AC410_EN_Col52_FV_Inst_A4 (第3页) | ERP软件技术分享

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

Creating Time-Based Master Data

Figure 27: Creating Time-Based Master Data

You can store master data fields for cost centers, cost elements, and activity

typesastime-based. Ifyouchangeoneofthesefieldsforaparticulartimeframe,

the system creates a new master record containing the new master record for

this period. This means that several database records are maintained for each

individualmasterrecord. Intheaboveexample, the"Responsibleperson"field

is time-dependent, meaning that you are able to enter the different cost center

managers as they change over time.

You specifywhetherindividual fieldsare time-based inCustomizing. Certain

fields,suchastheassignmentofacostcentertoacompanycode,abusinessarea,

ortoaprofitcenter,aredefinedbySAPastime-dependentandthistimecannotbe

reducedifyouhavemadeactualpostingstothiscostcenterinthecurrentfiscal

year. Sincetime-dependentdatastoragecanresultinlargevolumesofdata,you

shoulddefineonlyimportantfieldsastime-dependent.

The Cost center assignment to the standard hierarchy area is a

non-time-dependentfield. Thismeansthatwhenyouchangetheassignmentdue

to the current assignment, thesystem prepares historic and current cost center

information.

Ifyouwanttoextendthevalidityperiodofamasterdatarecord,accessmaster

datamaintenanceandcreateamasterrecordfortheextendedperiodinquestion.

Toavoidfillingoutthesamemasterdatafields, youcancopyfromtheexisting

master record.

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

Demonstration: Creating Time-Based Master Data

Purpose

Theparticipantsshouldlearnwhichmasterdatacanbechangedinatime-based

way and how.

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

1. IG p 23

Collective Processing

Figure 28: Collective Processing

TheSAPsystemprovidesyouwithcollectiveprocessingfunctionsforcostcenter

master data.

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

You canselectcost centers byentering intervals, groupsor selectionvariants,

maintain all fields (except customer-specific additional fields), create groups

usingselectedcostcenters,orswitchfromcollectivetoindividualprocessingof

master data lists

Youcanalsousecollectiveprocessingtochangeordeletestatisticalkeyfigures.

Cost elements and activity types can only be displayed or deleted under

collective processing.

Youcancreateyourownlistvariantsforcollectiveprocessing. Thelistvariant

determinesthemasterdatafieldsthatcanbeprocessed. Youcanchangethelist

variant during processing.

The list display functions for cost elements, cost centers, activity types, and

businessprocesseshavebeenimproved. Inthelistdisplayofmasterdatayoucan

sortandfilterdatainthesamewayasispossiblewhenusingtheABAPlistviewer.

Tomakeiteasiertomakeselectionsatalaterdate,youcancombinetheobjects

displayed into groups.

Master Data Groups

Figure 29: Master Data Groups

YouusemasterdatagroupstosummarizethevarioustypesofmasterdatainCost

CenterAccountingforanalysis,planning,andallocationpurposes.

You can use these groups to process more than one master data record in one

transaction, forexamplewhenplanningorinreporting. For example, youcan

planallthecostelementsusedbyyourcostcenterbyspecifyingthecorresponding

costelementgroup. Youcouldalsospecifyyourcostcentergroupifyouwanted

tocreateareportcontainingtheresultsofallthecostcentersforyourarea.

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

Themasterdatagroupfunctionenablesyoutocreateahierarchicalstructure.

Masterdataisthenassignedtothegroupsatthelowestlevel,andthensummarized

in groups belonging to the higher levels. You can create as many hierarchical

groups as your business requires.

Thecostcenterstandardhierarchy isaspecial typeofcostcentergroup. All

cost centers in a controlling area must be assigned to the standard hierarchy.

Alongsidethestandardhierarchy,youcanusethefunctionsingroupmaintenance

tocreateanynumberofalternativecostcenterhierarchies.

Youcan create newmaster data groups by usingexisting groupsasa template

from which to copy.

Figure 30: Master data groups with selection variants

Aselectionvariantisusedformasterdataselection. Youonlyneedtoenterthe

selectioncriteriafortheobjectonceandthensavetheminaselectionvariant.

The system uses the criteria stored in the selection variant during runtime to

determine the corresponding objects.

If you create or change groups of cost elements, cost centers, activity types,

statisticalkeyfigures,businessprocesses,orders,orWBSelements,thenyoucan

alsoassignaselectionvarianttoanendnode. Thisprovidesyouwithadynamic

group, in which the contents can change.

Whenyoucreateorchangegroups,youcannotcreateanynewselectionvariants.

