AC410_EN_Col52_FV_Inst_A4 (第4页) | ERP软件技术分享

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AC410 Lesson: Entering Primary Postings

Exercise 7: Entering Primary Postings

103

Exercise Duration: 20 Minutes

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• EnterprimarypostingsinFinancialAccounting, withaccountassignment

to cost centers.

Business Example

Yourprojectteamhascompletedmasterdatamaintenance. Youcannowassign

theexpensesinFinancialAccountingascoststothecostcentersinControlling.

Task:

Solve the following task:

1. EnterthegeneralledgeraccountpostingsintoFinancialAccountingusing

companycode1000,today'sdateandtheEURcurrency. Choosethescreen

variant“Withcostcenter”,andpostthefollowingdata:

G/L account D/C Amount Tax Cost

code Center

473120 (telephone Debit 8,000 V0 101##

costs)

430000(salaries) ” 5,000 201##

” ” 20,000 202##

” ” 20,000 203##

” ” 200,000 301##

” ” 150,000 302##

476000 (office ” 3,000 V0 301##

supplies)

476100(ITsupplies) ” 15,000 V0 202##

475000(vehiclecosts) ” 100,000 V0 203##

Continued on next page

113

G/L account	D/C	Amount	Tax code	Cost Center
473120 (telephone costs)	Debit	8,000	V0	101##
430000(salaries)	”	5,000		201##
”	”	20,000		202##
”	”	20,000		203##
”	”	200,000		301##
”	”	150,000		302##
476000 (office supplies)	”	3,000	V0	301##
476100(ITsupplies)	”	15,000	V0	202##
475000(vehiclecosts)	”	100,000	V0	203##

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

G/L account D/C Amount Tax Cost

code Center

476400(trainingcosts) ” 12,000 V0 301##

” ” 15,000 V0 302##

113100(Bank) Credit 548,000 --- ---

Ensure that you note down the document number.

_______________________

114

G/L account	D/C	Amount	Tax code	Cost Center
476400(trainingcosts)	”	12,000	V0	301##
”	”	15,000	V0	302##
113100(Bank)	Credit	548,000	---	---

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AC410 Lesson: Entering Primary Postings

Solution 7: Entering Primary Postings

Task:

Solve the following task:

1. EnterthegeneralledgeraccountpostingsintoFinancialAccountingusing

companycode1000,today'sdateandtheEURcurrency. Choosethescreen

variant“Withcostcenter”,andpostthefollowingdata:

G/L account D/C Amount Tax Cost

code Center

473120 (telephone Debit 8,000 V0 101##

costs)

430000(salaries) ” 5,000 201##

” ” 20,000 202##

” ” 20,000 203##

” ” 200,000 301##

” ” 150,000 302##

476000 (office ” 3,000 V0 301##

supplies)

476100(ITsupplies) ” 15,000 V0 202##

475000(vehiclecosts) ” 100,000 V0 203##

476400(trainingcosts) ” 12,000 V0 301##

” ” 15,000 V0 302##

113100(Bank) Credit 548,000 --- ---

Continued on next page

115

G/L account	D/C	Amount	Tax code	Cost Center
473120 (telephone costs)	Debit	8,000	V0	101##
430000(salaries)	”	5,000		201##
”	”	20,000		202##
”	”	20,000		203##
”	”	200,000		301##
”	”	150,000		302##
476000 (office supplies)	”	3,000	V0	301##
476100(ITsupplies)	”	15,000	V0	202##
475000(vehiclecosts)	”	100,000	V0	203##
476400(trainingcosts)	”	12,000	V0	301##
”	”	15,000	V0	302##
113100(Bank)	Credit	548,000	---	---

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Ensure that you note down the document number.

_______________________

a) Accounting→FinancialAccounting→GeneralLedger→Posting

→ Enter G/L Account document

Fieldnameordataclass Values

Document date current

Currency EUR

Process→ScreenVariant→SelectScreenVariant

Screenvariant: “Withcostcenter”(Z_WITHCOSTCENTER).

G/L account D/C Amount Tax Cost

code Center

473120 (telephone Debit 8,000 V0 101##

costs)

430000(salaries) ” 5,000 201##

” ” 20,000 202##

” ” 20,000 203##

” ” 200,000 301##

” ” 150,000 302##

476000 (office ” 3,000 V0 301##

supplies)

476100(ITsupplies) ” 15,000 V0 202##

475000 (vehicle ” 100,000 V0 203##

costs)

476400 (training ” 12,000 V0 301##

costs)

” ” 15,000 V0 302##

113100(Bank) Credit 548,000 --- ---

Save your data.

