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ª SAP AG 1999
n You will need to determine the accounts to be posted in several different areas:
n G/L accounts for posting sales revenue, sales deductions, and VAT are to be determined
automatically when data is transferred from the billing document to FI.
n When processing cash sales, a G/L account must be set in the document for cash settlement (no
posting to customer account).
n As of Release 4.0, a reconciliation account can be determined that differs from the account that is
located in the payer master record.
n When using payment cards, you also need to post to differing G/L accounts.
© SAP AG LO615 10-5
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ª SAP AG 1999
n The sales revenue accounts are created in FI, in order to receive certain evaluations and to be able to
carry out reconciliation with the Profitability Analysis.
n For this reason you can set different criteria for account determination of the relevant accounts. The
following criteria are defined in the standard system:
Ø
Chart of accounts
Ø
Sales organization
Ø
Account assignment group for payer
(this allows you to divide customers into different groups, e.g. domestic and overseas customers)
Ø
Account assignment group for materials
(this allows you to divide materials into different groups, e.g. services and retail goods)
Ø
Account key
(account keys are assigned to the condition types in the pricing procedures, this allows conditions
such as freight conditions to posted to special freight revenue accounts).
n You must ensure that the configurations you make for account assignment match the configurations
in FI and CO.
© SAP AG LO615 10-6
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(cid:22)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)RUJDQL]DWLRQ 0DWHULDO (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) $FFRXQW
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(cid:23)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)RUJDQL]DWLRQ $FFRXQW(cid:3)NH\
(cid:24)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)RUJDQL]DWLRQ
5HFRUGV(cid:3)IRU(cid:3)FRQGLWLRQ(cid:3)W\SH(cid:3).2),
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ª SAP AG 1999
n Account determination is carried out using the condition technique.
n Depending upon the billing type, an account determination procedure is assigned for G/L accounts.
n This determination procedure contains one or more condition types to which an access sequence is
assigned.
n This access sequence is composed of individual accesses in the form of condition tables.
n The condition tables contain the fields and/or field combinations upon which sales revenue
determination depends.
n The key fields are filled with document data, so that the system can search for a corresponding G/L
account for the relevant combination.
n If an access determines a G/L account, then it is set in the accounting document and the search is
terminated.
n 1RWH:
Ø
The account for posting VAT is not determined in SD account determination. The relevant
assignment is stored in FI Customizing.
Ø
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© SAP AG LO615 10-7
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%XVLQHVV(cid:3)DUHD(cid:3)(cid:20) 81,(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:3)
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%XVLQHVV(cid:3)DUHD(cid:3)(cid:23) 81,(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:3)
ª SAP AG 1999
n A company code represents an independent accounting unit. The balance sheet and the profit and
loss statement required by law are created at this level.
n A business area can report financial information across several company codes with regard to
specific fields of activity (for example, division-related).
n Business area balance sheets and profit and loss statements can only be used for internal reporting.
n G/L accounts can be posted by business area.
n The business area has no fixed assignment in Customizing; it is determined per order item according
to certain rules.
© SAP AG LO615 10-8
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55XXOOHH(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)33OODDQQWW(cid:18)(cid:18),,WWHHPP(cid:3)(cid:3)GGLLYY(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:29)(cid:29) (cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:26)(cid:26) %%XXVVLLQQHHVVVV(cid:3)(cid:3)DDUUHHDD(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)
ª SAP AG 1999
n You can specify the rules you want to use for determining the business area for each sales area.
n Three rules are available (this cannot be extended):
Ø
Business area assignment by plant and item division.
Ø
Business area assignment by sales area.
Ø
Business area assignment by sales organization, distribution channel, and item division.
n This can lead to different business areas being determined for several items within the same order.
As of Release 4.0, the system will automatically create several accounts receivable posting lines for
the relevant business areas when this occurs.
