 of depreciation postings, 61
tables in, 296 documents for, 107
user transaction codes in, in General Ledger accounting, 42–43
224–226 roadmap. See ASAP Roadmap
value fi elds in, 85
Project IMG, 3
Project Preparation phase, 1 S
purchase orders (POs), 25, 118 sales and distribution (SD)
purchase organizations, 116 access sequence in, 88
purchase requisitions, 90 in Assets Management, 146
billing documents, 117
company codes in, 87
Q condition techniques in, 88
quality assurance servers (QASs), 2, 6 credit control area in, 87
quick tour of FICO submodules. inquiry vs. quotations in, 87
See FICO item category groups in, 88
module, 301–304
organizational elements of, 88
R organizations for, 12
Realization phase, 1 sales organizations, 12
reclassifying accounts, 133–134 sample accounts, 102
reconciliation accounts, 30, 101, 122 sample documents, 25–26
reconciliation ledgers, 78, 98 SAP. See also SAP R/3; SAP solutions
recurring entries, 25–26 account types in, 118
reference fi elds, 51 ALE and, 93
Reference IMG, 3 Business One in, 9–10, 276
reference orders vs. model orders, 83 Business Workfl ow in, 91–92
reposting, 72–73 confi guring software. See
residual payments, 31 confi guration
第 334 页 / 共 337 页
INDEX 319
data types in, 110 Profi t Center Accounting transaction
depreciation template in, 247 codes in, 220–224
dunning in, 114 scrap values in, 252
Easy Access Menu in, 7–8, 187–194, summarization concept in, 281–283
225–228 systems, 98
Enjoy screens in, 14 tickets in, 127
FI module in. See FI (Financial tiers in, 108
Information) module variant principle in, 230
FICO. See FICO SAP solutions. See also SAP; SAP R/3
IM module in, 90 Accounts Payable in, 135–143
issues and resolutions in, 127–128 asset history sheets in, 62
MM module in, 297–299 Assets Management in, 143–155
SD module in, 301–304 bank reconciliations in, 270
tables in, 291–296 BDC batch sessions in, 3
SAP R/3. See also SAP; SAP solutions budget profi les in, 82–83
Assets Management transaction codes business areas in, 35
in, 205–209 condition techniques in, 88
certifi cation questions on, 116 Cost Center Accounting in, 155–156
CO documents in, 254 credit control area in, 117
company codes in, 109 currencies in, 24
Company fi eld in, 17 data types in, 3
condition techniques in, 88 depreciation adjustments in, 251
Cost Center Accounting transaction document types in, 28, 39
codes in, 211–217 down payments in, 278
Cost Element Accounting transaction FICO in, 229
codes in, 209–211 fi eld status groups in, 20
credit control area in, 87 fi scal year variants in, 17
database servers in, 98 foreign currencies in, 265
depreciation areas in, 247, 249 General Ledger accounting in,
documents in, 111–113 128–135
gap analysis in, 9 intercompany transactions in,
IDOC and, 93 267–269
implementation roadmap for, 1–2 issues and resolutions in, 127–128
Internal Order in, 217–220, 257–258 item category groups in, 88
line items in, 122 life cycle in, 84
menus in, 109 lockbox confi guration in, 272
moving average prices, 91 made to order in, 280
第 335 页 / 共 337 页
320 INDEX
mySAP ERP. S ee mySAP ERP special G/L transactions, 34, 107, 123
New G/L in, 157 Special Ledgers (FI-SL), 13, 34–35,
Open SQL and, 91 41–42
P2P cycle in, 278 special periods in fi scal year, 16, 27
payment terms in, 242 special stocks, 89
posting keys in, 29–30 specs (specifi cations), 3
Profi t Center Accounting in, 156 spoiled or torn checks, 135
revenue recognition in, 274 standard hierarchy, 72–73
reversal depreciation posting in, 61 standard vs. moving average prices,
reversals in, 43 90–91
self-defi ned transaction codes statistical key fi gures (SKFs), 71–74
in, 3–5 statistical order, 84, 117
structures vs., 91–92 status management, 84
uploading assets in, 56 structures, 92
vendor masters in, 103 sub assets, 55–56, 60–61
saving open sessions, 110 subledgers, 54
scheduling agreements, 90 submodules of FICO. See FICO
scrap values, 252 substitutions, 15, 27
screens of charts of accounts (COAs), summarization levels, 281–283
19–20 system landscape, 2
SD (sales and distribution). S ee sales
and distribution (SD)
secondary cost elements, 69–70 T
segments, 30–31, 75–76 “table TO43G missing” error,
selecting statistical objects, 66 135–136
selection variants, 116 tables
self-defi ned transaction codes, 3–5 in Accounts Payable, 294
sender vs. receiver cost elements and in Accounts Receivable, 293
centers, 71 in Assets Management, 294
sensitive fi elds, 49 in Controlling module, 295
settlements, 82–84 in Cost Center Accounting, 295
shortened fi scal years, 99 data in, 12
SKFs (statistical key fi gures), 71–74 in Enterprise Structure, 291–292
smoothing method for distributing in General Ledger accounting,
depreciation, 63 292–293
Sort key, 15 introduction to, 291
第 336 页 / 共 337 页
INDEX 321
in Profi t Center Accounting, 296 uploading assets, 56
in Profi tability Analysis, 296 user transaction codes. See also
taxes, 121–123 transaction codes
TDS (withholding tax), 137–138 in Accounts Payable, 192–198
technical questions in Accounts Receivable, 199–204
ALE, 93 in Assets Management, 205–209
IDOC, 92 in Cost Center Accounting,
internal tables, 92 211–217
Open SQL vs. native SQL, 91 in Cost Element Accounting,
structures, 92 209–211
transaction code use, 92 in General Ledger accounting,
workfl ows, 91–92 187–192
technical specifi cations, 3 in Internal Order, 217–220
term cost objects, 67 introduction to, 187
three-way matches, 276–277 in New G/L, 289
tickets, 127 in Product Costing, 226–228
tolerance groups, 39 in Profi t Center Accounting,
transaction codes. See also user 220–224
transaction codes in Profi tability Analysis, 224–226
custom, 9
fi nding, 8–9
menu paths and, 7 V
self-defi ned, 3–5 validations, 15, 27, 122
for tickets, 127 valuations, 36
time span of use of, 92 value fi elds, 85
in TSTC tables, 9 variance analysis, 77
transactional data, 12 vendor down payments, 139, 278–279
transaction-based postings, 77 vendor masters
transferring assets between classes, bank types in, 54
143–144 certifi cation questions on, 101–103
creating, 103–104, 119–120
preventing duplicate, 52
U records in, 107
unplanned depreciation, 148 segments in, 48
updating payment documents with sensitive fi elds in, 49
check numbers, 138–139 vendors, 127–128, 136–137
第 337 页 / 共 337 页
322 INDEX
W Y
warranty information, 152–153 year closings, 147
WBSs (work breakdown structures), year-dependent fi scal years,
68–69 18, 23, 99
withholding taxes, 46–47 year-end closing
work breakdown structures (WBSs), process, 144
68–69 year-specifi c fi scal year
workfl ows, 91–92 variants, 16