116

Fieldnameordataclass	Values
Document date	current
Currency	EUR

G/L account	D/C	Amount	Tax code	Cost Center
473120 (telephone costs)	Debit	8,000	V0	101##
430000(salaries)	”	5,000		201##
”	”	20,000		202##
”	”	20,000		203##
”	”	200,000		301##
”	”	150,000		302##
476000 (office supplies)	”	3,000	V0	301##
476100(ITsupplies)	”	15,000	V0	202##
475000 (vehicle costs)	”	100,000	V0	203##
476400 (training costs)	”	12,000	V0	301##
”	”	15,000	V0	302##
113100(Bank)	Credit	548,000	---	---

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AC410 Lesson: Entering Primary Postings

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Executetransactionsinsourceapplicationsandviewtheeffect

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Lesson: Reports in Cost Center Accounting

Lesson Duration: 20 Minutes

108

Lesson Overview

The report menu is displayed. You willsee examples of astandard report and

familiarize yourself with the possibilities offered by interactive information

systems.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Run totals reports and line item reports and explain additional functions

in the information system.

YoucanfindmoreinformationintheInstructorGuideinSAPNet.

IG p 28

Business Example

Youwanttodisplaythedataonthecostcentersusingdifferentreports. Investigate

the reports contained in thestandard system.

The Report Menu

Figure 37: The Report Menu

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AC410 Lesson: Reports in Cost Center Accounting

Youcanusethereporttreetoselectreportsfromtheinformationsystem. The

report tree gathers all reports within an application and structures them in a

hierarchy.

Youcandefineyourownreportmenuforeachactivitygroupintheenterprisewith

anindividualnodestructure. Reportsthatyoucreatedforyourownrequirements,

or SAP standard reports can be integrated into the report menu of an activity

group. Changes such as adding user-defined reports are not included in the

standard SAP menu.

Example of a Standard Report

Figure 38: Example of a Standard Report

Overheadcostcontrollingconsistsofthefollowingtasks:

• Planning

• Allocation

• Control and

• Monitoring of overhead costs

In addition, the SAP System summarizes all line items to form totals records,

which in turn are stored in a CO totals record file. The system provides you

withacomprehensiveset offunctionstoenableyoutoallocateoverhead costs

according to source.

At the end of the period, you can compare the planned costs and their

correspondingactualcosts. Youcanmakeasource-basedanalysisoftheresulting

target/actual variances and use the analysesfor further controlling measures

Management Accounting. You can also compare two sets of actual data from

differentperiodstoanalyzecostdevelopmentoveraperiodoftime.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Figure 39: Totals Values and Line Items

TheSAPsystemmakesadistinctionbetweenlineitemsandtotalsrecords. These

are recorded in separate database tables.

A lineitem is entered for each business transaction. You can accesstheseline

items using the line item report.

Forreporting,allthelineitemsenteredforbusinesstransactionsareautomatically

storedintotalsrecords. TheamountsaretotaledintheSAPsystembasedonthe

costcenter/costelementorcostcenter/costelement/activitytypeandenablesdata

tobeevaluatedmorequickly. YoucananalyzethetotalsrecordsusingaReport

Painter/Report Writer report.

Normally,youwouldanalyzeacostcenterusingaReportPainterreport. Ifyou

requiredetailedinformationforparticularcostelementspostedtothecostcenter,

you can call up the corresponding line items.

The line item report functionsas an itemization of actual costs, plan costs or

commitments based on the posting documents. This information is displayed

as a list (ABAP list display).

Example:InFI,personnelcostsforanexternalrepairfirmwerepostedtwicein

the same month.

Lineitem1: 420000Personnelcosts5.000.--CostCenterProduction07/2003

Lineitem2: 420000Personnelcosts3.500.--CostCenterProduction07/2003

TotalsRecord420000Personnelcosts8.500.--CostCenterProduction07/2003

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AC410 Lesson: Reports in Cost Center Accounting

Interactive Information System

Figure 40: Interactive Information System

Youcanusetheinteractiveinformationsystemtototalandanalyzeall,orselected

business transactions, according to various criteria (for example, cost center /

cost element).

The totals records in the Report Painter report are normally analyzed, but

sometimes the line items from the summary report are also selected and

examined. You canalsomove from the line itemstothecorresponding source

documents. The source document canbeanFI document, or for example, an

accounting document from a reposting.

YoucancallupotherreportsusingtheReport/Reportinterface.

Demonstration: Call Standard Report

Purpose

PostingsrelevantinManagementAccountingcanbetracedinReporting.