© SAP AG LO615 10-9
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ª SAP AG 1999
© SAP AG LO615 10-10
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At the end of these exercises, you will be able to:
• Describe the criteria for account determination
• Carry out the procedure for account determination
You want to improve account determination at your company for
agreements in FI. Some of your customers are affiliated companies. In the
future, you want sales revenue from these customers to be posted to a
special account for sales revenue from affiliated companies. Create a new
account assignment group for customers in order to differentiate between
your normal customers and your affiliated company customers.
1-1 Your customer T-S66C## is one of your affiliated companies. The sales revenues that
you receive from this customer are to be posted to account 802000 in the future.
1-1-1 In Customizing, save group 80+## as a new account assignment group for
customers
1-1-2 Change the account group for customer T-S66C## in the customer master
record to 80+##, in order to create the required differentiation.
1-2 Display the accounting document for the billing document that you have already
analyzed in the unit ‘Introduction’, that is, the billing document for the standard order
with the purchase order number ##Lo615-A3. Which account have the sales revenues
been posted to up to now?
________________________________________________________________
© SAP AG LO615 10-11
第 151 页 / 共 203 页
1-3 In the future, the sales revenue of affiliated companies is to be posted to account
802000.
1-3-1 First check which account key is assigned to the condition type PR00 in the
pricing procedure RVAA01 which you are using. Write it down.
__________________________________________________________
1-3-2 When the following combination occurs - sales organization 1000, account
assignment group of the customer is 80+##, account assignment group of the
material is 01, and the account key described above - posting should be made to
account 802000.
In which condition table do you need to make an entry?
Hint:
Up to now, GLL account assignment has been made by key fields previously
defined during account determination (sales organization, account assignment
group customer, account assignment group material, account key).
__________________________________________________________
1-3-3 Carry this out in Customizing.
(Note: Application V, condition type KOFI and chart of accounts INT)
1-3-4 Have a look at the result of your work by creating and billing a standard order
(OR) for your customer T-S66C##, material T-ASA## (1 piece), purchase order
number: ##LO615-KO. Carry out all the necessary steps (creating outbound
delivery, posting picking and goods issue). Analyze the posting in FI by
viewing the accounting document.
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1-1 Your customer T-S66C## is one of your affiliated companies. The sales revenues that
you receive from this customer are to be posted to account 802000 in the future.
1-1-1 In Customizing, save group 80+## as a new account assignment group for
customers
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DVVLJQPHQW(cid:3)fi(cid:3)&XVWRPHUV(cid:3)$FFRXQW(cid:3)DVVLJQPHQW(cid:3)JURXSV
Enter(cid:3)DFFRXQW(cid:3)DVVLJQPHQW(cid:3)JURXS(cid:3)(cid:27)(cid:19)(cid:14)(cid:6)(cid:6)(cid:3)as a new entry
’HVFULSWLRQ(cid:3)5HYHQXHV(cid:3)JURXS(cid:3)(cid:6)(cid:6)
Example for group 13
Entry: Account assignment group customer: (cid:28)(cid:22) (80+13), Description: 5HYHQXHV
JURXS(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:22)(cid:12)
1-1-2 Change the account group for customer T-S66C## in the customer master
record to 80+##, in order to create the required differentiation.
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6DOHV(cid:3)DUHD(cid:3)GDWD–(cid:3)WDE(cid:3)SDJH(cid:29)(cid:3)Choose(cid:3)%LOOLQJ(cid:3)GRFXPHQW.
Enter your newly created account assignment group in the $FFRXQW(cid:3)DVVLJQPHQW
JURXS field
1-2 Which account have the sales revenues been posted to up to now?
