AC240_EN_Col92_FV_Part_A4 (第3页) | ERP软件技术分享

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Unit2: Documents AC240

Figure 70: Documents – Customizing (1)

Inthecentralpostingsettings,youcanspecifythefunctionsyouwanttobeused

forpostingandprocessingdocuments. Whetherornotthefunctionsenteredare

required(forexample,installmentplans,interestpostingduringclearing)depends

on thebusiness transactions that are processed.

Thecentralusersettingscontainspecificinformationaboutdocumententry,such

astheentryvariants,releasetocross-companycodepostingsandforeigncurrency

postings,andcontrolinformationfortheaccountdisplay.

To configure the documents, the document number ranges must be assigned,

document types defined, certain document type specifications for business

processesand screen variantsmust bedefined.

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AC240 Lesson: Integration with General Ledger Accounting

Figure 71: Documents –Customizing (2)

The posting keys for credit and debit items, as well as the document type for

posting the G/L account when the totals records are transferred to the general

ledger(FI-GL) arestoredinthepostingspecificationsforthegeneralledger. It

mustbepossibletopostthedocumenttypeonanintercompanybasis. Thetransfer

accountsforthegeneralledgertransfermustalsobeenteredhere.

Prerequisites:

• You have created the necessary G/L accounts (in Customizing, choose

Financial Accounting (New) → General Ledger Accounting (New) →

Master Data → G/L accounts).

• Youhavemaintainedthenecessarydocumenttypes(inCustomizing,choose

FinancialAccounting(New)→FinancialAccountingGlobalSettings(New)

→ Document → Document Types → Define Document Types for Entry

View). Alsonotethedocumentationaboutdefiningdocumenttypesinthe

general ledger view.

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Unit2: Documents AC240

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AC240 Lesson: Integration with General Ledger Accounting

Exercise 3: Transfer Totals Records to

General Ledger Accounting

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Transfercumulatedpostingdatatogeneralledgeraccounting

Business Example

Atday-endclosing,thetotalsrecordsstoredinContractAccountsReceivableand

Payablearetransferredtogeneral ledgeraccounting.

Task 1:

Transfer to general ledger accounting

1. Display the documents that you previously created again. Where is the

correspondingreconciliationkeydisplayedinthedocument? Makeanoteof

the reconciliation key.

_________________________________________________________

2. Display the details for the reconciliation key (select a screen variant if

necessary)andclosethereconciliationkeyforanyfurtherpostings. Which

status is assigned to the reconciliation key?

_________________________________________________________

3. Onceyouhaveclosedthereconciliationkey,youmusttransferittogeneral

ledger accounting.

Use the following information:

Reconciliation Key The reconciliation key that you

notedintask1ofthisexercise

Test Run Not selected

ListofDocumentsCreated X

Task 2:

Status of the reconciliation key

1. Whichstatusisassignedtothereconciliationkeyafterithasbeentransferred

to general ledger accounting?

_________________________________________________________

Continued on next page

Reconciliation Key	The reconciliation key that you notedintask1ofthisexercise
Test Run	Not selected
ListofDocumentsCreated	X

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Unit2: Documents AC240

Task 3:

General ledger accounting document

1. Branch tofinancialaccounting anddisplay thegeneral ledger accounting

documentthathasbeencreated. Documentnumber:

_________________________________________________________

In the general ledger accounting document, where is the reference to

FI-CAsubledgeraccountingandwhereisthereconciliationkeyforFI-CA

subledger accounting stored?

_________________________________________________________

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AC240 Lesson: Integration with General Ledger Accounting

Solution 3: Transfer Totals Records to

General Ledger Accounting

Task 1:

Transfer to general ledger accounting

1. Display the documents that you previously created again. Where is the

correspondingreconciliationkeydisplayedinthedocument? Makeanoteof

the reconciliation key.

_________________________________________________________

a) Choose Accounting →Financial Accounting →Contract Accounts

ReceivableandPayable→Document→Display.

Usetheinputhelp(F4)intheDocumentNumberfieldtorestrictthe

entries to your AC240-## user (## =your group number) using the

“Created by” field.

Selectoneof thedocumentsthatyoucreated.

Fromthemenubar,chooseGoto→DocumentHeader.

Result:

The reconciliation key is stored in the document header in the

"Reconcil. Key" field.

Reconciliationkey: ______________________.

2. Display the details for the reconciliation key (select a screen variant if

necessary)andclosethereconciliationkeyforanyfurtherpostings. Which

status is assigned to the reconciliation key?

_________________________________________________________

a) Choose:

Accounting→FinancialAccounting→ContractAccountsReceivable

andPayable→Document→ReconciliationKey→Close

b) ChooseGoto→TotalsRecords. Thenchoose“Back”(F3).

c) Choose Reconciliation Key → Close. Confirm the popup window

with “Yes”.

d) Thestatuschangesfrom“ReservedforIndivid. Postings→Postings

can be made”

to:

“ReservedforIndivid. Postings→Postingscannolongerbemade”

Continued on next page

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Unit2: Documents AC240

3. Onceyouhaveclosedthereconciliationkey,youmusttransferittogeneral

ledger accounting.