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

1. IG p 28

Settings for Reporting

Figure 41: User Settings

Youcanspecifygeneralanduser-specificdefaultvaluesfortheselectioncriteria,

andthereportcurrency. Theadvantageofusersettingsisthatmorethanone,or

all values that you normally need to enter before executing a report group are

automaticallydisplayed. Whenyoucallareport,theSAPsystemcheckstoseeif

youhavemadealltherequiredentries. Ifthisisthecase,thenthereportcanbe

executedwithoutanyentriesrequiredintheselectionscreen.

You can enter the following default values:

• Basicdata(controllingarea,costcenterorcostcentergroup,costelement,

and so on)

• Settings for extract management

• Planning timeframe

• Reporting timeframe

• Report currency

• Other specifications, such as the version

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AC410 Lesson: Reports in Cost Center Accounting

Figure 42: Variation

Thevariationfunctionenablesyoutoselectaseparatereportforeachelement

ofagroupthatwasgeneratedduringaselectionrun. Thisfunctionisespecially

usefulwhencreatingareportinthebackgroundfromacostcentergroup,ifyou

wanttobeabletoswitchbetweencostcenterreportsatthesametime.

The variationfunction canonly beused ifyouhaveactivated it inthereport

definition.

Inthedialogboxforthevariation,youspecifywhichnodesand/orcostcentersare

tobeoutput. Youcanchooseoneofthreeoptionsforthisindicator:

• Breakdown provides you with reports for all cost centers and all nodes

of the selected group.

• Donotbreakdownprovidesyouwithonlyonereportforthehighestnode

of the selected group.

• Individualvaluesproducesreportsexclusivelyfortheindividualcostcenters

in the selected group.

Youcansavereportsforcostcentergroupsasextractswithactivatedvariation.

Whenyoucometoanalyzeyourextractsforthegroup,youcanthenaccessreports

for the individual cost centers quickly.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Figure 43: Line Item Report: Maintain layout

The SAP system provides you with standardized layouts. You can define

additional variantsfor global or user-specificuse.

You can select as many fields as required from the group of available fields

(including customer-specific fields) for a layout that is enterprise or

user-specific.

You need to define the item (column) in the report, and the column width for

each field.

Dependingonthecolumnwidth,theSAPsystemautomaticallyusestheshorttext

orlongtextfromthefieldname. Italsousesyourlog-onlanguage(ifavailable)

for the report.

TheSAPsystemprovidesyouwithstandardizedlayouts.

You can define filters for each column. Rowsthat fulfill filter criteria are not

displayed. However,theyareincludedinthetotalsandsubtotalscalculation.

YoucandefinetotalsinteractivelybyselectingthecolumnandchoosingTotals. It

ispossibletoselect morethanonecolumnat atime.

Demonstration: User Settings

Purpose

Inreporting, youcan effect certain pre-settings that simplify working with the

report.

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AC410 Lesson: Reports in Cost Center Accounting

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

1. IG p 28

Demonstration: Variation

Purpose

Inreporting, you can effect certain pre-settings that simplify working with the

report.

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

1. IG p 29

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

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AC410 Lesson: Reports in Cost Center Accounting

Exercise 8: Reports in Cost Center

115

Accounting

Exercise Duration: 20 Minutes

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Make user settings for report selection.

• ChecktheexpensespostedinFinancialAccountingtoeachcost center in

Controlling, insummaryand line itemreports.

• Navigatebetweendifferentcostcentersinacostcenterreport.

• Define an individual layout in the report.

Business Example

YouwanttodisplaytheexpensespostedinFItothecostcentersusingdifferent

reports. You also want to use some reporting tools that reduce the reporting

workloadandenableflexibleevaluationofinformation.

Task 1:

Youoften call up reportsthat havethesameselection criteria. To simplify the

process, youcanstorethesecriteriaasdefault values.

1. Storecontrollingarea1000intheusersettings, thecurrentperiodasthe

Reportingperiodinthecurrentfiscalyear,andversion0,asFurtherentries.

2. Call the cost centers: Plan/Actual/Variance report. Check whether your

selectioncriteriaaretransferredfromtheusersettings.

Task 2:

Display the costs from the exercise activity on general ledger account posting

in the report.

1. ProcessthecurrentperiodCostcenters: Plan/Actual/Variancereportforcost

center groupB## incontrollingareaEurope(1000), inthecurrent period

and for plan version 0.

2. The report provides an overview of the costs in the entire consulting

department. Use the variation function to display the costs of different

cost centers. Thengotothesummaryreportin cost center301##(FI/CO

Consulting).

Continued on next page

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

3. CalluptheActuallineitemsforareportrow. Whichadditionalinformation

on the cost element do you receive compared to the specifications in the

summary report?