Thesystemperformanceisbetterforgroupsiftheydonothaveselectionvariants.

Intheexampleabove, youcreateamaster datagroupthatcontainsall thecost

centers for business area 9900. You do this, for example, to include this in a

report. First of all, create a selection variant that selects the cost center of the

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

businessarea9900. Thencreatethecostcentergroupandallocatetheselection

varianttoanendnode. Youcandisplayanoverviewtocheckwhichobjectsare

selectedbythisselectionvariant. Ifanewcostcenteriscreatedinbusinessarea

9900,oranalreadyexistingcostcenterisassignedtothisbusinessarea,thenitis

automatically part of cost center group"9900".

Figure 31: Copying Groups ora Hierarchy Using aSuffix

Master data groups are not time-based. Therefore, if you change the group

structure, thenthesystempreparescurrent and historicinformationin thenew

structure. Ifyouwanttosaveanhistoricalhierarchy,youshouldthereforesavea

copy of the hierarchy before each update.

Youcancopythegroupsthathaveanexistinghierarchywithasuffix. Aperiodand

anameuptofourcharacterslongisaddedtothenameofthegroup. Thehierarchy

anditssuffixaresaved. Nowyoucanmakechangestothecurrenthierarchy.

Thestandard hierarchy must notcontain asuffix.

Ifyoucopyagroupforwhichasuffixexists,thissuffixisreplacedbythenew

suffix specified by you.

Thesystemcarriesoutthesamechecksthataremadeunderthefunction"Create

Group/Hierarchy with Reference".

In the above example, “1999” is used as a suffix. Any other characters could

standin their place. Thesuffix nameselected doesnot mean that the groupis

now time-based.

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

Demonstration: Create Master Data Groups

Purpose

Showhowmasterdatacanbecombinedintogroups

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

1. IG p 24

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

Exercise 6: Global Functions For Master

Data

Exercise Duration: 20 Minutes

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Create master data groups.

• Changecostcentermanagersforacertainperiodoftime.

• Use collective processing.

Business Example

Sothatyoudonothavetospecifyeachreceivereverytimeyoudefineperiodic

allocations, you can create cost center groups that contain the receivers of the

relevantallocation. However, beforeyoucreateacost centergroup, makesure

thatthereceiversarenotalreadyassignedasagroup(thatis,ahierarchynode)in

the standard hierarchy.

Oneof thecost centermanagersisgoing on maternityleavefor oneyear. One

of her colleagueswill betaking on responsibilityfor thecostcenter duringher

absence.

Youshouldcheckandmakeanynecessaryadditionstothemasterdataofthecost

center. Tospeeduptheprocess,youshouldusethecollectiveprocessingfunctions

that are available.

Task 1:

Solve the following exercise:

1. Thefollowingtablegivesyouanoverviewoftheallocationrelationshipsat

the end of the period.

Cost Center Allocated to

101##(Telephone) 201## 202## 203## 301## 302##

201##(Organization) 202## 301## 302##

202##(ITservice) 201## 301## 302##

203##-MotorPool 301## 302##

Continued on next page

Cost Center	Allocated to
101##(Telephone)	201## 202## 203## 301## 302## 202## 301## 302## 201## 301## 302## 301## 302##
201##(Organization)
202##(ITservice)
203##-MotorPool

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

Have a look in the standard hierarchy to see whether you can use any of

the existing groups (or nodes) or whether you have to create alternative

cost center groups.

Whichcostcentersdoyouhavetocreatealternativecostcentergroupsforso

that you can allocate costs to them?

Hint: You can also use cost center intervals instead of groups.

However, we cannot practice this during this course because of

thewaythecostcenter numbersyouareusingcorrespondstothe

numbers of your workstations.

Task 2:

Solve the following exercise:

1. Telephone costsareto be reposted periodically to variousreceivers. You

shouldcreateanalternativecostcentergroupforthereceiversofthecosts.

CreatecostcentergroupPR-TELE##(PeriodicRepostingTelephoneCosts

##). AssigngroupB20##andgroupB30##tothiscostcentergroup.

Task 3:

Create cost center groups for assessments.

1. CreatethecostcentergroupA-IT##(AssessmentITServices##). Assign

costcenters201##(Organization##),301##(FI/COConsulting),and302##

(LO Consulting) to this group.

2. Createthecostcenter groupA-ORGA##(AssessmentOrganization##)

usinggroupA-IT##asareference. Deletecostcenter201##andaddcost

center202##(ITServices)sothatthegroupcomprisescostcenter202##,

301##, and 302##.

Task 4: Optional

Changethetimeperiodsinthecostcentermasterdata.