Use the following information:

Reconciliation Key The reconciliation key that you

notedintask1ofthisexercise

Test Run Not selected

ListofDocumentsCreated X

a) Choose:

Accounting→FinancialAccounting→ContractAccountsReceivable

andPayable→PeriodicProcessing→ForwardPostings→Execution

→ Transfer to General Ledger

Task 2:

Status of the reconciliation key

1. Whichstatusisassignedtothereconciliationkeyafterithasbeentransferred

to general ledger accounting?

_________________________________________________________

a) Choose:

Accounting→FinancialAccounting→ContractAccountsReceivable

andPayable→Document→ReconciliationKey→Display

The status is:

Postings can no longer be made → Transfer to general ledger is

complete.

Task 3:

General ledger accounting document

1. Branch tofinancialaccounting anddisplay thegeneral ledger accounting

documentthathasbeencreated. Documentnumber:

_________________________________________________________

In the general ledger accounting document, where is the reference to

FI-CAsubledgeraccountingandwhereisthereconciliationkeyforFI-CA

subledger accounting stored?

Continued on next page

Reconciliation Key	The reconciliation key that you notedintask1ofthisexercise
Test Run	Not selected
ListofDocumentsCreated	X

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AC240 Lesson: Integration with General Ledger Accounting

_________________________________________________________

a) Choose:

Accounting→FinancialAccounting→GeneralLedger→Document

→Display→ Document List pushbutton

b) EnterFKKSUasthereferencetransactionandthereconciliationkeyas

thereferencekeyfollowedbyanasterisk(*).

c) Choose Program → Execute

d) The reference transaction FKKSU and the reconciliation key are

storedasareferencekeyinthedocumentheaderofthegeneralledger

accounting document.

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Unit2: Documents AC240

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Explaintheconceptof integrationwiththegeneral ledgerandunderstand

how to process and reconcile the transfer

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AC240 Lesson: IntegrationwiththeNewGeneralLedger(SegmentReporting)

Lesson: Integration with the New General Ledger

(Segment Reporting)

Lesson Overview

This lesson gives you an overview of the integration of Contract Accounts

ReceivableandPayablewiththenewgeneralledgerandsegmentreporting.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, youwillbeable to:

• Explain howto derive segmentsfor newgeneral ledger accounting from

Contract Accounts Receivable and Payable

Business Example

Figure 72: SAP Solutions in Financial Accounting

IsnewfinancialaccountingcompatiblewithFI-CA?

FI-CA uses new financial accounting in much the same way as it used classic

GeneralLedgerAccounting. Inaddition,FI-CA(asofSAPERP6.0)supportsthe

“Segment”accountassignment,whichhasbeenaddedtothenewgeneralledger

asanewstandardaccountassignment(includedasofSAPERP2004).

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Unit2: Documents AC240

WithSAPERP 6.0, EnhancementPackage4, theprofitcenterinFI-CAisalso

provided as an account assignment object when postings are made to FI-CA

accounts.

IntermsofthecompatibilityofFI-CAwiththe(new)FI-GLdocumentsplitting

scenario, thefollowing general statement applies:

AcustomerwhousesFI-CAandsplitsdocumentsin(new)FI-GLmustensure

that the required characteristics canbe added in FI-CA. Segments are derived

accordingtoFI-CA-specificruleswhosesplittinglogicdiffersinthenewG/L.

For reconciliationreasons, FI characteristics cannot be addedto FI documents

fromFI-CAsincereconciliationinFI-CAtakesplaceataccountassignmentlevel

(forexample, businessarea,segment, andprofitcenter).

WithSAPERP6.0,EnhancementPackage2,FI-CAsupportsthe“ledgergroup”

attheleveloftheFI-CAgeneralledgeritemsandrequiresazerobalanceforeach

ledgergroupwithinadocument. ThismeansthattheFI-CAdocumentinitially

providesthisoptiontoallprogramsthatcreatedocumentswithvaluationvariances

(such as foreign currency valuations).

Formoreinformationaboutintegrationwiththenewgeneralledgeraccounting,

see SAP Note 1070629.