4. Display the original FI document. How many line items are on the FI

document?

5. DisplaythecostaccountingdocumentforthesameCOlineitem. Howmany

lineitemsareonthecostAccountingdocument?

WhatcausesthedifferenceintheFI document?

Remain in the line item display.

Task 3:

Definealayoutinthelineitemreportaccordingtoyourrequirements.

1. Asyoudonotenteranyquantitieswhenposting, deletetheTotalquantity

entered andPosted unit of measurecolumns, then include other columns

of your choice.

2. SaveyourlayoutasLayout##, thenenteradescriptionforit. Indicatethe

layoutasUser-specific. Thisensuresthatonlyyoucanuseit.

3. CallupSelectlayouttocheckwhetheryourlayoutisavailableforselection,

as well as the SAP layouts.

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AC410 Lesson: Reports in Cost Center Accounting

Solution 8: Reports in Cost Center

Accounting

Task 1:

Youoften call up reportsthat havethesameselection criteria. To simplify the

process, youcanstorethesecriteriaasdefault values.

1. Storecontrollingarea1000intheusersettings, thecurrentperiodasthe

Reportingperiodinthecurrentfiscalyear,andversion0,asFurtherentries.

a) CCA:InformationSystem→UserSettings

Basic data

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Controlling Area 1000

Reporting timeframe

Fiscal year Current

Period Current

Further Details

Plan version 0

Save your data!

2. Call the cost centers: Plan/Actual/Variance report. Check whether your

selectioncriteriaaretransferredfromtheusersettings.

a) CCA:InformationSystem→Reports forcost center accounting→

Plan/ActualComparisons→Costcenters: Actual/Plan/Variance

Continued on next page

129

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Controlling Area	1000

Fiscal year	Current
Period	Current

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Task 2:

Display the costs from theexercise activity on general ledger account posting

in the report.

1. ProcessthecurrentperiodCostcenters: Plan/Actual/Variancereportforcost

center groupB##in controllingareaEurope(1000), inthecurrent period

and for plan version 0.

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Controlling Area 1000

Fiscal year Current

From period Current

To period Current

Plan version 0

Cost center (values) B##

Program → Execute

2. The report provides an overview of the costs in the entire consulting

department. Use the variation function to display the costs of different

costcenters. Thengotothesummaryreportincostcenter 301##(FI/CO

Consulting).

a) Navigation On/Off icon

Inthenavigationlist,choosecostcenter301##.

3. CalluptheActuallineitemsforareportrow. Whichadditionalinformation

on the cost element do you receive compared to the specifications in the

summary report?

Answer: Positionyour cursor onareport row.

Double-click on Report row

ChoosetheCostCenters: ActualLineItemsreport.

Additional information:

a)Fromwhichlineitemstheoveralltotalforthecostelementresults

b)Theoffsettingaccountof thepostinginquestion

Continued on next page

130

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Controlling Area	1000
Fiscal year	Current
From period	Current
To period	Current
Plan version	0
Cost center (values)	B##

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AC410 Lesson: Reports in Cost Center Accounting

4. Display the original FI document. How many line items are on the FI

document?

Answer: Position your cursor ona line item.

Environment→Sourcedocumentordouble-clickthereportrow

12 Line items

5. DisplaythecostaccountingdocumentforthesameCOlineitem. Howmany

lineitemsareonthecostAccountingdocument?

WhatcausesthedifferenceintheFIdocument?

Remain in the line item display.

Answer: Position your cursor ona line item.

Environment → Accounting Documents → Accounting Documents →

ChooseControllingDocument→ExpandDocument

11 Line items

The credit posting on the balance sheet account is not relevant to Cost

AccountingandisthereforenottransferredtoManagementAccounting.

Task 3:

Definealayoutinthelineitemreportaccordingtoyourrequirements.

1. Asyoudonotenteranyquantitieswhenposting, deletetheTotalquantity

entered and Posted unit of measurecolumns, then include other columns

of your choice.

a) Return to the line item display.

Settings → Layout → Change

Select the Position icon. Select Total Quantity and Posted Unit of

Measure.

Icon Right arrow“Hideselected fields”

Changetolist: SwitchtotheHiddenFieldslist andselect thefields

you require.

→Icon Left arrow“Showselected fields”

Transfer icon.