1. MsRosewillbegonefromthebeginningofthenextperiodforexactly

twelvemonths. Her positionascostcenter managerofcostcenter203##

(MotorPool)willbeassumedbyMrRiccardointhemeantime. Changethe

master data for this period accordingly.

2. Call up cost center203## (Motor Pool).

Howmany periodsfor analysis aredisplayed?

Whydoesthesystemdisplaymorethanoneperiodforanalysis?

Continued on next page

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

Task 5: Optional

You would like to use the collective processing functions to check and add to

your cost center data.

1. YouwouldliketocheckthatthecostcentersofconsultingdepartmentB##

have been released for actual and plan postings and, if necessary, make

changes. Scroll down totherelevantlistvariant.

2. You would also like to enter communication data for the consulting cost

centers. However, therearenofieldsavailablefor thisinthestandardlist

variants. Defineaone-linelistvariantCOM##andenter“Telephoneand

Fax##”asadescriptionforit. Thelistvariantshouldcontainthefollowing

columns:

Selection/CostCenter/Telephone1/FaxNumber

When you save the list variant, ensure that a change request with the

description“USERAC410##”iscreatedautomatically. Saveyourentries.

Hint: ChangestoCustomizingsettingscanbesavedinanorderso

thatthechangescanbetransportedtootherSAPsystemsorclients.

3. Activate your list variant.

4. Use collective processing to process the consulting cost centers (group

B30##)withyourlistvariantCOM##. Enterthefollowingdata:

Costcenter301##(ConsultantFI/CO), Telephoneno. Faxno. 321

123,

Costcenter302##(ConsultantFI/CO), Telephoneno. Faxno. 654

456,

Task 6: Optional

You would like to change the cost center group PR_TELE## so that all new

category 8 cost centers (that is, consulting cost centers) are included in this

groupautomatically,regardlessofwhatnodetheyareassignedtointhestandard

hierarchy.

1. Create the selection variant 8-## (“Consultant Cost Centers”). This

selectionvariantshouldselectallcategory8(consulting)costcenters. Enter

yourusernameasanadditionalselectioncriteriainthefield“Createdby”.

2. Remove from the cost center group PR-TELE## (Periodic Reposting

Telephone##)thenodeB30##andassignitinsteadtotheselectionvariant

8-##.

Continued on next page

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

WhichcostcentersareassignedtothegroupPR-TELE##asaresultofthis?

3. Testyourselectionvariantbycreatinganewconsultingcostcenter303##

BasisConsultingusingcostcenter301##FI/COConsultingasareference.

Onlychangethecostcentershortdescription. Saveyourentries.

4. Display cost center group PR-TELE## and call up the details of the

selection variant. Which cost centers are now assigned to the group as a

result based on this selection variant?

5. Deletecost center303## for thewholeperiod.

6. Notallgroupsarecreatedusingselectionvariants. Whatcouldthereasons

for this be?

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

Solution 6: Global Functions For Master

Data

Task 1:

Solve the following exercise:

1. Thefollowingtablegivesyouanoverviewoftheallocationrelationshipsat

the end of the period.

Cost Center Allocated to

101##(Telephone) 201## 202## 203## 301## 302##

201##(Organization) 202## 301## 302##

202##(ITservice) 201## 301## 302##

203##-MotorPool 301## 302##

Have a look in the standard hierarchy to see whether you can use any of

the existing groups (or nodes) or whether you have to create alternative

cost center groups.

Whichcostcentersdoyouhavetocreatealternativecostcentergroupsforso

that you can allocate costs to them?

Hint: You can also use cost center intervals instead of groups.

However, we cannot practice this during this course because of

thewaythecost center numbersyouareusingcorrespondstothe

numbers of your workstations.

a) CCA:MasterData→StandardHierarchy→Display

b) Cost center 101## (telephone), 201## (organization) and 202##(IT

service)

Cost Center Allocated to

101## B20## and B30##

201## 202## and B30##

202## 201## and B30##

203## B30##

Continued on next page

Cost Center	Allocated to
101##(Telephone)	201## 202## 203## 301## 302## 202## 301## 302## 201## 301## 302## 301## 302##
201##(Organization)
202##(ITservice)
203##-MotorPool

Cost Center	Allocated to
101##	B20## and B30## 202## and B30## 201## and B30## B30##
201##
202##
203##

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

Task 2:

Solve the following exercise:

1. Telephone costsareto be reposted periodically to variousreceivers. You

shouldcreateanalternativecostcentergroupforthereceiversofthecosts.