Figure 73: Document Splitting in Financial Accounting

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AC240 Lesson: IntegrationwiththeNewGeneralLedger(SegmentReporting)

Figure 74: Segment Derivation I

When a segment is derived in FI-CA documents, a distinction must be made

between two cases:

• Segment derivation for documents for which no subsequent posting to

previousdocumentsismade(typicalcase: newreceivable)

• Segmentderivationfordocumentsthatareasubsequentpostingtoaprevious

document (such as incoming payments)

Thesegmentindocumentsforwhichnosubsequentpostingtopreviousdocuments

is made is derived as follows:

1. Formanualpostings,youcanalsoenterthesegmentdirectly.

2. Automatic derivation using:

a) The contract, provided that the contract level exists and an account is

assigned in the document

b) The profit center master data

c)Postingarea0301“segmentsforbusinesspartner items”. Thesegment

canbedeterminedbasedonthecompanycode,businessarea,division,G/L

account,accountdeterminationID,maintransactions,andsubtransactions.

d)Postingarea0300“segmentsforgeneralledgeritems”. Inthiscase,the

segmentcanbedeterminedbasedonthecompanycode,accounttype,and

G/L account.

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Unit2: Documents AC240

Figure 75: Segment Derivation II

For subsequent postings such as incoming payments, the segment is derived

automaticallyfromthesourcedocument(forexample,theoutgoinginvoice).

Forpostingsonaccounts,whichcouldnotbeassignedtoadocument,thesegment

isderivedusingpostingarea0301“segmentsforbusinesspartneritems”.

For tax accounts and bank accounts, you can assign segments using posting

area0300“segmentsforgeneralledgeritems”. Accounttype1isusedforbank

accountsandothercashaccounts,andaccounttype2isusedfortaxaccounts.

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AC240 Lesson: IntegrationwiththeNewGeneralLedger(SegmentReporting)

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Explain howto derive segmentsfor newgeneral ledger accounting from

Contract Accounts Receivable and Payable

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Unit2: Documents AC240

Lesson: Account Balance Display

Lesson Overview

Thislessonprovidesan overviewof theaccount balancedisplay functionsand

how customers can enhance them.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Navigatetotheaccountbalancedisplayandconfigureittomeetyourneeds

Business Example

Figure 76: Account Balance Display

The account balance display function in FI-CA enables you to access

comprehensive account information about open, cleared, and statistical items

quickly.

The display functionality is flexible in that search criteria can be defined and

maintained by and for the individual user. You can further restrict the search

parameters by entering additional search criteria. For example, you may want

tofindonlyitemsinUSdollarswithinaspecificrange. Thiscouldbedoneby

maintainingtheamount“searchrange”accordingly.

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AC240 Lesson: Account Balance Display

Listtypesdeterminewhichtype(s)oflineitemsaredisplayedwiththeaccount

balance,suchasopenitems,cleareditems,additionalbusinesspartneritems,and

soon. Theyalsodeterminewhichtypes(ifany)ofstatisticalitemsshouldappear,

and which document category to search by.

Ifasortingvariantisnotspecified,thesystemwillusethefirst6fieldsdefinedin

thelinelayoutvariantforsorting(ascendingorder). Userparameter814selects

thesettingthatwaslastused,whichmeansthestandardinitialscreenisdisplayed

insteadofthe“collapsed”one(parametersareenteredonthisscreenbeforethe

account balance is displayed).

User parameter 815 saves the last recorded initial “list display” screen, but is

overwritten if parameter 810 is active.

Figure 77: Line Layout Variants

Each line layout variant must either be defined as a “totals” variant or a “line

item” variant.

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Unit2: Documents AC240

Figure78: AccountBalanceDisplay: StructureofTotalsVariant

This example of totaling at document level can be useful for the summarized

documentdisplayofitemsfromseveralcontractsaswellasfortheduedatesof

an installment plan. This means that you can view a customer's total amount

for every due date.

Figure 79: AccountBalanceDisplay: AdditionalFunctions

RestrictionofItemSelection: IfyouchoosePeriodforItemSelection(F7)onthe

initialscreenoftheaccountbalancedisplay,youcanrestricttheperiodthatthe

systemusesforselectingtheitemsintheaccountbalance.

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AC240 Lesson: Account Balance Display

ContextMenuintheAccountBalance: Youcancallacontextmenubypressing

thesecondarymousebuttonwhenthecursorisonanitemintheaccountbalance.

In events 1247 and 1248, you can adjust the functions of the context menu to

meet your requirements or add to them.

Figure 80: Account Balance Display: Events

Figure 81: Creating Snapshots

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Unit2: Documents AC240

Forindividualbusinesspartnerswhosecontractaccountshavealargernumber

of items, youcandisplaytheaccountbalancefromapreviouslyselectedset of

items (a snapshot).

Reading the items in the account balance for a business partner with a large

numberofitemsusuallytakesupalotoftime. Toavoidlongresponsetimes,you

can usethisreport topreselect itemsforparticularlylargepartnersand display

themintheaccountbalanceinsteadofthecurrentlist. Todoso,enterthebusiness

partnerwithseveralitemsinCustomizingforContractAccountsReceivableand

PayableunderBasicFunctions→AccountBalanceDisplay→DefineBusiness

Partner for Creation of Snapshots. This setting is one of the current system

settings and, therefore, you can access it in the menu under Current Settings

(Business Partner for Snapshots).