Continued on next page

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

2. SaveyourlayoutasLayout##, thenenteradescriptionforit. Indicatethe

layoutasUser-specific. Thisensuresthatonlyyoucanuseit.

a) Settings → Layout → Save

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Layout Layout##

Name

User-specific Select

Transfer further settings

3. CallupSelectlayouttocheckwhetheryourlayoutisavailableforselection,

as well as the SAP layouts.

a) Settings → Layout → Choose

132

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Layout	Layout##
Name
User-specific	Select

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AC410 Lesson: Reports in Cost Center Accounting

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Run totals reports and line item reports and explain additional functions

in the information system.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Lesson: Account Assignment Tools

Lesson Duration: 20 Minutes

122

Lesson Overview

Therearevariousoptionsforsimplifyingpostingsandkeepingpossiblesourcesof

errortoaminimum. Thevariousaccountassignmenttoolsareshowninthislesson.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Describetheconfigurationoptionsthatfacilitatepostings.

YoucanfindmoreinformationintheInstructorGuideinSAPNet.

IG p 30

Business Example

Youintroducevariousoptionsforaccountassignmenttotheotherprojectmembers

inorder tomakethepostingsprocesseasierforthem.

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AC410 Lesson: Account Assignment Tools

Default Account Assignment and Automatic Account

Assignment

Figure44: DefaultAccountAssignmentandAutomaticAccountAssignment

Youcandefineautomaticaccountassignmentsordefaultaccountassignmentsfor

postingsoftheprimarycostelementtype. TheSAPsystemthenautomatically

includesthespecified(additional)accountassignmentfortheprimarypostings

you make. You define automatic and default account assignments for cost

elements that you always post to a particular cost center. You can also define

theassignmentofanoverheadorderorprofitcentertoacostelement. Whether

automatic or default, the account assignments are default values that can be

overwritten in the application.

Automaticofdefaultaccountassignmentsarerequiredforprimarycostelements

used in automatically-generated postings such as price differences, exchange

rate differences, and discounts.

Youenterthedefaultaccountassignmentinthecostelementmasterrecord.

Here, youentertheaccount assignmentatcontrollingarealevel andataccount

level.

You enter automatic account assignments in Customizing in the activity

“MaintainAutomaticAccountAssignment”. Inthisactivity,youcanalsodefine

moredetailedaccountassignmentstobusinessareasorprofitcenters.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Whenthesystemderivestheinformation,itdeterminesthemostdetailedaccount

assignment. ItreadstheentriesinCustomizingfirst. Ifthesystemdoesnotfind

any data here, then it uses the master data for cost elements. The assignment

objectsdefinedforautomaticaccountassignmentsthereforetakepriorityoverthe

additionalaccountassignmentsforthedefaultaccountassignment.

Demonstration: Default Account Assignment and

Automatic Determination of Account Assignment

Purpose

Optionsareintroducedherethatsimplifypostingandlimitsourcesoferrors.

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

1. IG p 30

Validation

Figure 45: Validation

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AC410 Lesson: Account Assignment Tools

You can increase the accuracy of the Management Accounting data by using

validationandsubstitution. Invalidationandsubstitution,theSAPsystemchecks

whetherthedataenteredmeetsoneormoreoftheconditionsthatyoudefined.

Thesecheckstakeplaceduringdataentry, therebyensuringthatonlyvaliddata

is posted.

Youcreatevalidationsandsubstitutionsforthecontrollingareaandforaparticular

event. An event isa particular point in transaction processing. Thefollowing

eventshavebeendefinedfortheManagementAccountingcomponent:

• The“document row”(0001)calluppointusesdatafromtheManagement

Accountingdocumentheader(COBK)andManagementAccountingcoding

block(COBL)structures. Itcontrolspostinginexternalaccountingaswell

as in Management Accounting.

• The “document header” (0100) callup point uses data from COBK and

affects only manual Management Accounting postings, such as transfer

postings or activity allocations.

• The “CO Internal Posting: Sender/Receiver” (0002) event is only used

for Management Accounting internal postings, and is used for checking

sender-receiver relationshipsinperiodicallocations.

Youusevalidationtocarryoutvaliditychecksonobjectssuchascostelementsor

costcenters. Iftheconditionsyouspecifiedforexecutingbusinesstransactions

arenotmet, theSAPsystemdisplaysauser-definedmessage. Thiscould bea

warning, error, or information message, or the system stops your posting with

immediate effect.

Demonstration: Validation

Purpose

Thevalidation isoneoptionfor eliminating errors.

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

1. IG p 30

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Substitution

Figure 46: Substitution

Youcanalsocarryoutvalidationcheckswhenmakingsubstitutions. However,

ifyourconditionismetforasubstitution,theSAPsystemsubstitutesthevalues

withothersdefinedbyyouwithoutinformingtheuserofthischange.

Anadditionalevent-theOrderEvent(0010)isdefinedforsubstitutions. Thisis

usedonlyforcollectiveprocessingofordermasterdata.