CreatecostcentergroupPR-TELE##(PeriodicRepostingTelephoneCosts

##). AssigngroupB20##andgroupB30##tothiscostcentergroup.

a) CCA:MasterData→CostCenterGroup→Create

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center Group PU-TELE##

Hierarchy icon.

Description PeriodicrepostingTelephone##

Process→Cost CenterGroup →LowerLevel

B20##

Process→CostCenterGroup →samelevel

B30##

Save your data!

Continued on next page

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center Group	PU-TELE##

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

Task 3:

Create cost center groups for assessments.

1. CreatethecostcentergroupA-IT##(AssessmentITServices##). Assign

costcenters201##(Organization##),301##(FI/COConsulting),and302##

(LO Consulting) to this group.

a) CCA:MasterData→CostCenterGroup →Create

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center Group ASSE-IT##

Hierarchy icon.

Description Description Assessment IT

Service ##

Edit→Cost Center→ Insert CostCenter

Cost Center 201##

Cost Center 301##

Cost Center 302##

Save your data!

Continued on next page

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center Group	ASSE-IT##

Cost Center	201##
Cost Center	301##
Cost Center	302##

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

2. Createthecostcenter groupA-ORGA##(AssessmentOrganization##)

usinggroupA-IT##asareference. Deletecostcenter201##andaddcost

center202##(ITServices)sothatthegroupcomprisescostcenter202##,

301##, and 302##.

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center Group ASSE-OR##

Referencecostcentergroup ASSE-IT##

Description Assessmentorganization##

Hierarchy icon.

Positionyour cursor oncost center201##.

Selecticon ? Remove Icon

PlaceyourcursorontheuppernodeASSE-OR##.

Process→Cost Center→AddCostCenter

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center 202##

Save your data!

Continued on next page

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center Group	ASSE-OR##
Referencecostcentergroup	ASSE-IT##
Description	Assessmentorganization##

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center	202##

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

Task 4: Optional

Changethetimeperiodsinthecostcentermasterdata.

1. MsRosewillbegonefromthebeginningofthenextperiodforexactly

twelvemonths. Herpositionascostcentermanagerofcostcenter203##

(MotorPool)willbeassumedbyMrRiccardointhemeantime. Changethe

master data for this period accordingly.

a) CCA:MasterData→CostCenter→IndividualProcessing→Change

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center 203##

Enter

Edit→AnalysisPeriod→OtherAnalysisPeriod

Valid from 01. Next period of the current

fiscal year

Valid until 12 months later

Select the Choose icon

Person responsible Riccardo

Save your data!

2. Call up cost center203## (Motor Pool).

Howmanyperiodsfor analysisaredisplayed?

Whydoesthesystemdisplaymorethanoneperiodforanalysis?

a) CCA:MasterData→CostCenter→IndividualProcessing→Display

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center 203##

Enter

The system displays 3 data records for selection. The "Person

responsible" field is managed on a time-dependent basis, meaning

thatfor anewanalysisperiod,thesystemstoresthemasterdataasa

separate data record.

Continued on next page

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center	203##

Valid from	01. Next period of the current fiscal year
Valid until	12 months later

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center	203##

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

Task 5: Optional

You would like to use the collective processing functions to check and add to

your cost center data.

1. YouwouldliketocheckthatthecostcentersofconsultingdepartmentB##

have been released for actual and plan postings and, if necessary, make

changes. Scroll downto therelevantlist variant.

a) CCA:MasterData→CostCenter→CollectiveProcessing→Change

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center Group B##

Valid from 01/01Currentfiscalyear

To 12/31/9999

List variant SAP01

Cost Center List → Execute

Icon→NextListVariant(SAP02standard,two-line)

2. You would also like to enter communication datafor the consulting cost

centers. However,therearenofieldsavailableforthisinthestandardlist

variants. Defineaone-linelistvariantCOM##andenter“Telephoneand

Fax##”asadescriptionforit. Thelistvariantshouldcontainthefollowing

columns:

Selection/CostCenter/Telephone1/FaxNumber

Continued on next page

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center Group	B##
Valid from	01/01Currentfiscalyear
To	12/31/9999
List variant	SAP01

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

When you save the list variant, ensure that a change request with the

description“USERAC410##”iscreatedautomatically. Saveyourentries.

Hint: ChangestoCustomizingsettingscanbesavedinanorderso

thatthechangescanbetransportedtootherSAPsystemsorclients.

a) IMG:Controlling→CostCenterAccounting→MasterData→Cost

Centers→Definelistvariantsforgroupprocessing→Variant→New

Variant → Create

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Variant COM##

Name Telephoneandfax ##

Number of lines 1

Enter

Placeyourcursorinthecolumn“Possiblefields”on“selection”.