Toensurethattheaccountbalanceisup-to-date,youshouldupdatethisbalanceat

regular intervals.

Figure 82: Displaying Snapshots

Whenyoucalluptheaccountbalancedisplay,thesystemcheckswhetheraunique

businesspartnercanbedeterminedfromtheselectionconditions.

If the system has determined a business partner and a snapshot exists for this

business partner:

• The system imports this snapshot

• Thesystemchecksthecurrentselectionconditions

• Thesystemdisplaystheresultinthelistwithcorrespondinginformationthat

thedataisnotup-to-dateandwiththedateofthesnapshot.

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AC240 Lesson: Account Balance Display

Ifyouareinasnapshotdisplay, youcandeactivatethesnapshotfromthemenu

viaAccountBalance→CurrentStatus. Thesystemthenreadsthecurrentdata.

Figure 83: Documents: Customizing

Search function: The VRGNG (transaction) field is made up of the main

transactionandsubtransactionfields, andenablesyoutosearchforitemswith

specificmainandsubtransactionsbyenteringasingleselectioncriterion.

YoucanalsousethefieldsCPUDT(entrydate)andCPUTM(entrytime)tofind

and display information.

Assigntransactionsforaccountbalancedisplay: Businesspartneritemsarenot

savedforsomedocuments(suchaspaymentdocuments). Textisnotdisplayed

intheaccountbalancedisplay for thesetransactions. However, youcandefine

dummy transactions in this activity, depending on the clearing reason. This

ensures that a text appears in the account balance display. The texts for these

transactions are then displayed.

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Unit2: Documents AC240

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AC240 Lesson: Account Balance Display

Exercise 4: Analysis of Contract Accounts

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Analyze Contract Accounts.

Business Example

Oneofyourbusinesspartnerscallsandrequestsinformationabouthis/heraccount

balance.

Thebusinesspartnerwantstoseeallhis/heraccounttransactions.

Task:

Account Balance Display

1. Displayallopen,non-statisticalitemsforyourbusinesspartnerT-CA0210##

(## = your group number).

_______________________________________________________________

Which line layout variant do you choose?

_______________________________________________________________

2. Changethedisplaytoshowallthestatisticalandnon-statisticalopenitems.

Todoso, choosethelisttype“OP–OpenItems”.

Are items also displayed usingthislist type?

_______________________________________________________________

3. Branch from the display of an installment plan receivable to the display

of the source receivable(s).

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Unit2: Documents AC240

Solution 4: Analysis of Contract Accounts

Task:

Account Balance Display

1. Displayallopen,non-statisticalitemsforyourbusinesspartnerT-CA0210##

(## = your group number).

_______________________________________________________________

Which line layout variant do you choose?

_______________________________________________________________

a) Choose: Accounting→FinancialAccounting→ContractAccounts

ReceivableandPayable→Account→AccountBalance

ListType OPECHT–OpenItems(OnlyNon-Statistical)

LineLayout CA1–FI-CAStandardLineLayout

2. Changethedisplaytoshowallthestatisticalandnon-statisticalopenitems.

Todoso, choosethelisttype“OP–OpenItems”.

Areitems also displayed using thislist type?

_______________________________________________________________

a) Choose list type: OP – Open Items

Installmentplanreceivablesarealsodisplayed.

3. Branch from the display of an installment plan receivable to the display

of the source receivable(s).

a) Double-click an installment plan receivable. From the menu bar,

choose Environment → Source Items → For Installment Plan to

display the source receivables.

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AC240 Lesson: Account Balance Display

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Navigatetotheaccountbalancedisplayandconfigureittomeetyourneeds

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UnitSummary AC240

Unit Summary

You should now be able to:

• ExplaintheconceptofdocumentsandtheprocessesinContractAccounts

Receivable and Payable

• ExplainthespecificstructureofFI-CAdocumentsandtheconfigurationof

document types

• Post documents in FI-CA and explain the special features for entering

documentsinContractAccountsReceivableandPayable

• Explaintheconceptof integrationwiththegeneral ledgerandunderstand

how to process and reconcile the transfer

• Explain howto derive segmentsfor new general ledger accounting from

Contract Accounts Receivable and Payable

• Navigatetotheaccountbalancedisplayandconfigureittomeetyourneeds

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Unit 3

Transactions and Account

Determination

Unit Overview

This unit will enable you to understand:

• The structure of the transactions

• The determination of general ledger accounts

• The tax determination process

• TheCustomizingoftransactionsthatmapyourbusinesstransactions.