If you have defined a substitution that contradicts a validation condition, the

systeminformsyouof thisbydisplayingamessage. Wecanthereforesaythat

validationhaspriority, oris“stronger”thansubstitution.

Demonstration: Substitution

Purpose

Thevalidationisoneoptionfor eliminating errors.

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

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AC410 Lesson: Account Assignment Tools

1. IG p 31

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Facilitated Discussion

Discussion Questions

Usethefollowingquestionstoengagetheparticipantsinthediscussion. Feelfree

to use your own additional questions.

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AC410 Lesson: Account Assignment Tools

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Describetheconfigurationoptionsthatfacilitatepostings.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Lesson: Correction Postings

Lesson Duration: 10 Minutes

127

Lesson Overview

Theoptionsforcorrectingpostingerrorsareshownhere.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Correctoriginalpostingsmadetoincorrectcostcenters.

YoucanfindmoreinformationintheInstructorGuideinSAPNet.

IG p 32

Business Example

PostingdocumentsfromHRandMMareoftenveryextensive. Trytodeviseeasy

waystocorrectfaultyaccountassignmentsinManagementAccounting.

Manual Postings of Costs and Revenues

Figure 47:

Youcanmanuallyrepostprimarycostsandrevenuesusingevent-basedrepostings.

Youusethisfunctionmainlytoadjust(correct)postingerrors.

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AC410 Lesson: Correction Postings

Whenyoumakeaninternalreposting,theprimarycostsarereposted(underthe

original cost element)to areceivingorder. If theoriginaltransaction isposted

using an incorrect cost or revenue element, the transaction must be corrected

intheoriginalapplicationcomponentinorder toensurereconciliationbetween

external and internal accounting.

Notethat no sender checkismade, inother words the systemdoes not check

whetherthecostsyourepostactuallyexistonthesendingcostcenter. Thismeans

thatnegativecostsmayappearonthesendingcostcenter.

The business transaction is documented by means ofline itemson the sender

side and receiver side.

Youcanusethesystemtomakeevent-basedrepostingsautomatically. Following

a collective posting in FI that was assigned to a clearing cost center, these

automaticrepostingsareusedtopostthevaluesinManagementAccountingtothe

actualoriginatorsofthecosts. Forexample,salarypostingsfromthepersonnel

departmentcanbepostedintheirentiretytoaclearingcostcenter,thuskeeping

thenumberofpostingsinFinancialAccountingtoaminimum. Thissummarized

postingispassed throughtoManagement Accounting. In orderfor the payroll

informationtobeusefultoManagementAccounting,however,thecostsneedto

beassignedtotheresponsiblecostcenters. Therepostingcreditstheclearingcost

centeranddebitstheoriginatorofthecostsbytheappropriateamount.

Reposting line items

Figure 48: Reposting line items

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

The function for reposting line items enables you to repost specific line items

fromManagementAccountingdocuments. Thisfunctionisdesignedtoenable

you to correct primary postings that you assigned to the wrong accounts. To

dothis, theManagement Accountingdocument mustcontainareferencetothe

original FI document.

Reposinglineitemsistheequivalentofareversalonthesenderobject.

You canalsoentermorethanonereceiverobject.

RepostinglineitemscreatesManagementAccountingdocumentswhich,unlike

event-basedrepostingsofcosts,alwayscontainareferencetotheFIdocument.

As a result, you can trace a line item reposting back to the original Financial

Accounting document.

If you repost a line item in Management Accounting, the original account

assignment object remains noted in the FI document. To correct the account

assignmentobjectintheFIdocument,youwillneedtoreversetheFIdocument.

IfyouhavealreadycarriedoutalineitemrepostinginManagementAccounting

for this document, you will first need toreverse this reposting before you can

reverse the document in FI.

Demonstration: Manual Reposting

Purpose

Wrong postings should be corrected.

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

1. IG p 32

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AC410 Lesson: Correction Postings

Exercise 9: Reposting Line Items

131

Exercise Duration: 20 Minutes

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Make corrections by reposting line items

• ProvideargumentsforwhyerrorpostingsshouldbecorrectedinFinancial

Accounting and inManagement Accounting.

Business Example

In the project team, you have agreed to correct error postings in Management

Accounting or Financial Accounting after discussion with the Financial

Accounting department. You post a line item in Management Accounting to

become familiar with the function and how the information is presented. You

wouldalsoliketocheckwhetheritispossibletoreversethedocumentinFinancial

AccountingiftheadjustmenthasalreadybeenmadeinManagementAccounting.