Edit → Choose

Confirm the output length.

Repeatthisprocedureforthefields"Costcenter","Telephone1"and

"Fax number".

Save your data!

Thesystemdisplaysthe“Enter changerequest”dialogbox. Choose

the Create request icon.

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Short Description USER AC410-##

Save your data!

Enter

3. Activate your list variant.

a) Variant → Existing Variant→ Activate

4. Use collective processing to process the consulting cost centers (group

B30##)withyourlistvariantCOM##. Enterthefollowingdata:

Continued on next page

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Variant	COM##
Name	Telephoneandfax ##
Number of lines	1

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Short Description	USER AC410-##

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

Costcenter301##(ConsultantFI/CO), Telephoneno. Faxno. 321

123,

Costcenter302##(ConsultantFI/CO), Telephoneno. Faxno. 654

456,

a) CCA:MasterData→CostCenter→CollectiveProcessing→Change

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center Group B30##

Valid from 01/01Currentfiscalyear

To 12/31/9999

List variant COM##

Cost Center List → Execute

Enter the following values.

CostCenter Telephone1 Fax number

301## 123 321

302## 456 654

Save your data!

Continued on next page

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center Group	B30##
Valid from	01/01Currentfiscalyear
To	12/31/9999
List variant	COM##

CostCenter	Telephone1	Fax number
301##	123	321
302##	456	654

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

Task 6: Optional

You would like to change the cost center group PR_TELE## so that all new

category 8 cost centers (that is, consulting cost centers) are included in this

groupautomatically,regardlessofwhatnodetheyareassignedtointhestandard

hierarchy.

1. Create the selection variant 8-## (“Consultant Cost Centers”). This

selectionvariantshouldselectallcategory8(consulting)costcenters. Enter

yourusernameasanadditionalselectioncriteriainthefield“Createdby”.

a) IMG:Controlling→CostCenterAccounting→MasterData→Cost

Centers→DefineSelectionVariantsforCostCenters

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Variant 8-##

Variants → Create

Cost centercategory 8

Created by AC410-##

Edit → Attributes

Description Consultingcostcenters

Save your data!

2. Remove from the cost center group PR-TELE## (Periodic Reposting

Telephone##)thenodeB30##andassignitinsteadtotheselectionvariant

8-##.

Continued on next page

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Variant	8-##

Cost centercategory	8
Created by	AC410-##

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

WhichcostcentersareassignedtothegroupPR-TELE##asaresultofthis?

a) CCA:MasterData→CostCenterGroup→Change

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center Group PU-TELE##

Hierarchy icon.

Position your cursor on theB30## node.

Select icon

Edit → Selected Entry → Remove

Position your cursor on theB20## node.

Edit →Cost Center Group →samelevel

Search for possible entries using the F4 Help or click on the small

triangle next to the empty field.

Carryoverthesettingsandselect“Topnodesonly”and“Withselection

variants”.

Choosetheselectionvariant(8-##)youcreated.

Cost Center Group 8-##

Save your data!

Extras → Expand Selection Variant

You use the selection variant to assign the cost center group to

consultingcost centers301##and 302##.

Continued on next page

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center Group	PU-TELE##

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

3. Testyourselectionvariantbycreatinganewconsultingcostcenter303##

BasisConsultingusingcostcenter301##FI/COConsultingasareference.

Onlychangethecostcentershortdescription. Saveyourentries.

a) CCA:MasterData→CostCenter→IndividualProcessing→Create

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center 303##

Valid from 01/01Currentfiscalyear

To 12/31/9999

Referencecostcenter 301##

Name Basis consulting

Save your data!

4. Display cost center group PR-TELE## and call up the details of the

selection variant. Which cost centers are now assigned to the group as a

result based on this selection variant?

a) CCA:MasterData→CostCenterGroup→Display

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center Group PR-TELE##

Hierarchy icon.

Place your cursor on the 8-## node.

Extras → Expand Selection Variant

Cost centers 301##, 302##, and 303##

Continued on next page

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center	303##
Valid from	01/01Currentfiscalyear
To	12/31/9999
Referencecostcenter	301##
Name	Basis consulting

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center Group	PR-TELE##

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Unit2: Masterdata AC410

5. Deletecost center303## for thewholeperiod.

a) CCA:MasterData→CostCenter→IndividualProcessing→Delete

FieldNameorDataClass Values

Cost Center 303##

Valid from 01/01Currentfiscalyear

To 12/31/9999

Test run Deselect

Execute icon

ConfirmpossiblewarningsbychoosingEnter.