Unit Objectives

After completing thisunit, you will beableto:

• Explainthedefinitionandstructureoftransactions

• ConfiguretheautomaticgeneralledgeraccountdeterminationinContract

Accounts Receivable and Payable

• ExplainthespecialfeaturesofthetaxdeterminationfunctionsinContract

Accounts Receivable and Payable

• UnderstandthespecialfeaturesinUStaxdetermination

Unit Contents

Lesson: Structure of Transactions............................................112

Lesson: General Ledger Account Determination...........................118

Lesson: Tax Determination....................................................126

Exercise 5: Configuring Transactions....................................131

Lesson: USA – Tax Jurisdiction Code (Only relevant for US training)...139

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

Lesson: Structure of Transactions

Lesson Overview

This lesson provides an overview of the functions for main transactions and

subtransactioninContractAccountsReceivableandPayable.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Explainthedefinitionandstructureoftransactions

Business Example

Figure 84: Transactions

Atransactionisacombinationofmaintransactionsandsubtransactions.

The texts allocated to the main transactions and subtransactions explain the

correspondingbusinesstransactionandareavailableinallcorrespondence.

The main transaction controls the determination of receivables and payables

accounts.

The subtransaction controls revenue account determination, determination of

the tax determination code and of information about any additional account

assignments(suchasbusinessareaorCOaccountassignmentdata).

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AC240 Lesson: Structure of Transactions

FI-CA and industry-specific versions use internal main transactions and

subtransactions that are assigned internally by variousbusiness processes and

that control these processes. These internal transactions are assigned to the

installation-specific transactions.

IfallFI-CAfunctionsorindustrysolutionsfunctionsareused,internaltransactions

representtheminimum of transactions. Inaddition tothis, for manual posting,

youcanmaintainanynumber of transactionsthatdonotcorrespondtointernal

transactions.

TransactionsinFI-CAmustbespecifiedbycharacteristics,suchasthedebit/credit

indicator, interest key, statistic indicator, and so on. These characteristics are

automaticallytransferredtothedocumentduringposting.

Figure85: AllocatingMainTransactionsandSubtransactions

Internal transactions are those transactions that take place within Contract

AccountsReceivableandPayable(FI-CA)anditsindustry-specificversions. The

mainexamplesofthesetransactionsarecharges,interest,paymentsonaccount,

clarification postings, and so on. Thesemain transactionsand subtransactions

thereforeprovidetheparametersneededtoposttheseinternaltransactions.

Hint: Youhaveto assign eachentry inthistabletoan ID, even if you

havechosennottorenamethetransactions(forexample, if youdonot

wanttorenamemaintransaction0010subtransaction0100,youhaveto

makeidenticalentriesinthefieldsforexternalassignment).

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

TheseinternaltransactionsareusedbydefaultinthesystemsoshouldNOTbe

deleted.

Maintransactionsandsubtransactionsareusedtoidentifyitemsbasedontheir

type(suchasinterestandcharge)aswellasthebusinessprocessfromwhichthey

originated(payments, account statements, andsoon).

This function links each item to a main transaction to which multiple

subtransactionsareassigned. Forexample,thereisamaintransaction“charge”

withassignedsubtransactions“dunningcharge”,“returncharge”,“returncharge

1”,“returncharge2”, “correspondencecharge”, “installmentplancharge”, and

so on.

Figure 86: Maintaining Parameters for Main Transactions and

Subtransactions

Theusercandefinenewentriesinthistableforuseintransactionsnotdefinedas

internaltoFI-CA.Theseadditionalmaintransactionsandsubtransactionsareused

in general ledger account determination.

Youcanalsodefinewhethertheamountenteredcanbenegativeorpositive.

All postings in FI-CA contain information about the underlying business

transactioninthemaintransactionsandsubtransactions. Youcanassignadditional

attributestothetransactionsinCustomizing. Theseattributesarecopiedtothe

businesspartneritemwhenthepostingismadeandcaninfluencethefollowing

business transactions.

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AC240 Lesson: Structure of Transactions

Figure 87: Freely-Defined Transactions

Transactions for account balance display must be freely defined. These

transactionsaredefinedfordocumentsthatdonothaveanybusinesspartneritems

(reversalorpaymentdocuments). Thetransactionisdeterminedusingtheclearing

reasonofthedocumentthatwasclearedbythesedocuments(reversalorpayment

documents). ThesetransactionsmustthenbedefinedinthepostingareasR001

(IS-U), T001 (IS-T), or M001 (IS-M).

Ifdocumentsthatdonothaveanybusinesspartneritemsareclearedthemselves

(byreversalorclearingcancellation),thesystemcreatesabusinesspartneritemto

whichtheclearinginformationcanbewritten. Thistransactionsetinthisitemis

alsodeterminedfromCustomizing. Again,theoriginalclearingreasonisusedfor

determination: posting area 1090and/or 1091.

Any subtransactions can be specified for business transactions that are not

represented in FI-CA processes. These subtransactions are allocated to the

freely-defined main transactions. This enables you, for example, to model

infrequentbusinesstransactionsandusethemformanualposting.