Task 1:

Repostthecostsforofficesupplies(costelement476000)tothe“Organization”

costcenterthatwereassignedduringthefirstexerciseinthisunittothe“FI/CO

Consulting” cost center.

1. Repostthelineitemsforyourdocumentfromexercise7(younoteddown

thedocumentnumber)incompanycode1000andinthecurrentfiscalyear.

Postthe07(3,000.00to the301##cost center) posting itemto the201##

cost center (Organization).

Task 2:

Check the result of the reposting.

1. ProcesstheCostcenters: actual/plan/variancereportforthecurrentperiod

andplanversion0. Executethereportforthereceivingcostcenter201##

(Organization).

Continued on next page

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

2. Displaytheactuallineitemsforthecostcentersinreportrow476000Office

supplies. Accessthesourcedocumentforthelineitem. Whichcostcenteris

displayedasthesenderforcostelement476000onthedocument?

3. Howcanyouensurethatthecorrectreceivercostcenter201##(Organization)

isalsodisplayedontheFinancialAccountingdocument?

Task 3:

Solve the following task:

1. CheckwhetheritispossibletoreversethedocumentinFI(reversalreason

01),eventhoughtheerrorpostingwasalreadycorrectedinCO.Reversal:

Yes/No:___________________________________________________________

Reason:

Continued on next page

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AC410 Lesson: Correction Postings

Task 4:

Solve the following tasks:

1. WhenisitusefultocorrectanerrorpostinginFinancialAccountingandin

Management Accounting?

2. Astaffmemberfromtheprojectteamislessexperiencedwiththereposting

function than you are, and would like to know the following: A newly

opened cost center hasnot yet been debited with primarycosts. Isit still

possibletorepostcostsfromthiscostcentertoanothercostcenter?

Isitpossibletorepostlineitemsfromthiscostcenter?

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Solution 9: Reposting Line Items

Task 1:

Repostthecostsforofficesupplies(costelement476000)tothe“Organization”

costcenterthatwereassignedduringthefirstexerciseinthisunittothe“FI/CO

Consulting” cost center.

1. Repostthelineitemsforyourdocumentfromexercise7(younoteddown

thedocumentnumber)incompanycode1000andinthecurrentfiscalyear.

Continued on next page

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AC410 Lesson: Correction Postings

Postthe07(3,000.00to the301##cost center) posting itemto the201##

cost center (Organization).

a) CCA:ActualPostings→RepostLineItems→Enter

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Document number See exercise 7

Inlineitem07,changeaccountassignment1from

Cost center 301## to cost center 201##.

Save your data.

Task 2:

Check the result of the reposting.

1. ProcesstheCostcenters: actual/plan/variancereportforthecurrentperiod

andplanversion0. Executethereportforthereceivingcostcenter201##

(Organization).

a) CCA:InformationSystem→Reports forcost center accounting→

Plan/ActualComparisons→Costcenters: Actual/Plan/Variance

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Controlling Area 1000

Fiscal Year Current

From period Current

To period Current

Plan version 0

Cost center (values) 201##

Program → Execute

Continued on next page

149

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Document number	See exercise 7

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Controlling Area	1000
Fiscal Year	Current
From period	Current
To period	Current
Plan version	0
Cost center (values)	201##

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

2. Displaytheactuallineitemsforthecostcentersinreportrow476000Office

supplies. Accessthesourcedocumentforthelineitem. Whichcostcenteris

displayedasthesenderforcostelement476000onthedocument?

Answer: Positionyourcursoronreportrowcostelement476000.

Double-click on Report row.

Select the Actual Line Items report.

Positionyourcursoronthelineitemwiththerepostingamount3000.

Environment→SourceDocumentordouble-clickthereportrow

Cost center 201##

3. Howcanyouensurethatthecorrectreceivercostcenter201##(Organization)

isalsodisplayedontheFinancialAccountingdocument?

Answer: Reversal of incorrectly assigned posting in FI and reposting to

cost center 201##

Task 3:

Solve the following task:

1. CheckwhetheritispossibletoreversethedocumentinFI(reversalreason

01),eventhoughtheerrorpostingwasalreadycorrectedinCO.Reversal:

Yes/No:___________________________________________________________

Reason:

a) Accounting→FinancialAccounting→GeneralLedger→Document

→ Reverse → Individual Reversal

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Document number See exercise 1.1

Company code 1000

Fiscal Year Current

Reversal reason 01

Save your data.

Errormessage:ReverseManagementAccountingrepostingdocument

first.