6. Notallgroupsarecreatedusingselectionvariants. Whatcouldthereasons

for this be?

Answer: Ifyouuseagroupthatwascreatedwithaselectionvariant, this

slowssystemperformancebecauseaselectionrunalwaystakesplace.

FieldNameorDataClass	Values
Cost Center	303##
Valid from	01/01Currentfiscalyear
To	12/31/9999
Test run	Deselect

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AC410 Lesson: Global Functions For Master Data

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Updatemaster data in collective processing

• Explain thetime dependenciesof master data

• Createmasterdatagroupsandexplainhowtheyarecreated

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UnitSummary AC410

Unit Summary

You should now be able to:

• Describehowbesttostructurethestandardhierarchy

• Create cost centers

• Understandthemeaningofthecostcentercategory.

• DistinguishbetweenG/Laccountsandcostelements

• CreatecostelementsinManagement Accounting, and explainalternative

methods for creating them

• Create activity types.

• Planmanualpricesfortheactivitytypesondifferentcostcenters

• Create statistical key figures

• Updatemaster data in collective processing

• Explain the time dependenciesof master data

• Createmasterdatagroupsandexplainhowtheyarecreated

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AC410 Test Your Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

1. Thefollowingsettingsareinfluencedbythecostcentercategory:

Choosethecorrectanswer(s).

□ A Thedefaultvaluefor thecontrolindicators

□ B The Cost Element

□ C The Company Code

2. Everycostcentermustbeassignedtothestandardhierarchy.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

3. Whatmusthappenbeforeyoucancreateaprimarycostelement?

4. Activity Types

Choosethecorrectanswer(s).

□ A The allocation cost element isa mandatory fieldin themaster

data of the activity type.

□ B Theallocationcostelementmustbeasecondarycostelementof

the type 43.

□ C Acostcentercanonlyperformactivitiesforanothercostcenter.

□ D Thepricemustbeplannedpercostcenterandactivitytype

5. The iscarried over from the period in which it is

enteredtoallsubsequentperiodsofthesamefiscalyear. Youonlyneedto

enter anewposting ifthisfixed valuechanges.

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

6. Youcandefinemasterdatafieldsforcostcenters,costelements,andactivity

types as time-based.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

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TestYourKnowledge AC410

7. Thesystemperformanceisbetterforgroupsiftheydonot haveselection

variants.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

100

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AC410 Test Your Knowledge

Answers

1. Thefollowingsettingsareinfluencedbythecostcentercategory:

Answer: A

Thecostcentercategorydefinesthetypeofcostcenter. Byassigningcost

center categories to activity types, for example, you can allowparticular

activity types only for particular cost centers.

InCustomizing,youcandefinelockindicatorsforeachcostcentercategory,

orspecifythatthemanagingofquantitiesoncostcentersisallowed.

2. Everycostcentermustbeassignedtothestandardhierarchy.

Answer: True

Youmustassigneverycostcentertoanodeinthestandardhierarchy.

3. Whatmusthappenbeforeyoucancreateaprimarycostelement?

Answer: First of all, a general ledger of the same name must have been

defined in the FI.

4. Activity Types

Answer: A, B, D

Asecondary cost element, the allocation cost element is required for the

activity allocation. This must be type 43.

Pricescanbeplannedmanuallyordeterminedbythesystem.

Acostcentercanonlyperformactivitiesfordifferentobjects.

Thepricemustbeplannedpercostcenterandactivitytype

5. Thefixedvalueiscarriedoverfromtheperiodinwhichitisenteredtoall

subsequent periodsof thesamefiscal year. Youonlyneedtoentera new

posting if this fixed value changes.

Answer: fixed value

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TestYourKnowledge AC410

6. Youcandefinemasterdatafieldsforcostcenters,costelements,andactivity

types as time-based.

Answer: True

Certainfieldscanbechangedinatime-basedway.

7. Thesystemperformanceisbetterforgroupsiftheydonot haveselection

variants.

Answer: True

Asthesystemmuststartaselectionrunforaselectionvariant,performance

is poorer.

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Unit 3

Event-Based Postings

YoucanfindmoreinformationintheInstructorGuideinSAPNet.

Unit Overview

Youexecutetransactionsinsourceapplicationsandtracktheeffectsinappropriate

reports. Wedescribetheconfigurationoptionsthatfacilitatepostings. Weshow

howsourcepostingscanbeadjustedonincorrectcostcenters.

Furthersubjectsarefundsreservationandactivitylocation.

Unit Objectives

After completing thisunit, you will beableto:

• Executetransactionsinsourceapplicationsandviewtheeffect

• Run totals reports and line item reports and explain additional functions

in the information system.