ForSDbillingdocumentsthatarepostedtoFI-CA,thetransactionsaredetermined

basedonseveralcharacteristicsoftheSDbillingdocument. Transactionscanalso

be freely defined here: posting area 1200.

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

Figure88: AllocatinganInternalTransaction-DefinedTransaction

Examples:

• Customer-specific transactions: Other receivables for manual postings

(6000/0010inthetrainingsystem)donotcorrespondtointernaltransactions.

• Dependingonthechargescheduleselectedinthedunningstepsofadunning

procedure,dunningchargesaretobepostedeitherstatisticallyorasrelevant

for the general ledger. The “allocation”, which specifies which defined

transactionistobeusedinthebusinessprocess,ismadeelsewherewiththe

option of creating 1:n relationships.

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AC240 Lesson: Structure of Transactions

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Explainthedefinitionandstructureoftransactions

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

Lesson: General Ledger Account Determination

Lesson Overview

This lesson provides an overview of how to derive general ledger accountsin

Contract AccountsReceivable and Payable.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• ConfiguretheautomaticgeneralledgeraccountdeterminationinContract

Accounts Receivable and Payable

Business Example

Figure 89: Posting Areas

Thepostingareasarebrokendownintothefollowingareas:

• Posting areas for all application areas (for example, posting area used to

identify ataxaccount based onthetax code)

• Postingareasformorethanoneapplicationarea(forexample,postingarea

usedtodeterminethedefaultvaluesforincomingpayments). Youcanmake

anumberofdifferentspecificationsforeachapplicationarea.

• Application-specific posting areas – prefixed by the letter from the

application area

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AC240 Lesson: General Ledger Account Determination

Theactiveapplicationareaisdefinedintheuserparametersorbyselectingthe

application area.

You can maintain the posting areas either in transaction FQC0 or in the

implementationguide. TransactionFQCRisusedtoselectandoutputdatafrom

account determination.

As of SAP ERP 6.0, Enhancement Package 4 (Release 6.04), you can select

specific entries from the list of entries displayed by using the Selection → By

ContentsfunctionintheCustomizingtransactionforaccountdetermination.

YoucanusetransactionFQCRtoselectanddisplayaccountdeterminationdata

acrossallpostingareas. Inthelist,youcanusefunctionssuchasfind,sort,and

total. Whenyouselecttheentry,thesystembranchestothedisplayscreen. You

can navigate to the maintenance screen for the entry by selecting Display →

Change.

Byenteringasearchvalue,youcanusethereport,forexample,toidentifyfrom

what Customizing entry an automatically posted general ledger account was

determined.

Figure 90: Posting Areas

You can always enter multiple derivations. If the system does not display the

necessarykeyfields,displaythembychoosingGoto→SelectKey.

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

AccessSequence: Thesystemfirstattemptstodetermineanentrywiththekey

fieldsthatareused. Ifthisdoesnotwork,thelastkeyfieldisexcludedatthenext

attempt. Atthelastattempt,onlythefirstkeyfieldvalueisused. Youcanchange

thisstandardprocedurewithuser-definedaccesssequences. Todothis,youdefine:

• Whichof thepossiblekey fieldsare relevant for thedetermination of the

G/L account

• In which order the system is to use your key field definitions for the

determination of the G/L accounts

TestyourCustomizingsettingsbyusingthesimulation. Ifthederivationcannot

be simulated, an error analysis is run.

Figure 91: General LedgerAccount Determination 1

General ledger accounts are determined by means of standard account

determinationfunctionality. Thisfunctiontakesasubsetofpostingparameters

andchecksaspecialallocationtablethatissetupinFI-CACustomizing.

G/Laccountdeterminationisdoneusingmaintransactionsandsubtransactions

fromthelineitemsofpostingsandtheaccountdeterminationID.

Depending on the industry component used, the account determination ID is

derivedfromeitherthecontractaccountortheaccountdeterminationIDofthe

contract object or contract.

The event for determining the reconciliation account is 1101. The event for

determining the revenue account is 1100.

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AC240 Lesson: General Ledger Account Determination

Figure 92: General LedgerAccount Determination 2

Each individual posting in the subledger is allocated to exactly one

receivables/payablesaccountinthegeneralledger. Anegativetransferamountis

a credit, and positive amount a debit.

Hint: General ledger accountsusedinlineitemsfor businesspartners

(receivables,payables,downpayments,andsoon)mustbedesignatedas

beingreconciliationaccountcategory“V”. Thispreventsunintentional

directpostingstotheseaccounts,andthusavoidspotentialcomplication

of the reconciliation process.

Revenue Account: The account determination logic for the profit and loss

statement is the same as for balancesheet account determination. A subset of

fieldsisusedfromthedocumentstodetermineautomaticallythegeneralledger

account to which to post.