/RJLVWLFV(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)’LVWULEXWLRQ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)%LOOLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)%LOOLQJ(cid:3)GRFXPHQW(cid:3)fi(cid:3)’LVSOD\(cid:15)
3XVKEXWWRQ(cid:3)$FFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)and choose the DFFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)GRFXPHQW
=> all VDOHV(cid:3)UHYHQXHV have so far been posted to DFFRXQW(cid:3)(cid:27)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:21)
© SAP AG LO615 10-13
第 153 页 / 共 203 页
1-3 In the future, the sales revenue of affiliated companies is to be posted to account
802000.
1-3-1 Checking the account key for condition type PR00 in the pricing procedure
RVAA01 used.
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5HYHQXH(cid:3)DFFRXQW(cid:3)GHWHUPLQDWLRQ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)’HILQH(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)DVVLJQ(cid:3)DFFRXQW(cid:3)NH\V(cid:3)fi(cid:3)$VVLJQ
DFFRXQW(cid:3)NH\V
Click on the standard pricing procedure 59$$(cid:19)(cid:20)
=> condition type PR00 is assigned to account key ERL
1-3-2 In which condition table do you need to make an entry?
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Display the accesses for the access sequence KOFI and the selected key fields.
You must maintain this entry for FRQGLWLRQ(cid:3)WDEOH(cid:3)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:20), which contains the key
fields for sales organization, account assignment group, material and account
key.
1-3-3 Carry this out in Customizing.
(Note: Application V, condition type KOFI and chart of accounts INT)
&XVWRPL]LQJ(cid:29)
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Select WDEOH(cid:3)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:20) and make a new entry:
$SSOLFDWLRQ(cid:29)(cid:3)9
&RQG(cid:17)W\SH(cid:29)(cid:3).2),
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0DWHULDO(cid:3)DFFRXQW(cid:3)DVVLJQPHQW(cid:3)JURXS(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:19)(cid:20)
$FFRXQW(cid:3)NH\(cid:29)(cid:3)(5/
*(cid:18)/(cid:3)DFFRXQW(cid:29)(cid:3)(cid:27)(cid:19)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)
1-3-4 Analyze the posting in FI by viewing the accounting document.
The sales revenues should now be posted to the DFFRXQW(cid:3)(cid:27)(cid:19)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19). In the billing
document, you can find more detailed information on the account determination
by choosing (QYLURQPHQW(cid:3)fi(cid:3)$FF(cid:17)GHWHUP(cid:17)DQDO\VLV(cid:3)fi(cid:3)5HYHQXH(cid:3)DFFRXQWV.
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ª SAP AG 1999
n The system sends billing data in invoices, credit memos, and debit memos to Financial Accounting
and posts them to the correct accounts.
n The following data can be changed before an accounting document is created:
Ø
Billing date
Ø
Pricing
Ø
Account determination
Ø
Output determination data
n Once the billing document has been released to accounts, you can only change output data.
© SAP AG LO615 11-5
第 159 页 / 共 203 页
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ª SAP AG 1999
n Normally, the system automatically transfers accounting-related data to Financial Accounting.
n However, you might not want the data to be transferred automatically for certain billing types. In that
case you can set a posting block for the billing type concerned.
n The system will then generate the accounting documents only after you have released the billing
documents.
n This allows you to generate SD billing documents first, then print out the billing documents and
finally, transfer them to Financial Accounting. In this way you can improve system performance, for
example.
n 1RWH: The system either generates all or none of the accounting documents. This means that if the
posting block is active, or errors have occurred during account determination, the system will not
create CO documents. The accounting documents will not be created until you have de-activated the
block or corrected the error.