• Describetheconfigurationoptionsthatfacilitatepostings.

• Correctoriginalpostingsmadetoincorrectcostcenters.

• Explainautomaticcommitmentsandfundscommitment.

• Executeadirectaccountingallocationandcorrectanaccountingallocation.

Unit Contents

Lesson: Entering Primary Postings...........................................105

Demonstration: Maintain Number Ranges..............................107

Demonstration: Postings from Financial Accounting and Materials

Management ................................................................108

Exercise 7: Entering Primary Postings ..................................113

Lesson: Reports in Cost Center Accounting ................................118

Demonstration: Call Standard Report ...................................121

Demonstration: User Settings ............................................124

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Demonstration: Variation..................................................125

Exercise 8: Reports in Cost Center Accounting........................127

Lesson: Account Assignment Tools..........................................134

Demonstration: Default Account Assignment and Automatic

Determination of Account Assignment...................................136

Demonstration: Validation.................................................137

Demonstration: Substitution...............................................138

Lesson: Correction Postings ..................................................142

Demonstration: Manual Reposting.......................................144

Exercise 9: Reposting Line Items........................................145

Lesson: Automatic Commitment and Funds Reservation.................153

Demonstration: Automatic Commitment and Funds Reservation....155

Lesson: Direct Activity Allocation.............................................159

Demonstration: Direct Activity Allocation................................161

Exercise 10: Direct Activity Allocation...................................163

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AC410 Lesson: Entering Primary Postings

Lesson: Entering Primary Postings

Lesson Duration: 20 Minutes

Lesson Overview

Thislessonwilldemonstratetheeffectsthatpostingshaveinsourceapplications

andwhat effectthishasonManagement Accounting.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, youwillbeable to:

• Executetransactionsinsourceapplicationsandviewtheeffect

YoucanfindmoreinformationintheInstructorGuideinSAPNet.

IG p 26

Business Example

ForeachManagementAccountingposting,thesystemcreatesadocument,which

is identified by a unique number. A Management Accounting project team

membershowsyouhowtogroupManagementAccountingbusinesstransactions

andthenassignthem todocument numberinterval.

Youneedtopostsomedocumentsonapreliminarybasistochecktheinterface

betweenFinancial andManagement Accounting.

Event-Based Postings

Ifbusinesstransactionsareentered,thenprimarycostsarepostedtocostcenters

asaresult. Costsarecategorizedusingthepostingtransactions.

Cost relevant business transactions can be entered in the SAP application

componentssuchasHumanResources,AssetAccounting,MaterialsManagement,

andFinancialAccounting. Theresultofthispostingistransferredasaprimarycost

postingtoManagementAccounting. Forexample,youcanpostavendorinvoice

containinganexpenseitemtotherelevantcostcenterinManagementAccounting.

Error postingscanbecorrectedbyrepostingswithinManagementAccounting.

The costs are reposted using the original primary cost element. The main

differencebetweenarepostingandanallocationisthatinthecaseofareposting,

theoriginaldebitamountisalwaysreducedonthesender,whereasforallocations,

the original debit amount is not changed, but a separate credit amount written

to the sender instead.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

A direct activity allocation involves entering the activity quantities that a cost

centerprovidesforanotheraccountassignmentobject. Theseactivityquantities

aremultiplied by the priceper activity unit storedin the system. Theresulting

total is credited on the sender (and debited on the receiver) using a secondary

cost element.

Management Accounting processesbothactual postings and commitments. A

commitment is apayment obligation which, although not entered in Financial

Accounting, willresultinactual coststhroughtothebusinesstransactionsthat

follow.

Document Number Assignment

Figure 32: Document Number Assignment

Thevariousactivitiesthatchangeanobject(suchasacostcenterororder)appear

in the SAP system as business transactions.

Youneedtodefinenumberintervalsforallbusinesstransactionsthatgenerate

Management Accounting documents. It is possible to copy document number

intervalsfrom one controlling areato another.

Therearetwostepstoissuingnumberintervalsfordocuments:

• You group more than one transaction together. If you want to assign a

different number interval to each transaction, you can create a group for

each transaction.

• Youassignthegrouptoaninternalorexternalnumberinterval. Thisenables

youtouseonegroupofnumberintervalsforsimilartransactions.

YoudefinedocumentnumberintervalsforManagementAccountingdocuments

independently of the fiscal year. The document numbers can be assigned in

ascending order.