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

Figure93: AccountDetermination-Reconciliation Account

Thesystemdeterminesthemaintransactionduringbusinesspartnerprocessing

basedontheinternaltransactionanditsallocationtoadefinedtransaction.

When a document is posted for the utilities application area, the account

determinationIDisdeterminedautomaticallyfromthecontractaccount,orfrom

thecontract,ifacontractreferenceisspecifiedinthelineitem. Iftheapplication

areaisinsuranceindustry,theIDisdeterminedautomaticallyfromthecontract.

Forpublicsector, theIDisdeterminedautomaticallyfromthecontractaccount

or the contract object.

TheaccountdeterminationIDcontrolsdeterminationofthereceivablesaccountin

FI-CA(togetherwiththemaintransactionresultingfromthebusinesstransaction).

Thecompanycodeand,potentially,thedivisionarefurthercriteria.

Thesamereceivablesaccountisdeterminedforidenticalbusinesstransactionsfor

contractaccountswiththesameaccountdeterminationIDs, suchasresidential

customers or companies connected inland.

YoucanusedifferentaccountdeterminationIDstoaccessdifferentreceivables

accounts in general ledger accounting.

Theaccountassignmentdatarelevantformaintransactionsisstoredintheposting

areasS000(FI-CAX),R000(IS-U),T000(IS-T),M000(IS-M),andP000(Public

Sector).

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AC240 Lesson: General Ledger Account Determination

Figure 94: AccountDetermination: SalesRevenue Account

Salesrevenueaccountdeterminationalsorequiresthesubtransaction.

Thisenablesyoutoallocatedifferentrevenueaccountstoonebusinesstransaction

(main transaction) by defining special subtransactions. It is also possible to

allocatedifferentrevenueaccountsforeachcompanycodeanddivision.

Thebusinessareaandtaxonsalesandpurchasesdeterminationcodearedefined

in revenue account determination. Further account assignment characteristics

(suchascostcenterandprofitcenter)arealsostoredthereusingtheCOaccount

assignment key.

The account assignment data relevant for transactions is stored in the posting

areasS001(FI-CAX),R001(IS-U),T001(IS-T),M001(IS-M),andP001(Public

Sector).

As of SAP ERP 6.0, Enhancement Package4, account assignment for a profit

center is supported not only for expenses and revenues, but also for other line

items. Theseenhancements have been made for:

• Postingstobankaccounts,bankclearingaccounts,andcashaccounts

• Postingstoreceivablesandpayablesaccountsanddownpaymentaccounts

• Postings to tax accounts

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

To use these enhancements for the profit center in FI-CA, makethe following

settings in Customizing:

• Activatetheprofitcentersforbusinesspartneritems

Youactivatetheprofitcentersforeachcompanycode. InCustomizingfor

ContractAccountsReceivableandPayable,chooseOrganizationalUnits→

SetUpCompanyCodesforContractAccountsReceivableandPayable.

• Check the field status groups

Thereis a field statusgroup (on theCreate/Bank/Interest tab page in the

G/L account master records for receivables accounts, payable accounts,

downpaymentaccounts, bankaccounts, cashaccounts, and taxaccounts.

Youcandisplaythevaluesforthegroupbydouble-clickingthegroup. The

ProfitCenterfieldshouldbeanoptionalentryfield. Ifyouneedtochange

thesettingof afieldstatusgroup, chooseFinancial Accounting(New)→

FinancialAccountingGlobalSettings(New)→Ledgers→Fields→Define

FieldStatusVariants. Onthenextscreen,selectthefieldstatusvariantsfor

the required company codeandnavigate to the maintenance for the field

status groups.

• Define default values for the cash desk

You specify default values for the profit center and business area in

Customizing for Contract AccountsReceivableand Payablebychoosing

BusinessTransactions→Payments→ProcessingIncomingandOutgoing

Payments → Cash Desk/Cash Journal → Define Default Account

Assignments.

• Adjust theaccountassignmentkeysfor COobjects

If you have defined account assignment keys for which you derive CO

objects dependent on company code, business area, or segment, check

whether you now need to make the settings for each profit center. This

is necessary, for example, if you derive a cost center and a profit center

is defined in the cost center. In this case, the profit center in the derived

costcentershouldbethesameastheprofitcenterpreviouslycopiedfrom

a business partner item. You make the settings in Contract Accounts

Receivable and Payable by choosing Basic Functions → Postings and

Documents → Document → Define Account Assignment for Automatic

Postings→DefineCOAccountAssignmentKeys.

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AC240 Lesson: General Ledger Account Determination

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• ConfiguretheautomaticgeneralledgeraccountdeterminationinContract

Accounts Receivable and Payable

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

Lesson: Tax Determination

Lesson Overview

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• ExplainthespecialfeaturesofthetaxdeterminationfunctionsinContract

Accounts Receivable and Payable

Business Example

Figure 95: Tax: Tax Code Determination

The determination of the indicator for posting sales tax is connected with the

determinationoftherevenueaccountforabusinesstransaction.