© SAP AG LO615 11-6
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n You can automatically fill the 5HIHUHQFH(cid:3)QXPEHU and $OORFDWLRQ(cid:3)QXPEHU fields in the accounting
document with numbers from SD documents.
n The reference number is in the header of the accounting document and is used for clearing.
n The allocation number is in the customer line item and is used for sorting line numbers.
n In Customizing for copying control in billing, you can define which numbers will be copied as
reference or allocation numbers:
Ø
A - Purchase order number
Ø
B - Sales order number
Ø
C - Delivery number
Ø
D - External delivery number
Ø
E - Billing document number
Ø
F - External delivery number if available, otherwise delivery number
© SAP AG LO615 11-7
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01 90000001 90000001 A UNI 1000
01 90000002 90000002 A UNI 1000
01 90000003 90000003 A UNI 1000
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01 90000001 90000004 - UNI 1000
01 90000002 90000004 - UNI 1000
01 90000003 90000004 - UNI 1000
11 90000004 90000004 - UNI -30
ª SAP AG 1999
n You must first create billing documents and post them to Financial Accounting before you combine
them into an invoice list. The number that was saved as a reference number in copying control is
then transferred to FI.
n When the invoice list is created, the reference number from the invoice list overwrites the reference
numbers from the individual billing documents.
n This enables you to post incoming payments with the invoice list number.
© SAP AG LO615 11-8
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 3RVWLQJ(cid:3)NH\ | %LOO(cid:17)(cid:3)GRF(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:3)QR(cid:17) | 5HI(cid:17)(cid:3)QR(cid:17) | ’XQQLQJ(cid:3)EORFN | 2SHQ(cid:3)LWHPV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 01 01 11 | 90000001 90000002 90000003 90000004 | 90000004 90000004 90000004 90000004 | - - - - | UNI 1000 UNI 1000 UNI 1000 UNI -30 |
第 162 页 / 共 203 页
7UDQVDFWLRQ(cid:16)5HODWHG(cid:3)’RFXPHQW(cid:3)7\SHV
),
’RF(cid:17)(cid:3)W\SH(cid:3)’5
6’
)(cid:21)
6’ ’RF(cid:17)(cid:3)W\SH(cid:3)’*
*(cid:21)
’ 6’ 5 ’RF(cid:17)(cid:3)W\SH(cid:3)11
ª SAP AG 1999
n You can differentiate between documents in Financial Accounting by using the document type. This
is stored in the document header.
n As of Release 4.0, you are able to carry out differentiated evaluations in Financial Accounting and
control differentiated number assignments, by using the ’RFXPHQW(cid:3)W\SH field within the billing
document type configuration. This enables you to transfer the document type for each different
billing type.
n If there is no information in this field, the system will continue to transfer the document type RV to
Financial Accounting across the FI/CO interface.
© SAP AG LO615 11-9
第 163 页 / 共 203 页
+HDG(cid:3)2IILFH(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)%UDQFKHV
), 2SHQ(cid:3)LWHPV(cid:29)
%UDQFK(cid:18)KHDG(cid:3)RIILFH 6’ KUNNR: Payer
GRF 3D\HU
ILHOG %LOOLQJ FILKD: Sold-to party
(cid:3)EODQN GRFXPHQW
%UDQFK(cid:18)KHDG(cid:3)RIILFH 6’ ), 2SHQ(cid:3)LWHPV(cid:29)
ILHOG %LOOLQJ KUNNR: Sold-to party GRF 6ROG(cid:16)WR(cid:3)SDUW\
(cid:3)$ GRFXPHQW
%UDQFK(cid:18)KHDG(cid:3)RIILFH 6’ ), 2SHQ(cid:3)LWHPV(cid:29)
ILHOG %LOOLQJ KUNNR: Payer GRF 3D\HU
(cid:3)% GRFXPHQW
ª SAP AG 1999
n When maintaining master data, you can represent the relationship between the head office and its
branches.
n You can either represent this relationship with the partner functions in SD, or with the +HDG(cid:3)RIILFH
field in the accounting segment of the customer master record.
n Up until now, you had to maintain the accounting segment completely for this function for both
customers. If accounting data was missing for the branch, the system could create billing documents
for the branch but could not transfer them to Accounting.
n The partner functions in SD vary enormously according to customer requirements. For example, the
sold-to party can also function as the ship-to party.