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AC410 Lesson: Entering Primary Postings

SAPrecommendsthatyoucreatedifferentnumberintervalgroupsforactualand

plantransactions. Thisensuresthatreorganizationprogramsthatrunseparately

foractualandplanningdataalsoresetthenumberintervalsseparately.

Demonstration: Maintain Number Ranges

Purpose

We will show how document number ranges can be created in Management

Accounting.

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

1. IG p 26

Event-Based Postings Through Integration

Figure 33: Event-Based Postings Through Integration

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

YoucanenterprimarycostseitherdirectlyinFinancialAccounting(asforan

invoiceinAccountsPayable)orgeneratethemfromotherapplications(asfor

a goods movement in Materials Management) and transfer them to Financial

Accounting. These business transactions generate documents that reflect the

view of the external accounting system. These documents are stored in a

centraldocumentfileforexternalaccountingdocuments. FinancialAccounting

documentscontainatleasttwoitemsandmustbalancetozero(balance=0).

Line items are also written in Management Accounting for these business

transactionsiftheyarealsopostedtoaccountassignmentobjectsinManagement

Accounting (such as cost centers). The Management Accounting posting is a

one-sided entry, since only the profit and loss statement respective postings

is passed to Management Accounting. The line items record the business

transactionsfrom aManagement Accounting standpoint and are managed in a

ManagementAccountinglineitemfile. Inaddition,theSAPsystemsummarizes

all line itemstoform totalsrecords, whichin turnarestored ina Management

Accounting totals record file.

Demonstration: Postings from Financial Accounting

and Materials Management

Purpose

Postingsinsourceapplicationsarecarriedout. Participantsshouldrecognizethe

effects on Management Accounting.

System Data

System:

Client:

UserID:

Password:

Setupinstructions:

1. IG p 27

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AC410 Lesson: Entering Primary Postings

Account Assignment Logic

Figure34: AccountAssignmentLogic-PostingtoCostCenter

CostandrevenuepostingsinManagementAccountingcanresultinsubsequent

real and statistical postings:

• Real postings can be processed. They can be allocated or settled with

other controlling objects. One (and only one) real posting takes place in

Management Accounting. The posting contains the information that is

reconciled back to Financial Accounting.

• Statisticalpostingsareonlyusedforinformationpurposes. Youcanmake

as many statistical postings as you wish.

Theaccount assignment object determineswhetherapostingisstatisticalor

real, inotherwords, theaccountassignmentiseitherarealorstatistical object.

For example, the master data of an overhead cost order are used to determine

whether the order is real or statistical. Only real postings are made for a real

order,andlikewise,onlystatisticalpostingsaremadeforastatisticalorder. The

costcenteristheexceptiontothisrule. Youcanmakerealandstatisticalpostings

for a cost center.

If youwant to postManagementAccounting costs, you need to usethesource

document (for example, from the vendor invoice, or the material withdrawal

document)toidentifythecorrespondingrealManagementAccountingaccount

assignmentobject. Youcanenteradditionalstatisticalobjects,orthesystemcan

derive them. Inthissimpleexample, thecost centerisenteredin the Financial

Accounting document sothat thereal Management Accountingposting canbe

made. The system transfers the profit center from the master data for the cost

center, for the statistical posting.

Youalwaysmakestatisticalpostingstotheprofitcenter.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

Figure35: AccountAssignmentLogic-PostingtoCostCenterandOrder

Duringposting, onlyarealaccountassignmentobjectcanbetransferred. The

only exception to this rule is the account assignment to a cost center, and an

additional,realaccountassignmentobject. Inthiscase,thesystemalwaysupdates

the cost center statistically. If you specify a real order and a cost center in the

postingrowasdescribedintheexampleabove,thentherealpostingismadefor

theoverheadcostorder. Statisticalpostingsareenteredforthecostcenterandthe

profitcenter. However,iftheorderisonlystatistical,thenitispostedtoassuch,

and the cost center receives real postings.

You can analyze statistical postings to cost centers in the Cost Centers:

Actual/Plan/Variancereport(scrolldowninthereport).

Youcanonlyassignoneobjecttypetoeachpostingrow. Thismeansthatyou

cannotpostthesametransactionrowtomorethanonecostcenter,ororder,and

so on.

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AC410 Lesson: Entering Primary Postings

Figure 36: Account AssignmentLogic- RevenuePostings

Revenues can only be posted as real postingsto a profitability segment, sales

order,salesproject,ortoarealorderthatcanhaverevenues. Revenuepostingsto

theprofitcenterarestatistical,thesameasforcostpostings.

Revenuescanalsoberecordedasstatisticalvaluesoncostcenters.

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Unit3: Event-BasedPostings AC410

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