Continued on next page

150

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Document number	See exercise 1.1
Company code	1000
Fiscal Year	Current
Reversal reason	01

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AC410 Lesson: Correction Postings

Task 4:

Solve the following tasks:

1. WhenisitusefultocorrectanerrorpostinginFinancialAccountingandin

Management Accounting?

Answer: Ifyouwantthecorrectreceivercostcentertobedisplayedinthe

accountingdocument,youwillneedtoreversethedocumentinFinancial

Accounting, otherwise you can repost the document in Management

Accounting.

2. Astaffmemberfromtheprojectteamislessexperiencedwiththereposting

function than you are, and would like to know the following: A newly

opened cost center hasnot yet been debited with primarycosts. Isit still

possibletorepostcostsfromthiscostcentertoanothercostcenter?

Isitpossibletorepostlineitemsfromthiscostcenter?

Answer: Manualrepostingofcostsispossible? nocheckonsender

Repostingoflineitemsisnotpossible? nolineitemposted.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Correctoriginalpostingsmadetoincorrectcostcenters.

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AC410 Lesson: Automatic Commitment and Funds Reservation

Lesson: Automatic Commitment and Funds Reservation

Lesson Duration: 10 Minutes

139

Lesson Overview

The commitment is inthe MaterialsManagement componentsand represent a

fundscommitment inthecostcenteraccounting, i.e. costtobeexpectedinthe

future.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, youwillbeable to:

• Explainautomaticcommitmentsandfundscommitment.

YoucanfindmoreinformationintheInstructorGuideinSAPNet.

IG p 33

Business Example

Asyourequireinformationonfuturepaymentcommitmentsinyourcostcenter,

consider the use of commitments.

Automatic commitment

Figure 49: Automatic commitment

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Commitments are payment obligations that are not entered into the accounts,

butthat leadtoactualcostsat alater date. They areincurred in thepurchasing

function, inthe“MaterialsManagement”component:

• The internal communication for a purchasing request is known as a

purchaserequisition(fromtheorderingpartytothepurchaser). Apurchase

requisitionisaprovisionalobligation,thatcanbechangedatanytime. You

donotneedtoassignaCOobjecttoapurchaserequisitionrow. Ifyoudo

notdoso,thenthecommitmentisnotdisplayedinManagementAccounting.

• Apurchaseorderisacontractualagreementtopurchasegoodsorservices

fromavendoraccordingtoagreedconditions. Apurchaseorderrepresentsa

firmcommitmentsinceitisbasedonacontractualobligation. Youneedto

specifyaManagementAccountingobjectforaPOrowthatisassignedtoa

costelement. ThecommitmentisalsodisplayedinManagementAccounting.

Ifyoucreateapurchaseorderwith referencetoapurchaserequisition, the

commitment isreclassified (asa purchase order commitment) in Management

Accounting.

Thecommitmentisreducedbyprocessinggoodsreceiptsagainstthepurchase

order. Actual costs are posted to the Management Accounting object. This

businesstransaction iscontinueduntil thepurchaseorderisprocessed, andthe

commitment amount is zero.

YoumustactivateCommitmentManagement,inManagementAccounting,in

the controlling area. Furthermore, the cost center must not be blocked for the

execution of commitments (locking indicator).

Commitmentsarenotreducedwhenyoucreateanoutlineagreement. Theseare

only incurred when you create the contract release order (contract), or goods

release order (scheduling agreements).

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AC410 Lesson: Automatic Commitment and Funds Reservation

Funds Commitment

Figure 50: Funds Commitment

You can use the manual funds commitment function (manual commitment)

to enter expected costs that were not entered in the system using a purchase

requisition or purchaseorder. Thisenablesyou to reserveplanned amounts at

an early stage.

The funds commitment must be reduced when you enter corresponding

transactionssuch aspurchaserequisitions, purchaseorders, and invoices. You

reduce the funds commitment by entering the corresponding amount for a

reservationitem. Theamountyouentermustnotexceedtheamountstillopen.

Youcanspecifyreductionreferencesinthereductionhistoryforacommitment

reductionalreadyentered. Thereferencesaretoafollow-updocumentthatwill

cause(orhavealreadycaused)theactualcosts. Thisisforinformationpurposes

only.

Demonstration: Automatic Commitment and Funds

Reservation

Purpose

Thefundsreservationprovidesthepersonresponsibleforthecostcenterwiththe

informationthatcostswillsoonbeincurredathiscostcenter.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

1. IG p 33

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AC410 Lesson: Automatic Commitment and Funds Reservation

Facilitated Discussion

Discussion Questions

Usethefollowingquestionstoengagetheparticipantsinthediscussion. Feelfree

to use your own additional questions.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Explainautomaticcommitmentsandfundscommitment.

158