In the table TE011, the valid sales tax code for general ledger accounting is

determined historically (that is, the periods for which a tax code is valid are

defined), based on the tax determination code determined in revenue account

determination.

Thetaxaccountstobeposted arespecifiedin postingarea0010 depending on

companycode, salestaxcode, andtax transaction.

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AC240 Lesson: Tax Determination

Figure 96: Tax: Tax Change

Example: Tax increase from 16% to 19%:

• The tax on sales and purchases determination code A1 is valid from

01/01/1993 to 12/31/2006.

• ThetaxonsalesandpurchasescodeA1isvalidingeneralledgeraccounting

for this period.

• Thetaxcode(AA)resultingfromthechangeoftaxmustbenewlydefinedin

general ledger accounting.

• In FI-CA, a new validity period is specified, to which the new tax code

is allocated.

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

Figure 97: Splitting Tax Items

AsofSAPERP6.0,EnhancementPackage4, anenhancedaccountassignment

of postings to accounts for tax on sales and purchases is available. This also

includestheoptionofsplittingtaxamountsandtaxbaseamountsacrossdifferent

account assignments.

Theenhancedaccountassignmentoptionappliestothefollowingfields: business

area, segment, profit center, commitment item, funds center, fund, functional

area, funded program, and grant.

Ifyouwant tousetheenhancedaccount assignment for tax items, youhaveto

activatethisoptioninCustomizingforeachcompanycode. Ifthenewfunctionis

active, thesystemdeterminesfor eachtaxitemall other related G/L itemsthat

have the same tax code. These items can contain various combinations of the

account assignmentslisted above. The system determinesthetotal amount for

eachcombination. Thetaxitemisthenmathematicallysplitintosubitemsandthe

relevantaccountassignmentcombinationisassignedtoeachsubitem.

Thesubitemsarerelevantforupdatingtotalsrecordsforthereconciliationkeyand

thereforealso for updating the general ledger.

IntheFI-CAdocumentdisplay, thetaxitemsareinitiallydisplayedasusual. If

theaccountassignmentisunique,thetaxitemisdisplayedinthesamewayasfor

other generalledgeritems. If thereare differing account assignments, you can

displaythesplitusingthenewAccountAssignmentpushbutton.

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AC240 Lesson: Tax Determination

Figure98: TransactionsandAccountDetermination: Customizing

In the “Maintain Transactions ... for industry component... or Non-Industry

Contract Accounts Receivable and Payable” activity, you can define main

transactions and subtransactions, carry outallocations to internal transactions,

makecross-industrysettings,andaddattributestothetransactions.

The consistency check program RFKK_TRANSACTION_CONS_CHECK

checkswhethertransactionconfigurationsarecompleteandplausible.

Intheaccountassignmentsfordownpaymentsandcharges,youcandefinethe

transactionsthatareautomaticallypostedwhendownpaymentrequests,budget

billingrequests, orstatistical chargesreceivablesarecleared. Youdefinethese

transactionsaccordingtothestatisticalkeys. Thestatisticaldocumentitemsform

thebasisforposting. Accountassignmentsthatcannotbetakenfromthestatistical

documentitemsmustbedefinedherein thesystem.

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

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AC240 Lesson: Tax Determination

Exercise 5: Configuring Transactions

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Explain indetail transactiondefinitionin FI-CA

• ExplaintheconceptofaccountdeterminationinFI-CA

• Explainhowsalesandpurchasestaxdeterminationworks

Business Example

FI-CArequiresdefinedtransactionsinordertopostdocuments.

Theposting inthesubledgerisalsousedto determineaccount assignmentsfor

the general ledger.

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Unit3: TransactionsandAccountDetermination AC240

Task 1: Concept

1. WhatdoesatransactionconsistofandwhatdoesitrepresentinFI-CA?

2. Whatcontrollingtasksformthebasisofthetransactionconcept?

3. What is a posting area?

Task 2: Definitions

1. Defineanewtransaction: SB##/FO##(##=groupnumber)“Otherpostings

group ## / Receivables group ##’”. Add the necessary attributes to this

transactionusingpostingareaC100andthedivision<leaveempty>.

2. DefinetheaccountdeterminationinthechartofaccountsINT:

Receivablesaccount: 140520

Revenue account: 800525

AccountdeterminationID: 01

Tax on sales/purchases A1

determinationcode:

Business area: 9900

Continued on next page

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AC240 Lesson: Tax Determination

3. Post a document to contract account T-CA0210## by using your new

transaction SB## / FO##.

4. Whydoesyourtransactionnothavetobeallocatedtoaninternaltransaction?

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