n Customers therefore asked whether it would be possible not to have to maintain the accounting
segment if the branch of a company acted as the sold-to party and therefore, as a pure SD customer.
n You can use the +HDG(cid:3)RIILFH(cid:18)EUDQFK field in the billing type to control which partner functions in the
billing document should be transferred to Financial Accounting. The characteristics of this field then
decide whether the sold-to party or the payer should be entered in the KUNNR (customer number)
field in the billing header.
n If you leave this field blank, the system will ignore any relationship stored in the FI +HDG(cid:3)RIILFH
field. For all the other settings, the relationship stored in FI has priority over the relationship
described by the SD partner functions.
© SAP AG LO615 11-10
第 164 页 / 共 203 页
1HJDWLYH(cid:3)3RVWLQJV
&XVWRPHU(cid:3)DFFRXQW
6’
))(cid:21)(cid:21) %LOO(cid:17)(cid:3)GRF(cid:17) 81,(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:15)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)
&UHGLW(cid:3)PHPR(cid:18)
&DQFHO(cid:17) (cid:16)(cid:3)81,(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:15)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)
**(cid:21)(cid:21)6(cid:18)(cid:18)’66(cid:20)(cid:20)
1HJDWLYH(cid:3)SRVWLQJ(cid:3)ILHOG(cid:29)(cid:3);
7RWDO (cid:19) 7RWDO (cid:19)
ª SAP AG 1999
n In the SAP standard system, cancellations and credit memos are posted on the opposite side of the
account than posting receivables to the customer.
n In the totals line for the account, "sales" have been recorded on both account sides. The total is
greater than zero but nothing has been sold.
n Customers requested that credit memos and cancellations could be posted on the same side as
receivables. This allows the account to have a zero balance. The totals line in the account can also be
zero, in other words, a sale does not take place.
n If you wish to do this, you must activate the 1HJDWLYH(cid:3)SRVWLQJV field for the billing types for credit
memos and cancellations.
n The system transfers this information to Financial Accounting across the FI-CO interface.
n This setting only changes the display of open items. It has no effect on the processes in FI.
n Note that negative posting only takes place in Financial Accounting if permitted by the company
code. (This is controlled in table 001.)
© SAP AG LO615 11-11
第 165 页 / 共 203 页
9DOXH(cid:3)’DWHG(cid:3)&UHGLW(cid:3)0HPRV
3HULRG(cid:3)(cid:24) 3HULRG(cid:3)(cid:25)
*(cid:21)
ª SAP AG 1999
© SAP AG LO615 11-12
(cid:24)
(cid:19)(cid:25)(cid:18)(cid:20)(cid:18)(cid:25)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:15)(cid:17) (cid:26)+
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n Previously, when creating credit memo requests with reference to a billing document, the billing
dates (= baseline date for payment) for the two billing documents were different. This made it
impossible to reconcile the receivables and payables.
n As of Release 4.0, the period for the billing document baseline payment date can be used as the basis
for value dating the credit memo.
n Controlling processing of credit memo value dating is carried out via the 9DOXH(cid:3)GDWHG(cid:3)FUHGLW(cid:3)PHPR
field in billing types.
n If this indicator is blank, then the procedure continues as usual, that is, the credit memo is due
immediately on the billing date. The baseline date for payment is the same as the billing date in the
credit memo. The payables are reconciled in the next payment run in Financial Accounting.
n If the 9DOXH(cid:3)GDWHG(cid:3)FUHGLW(cid:3)PHPR field is set in the billing type, then the referenced billing document is
not reconciled if the baseline payment date for the originating billing document comes after the
billing date in the credit memo: then the field VALDT (value date) in the credit memo request is
filled with the baseline payment date from the originating billing document.
n If the baseline date for payment comes before the current billing date in the credit memo, however,
then the billing date is not copied.
第 166 页 / 共 203 页
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DQG(cid:3)WKH(cid:3)EUDQFK(cid:3)RIILFHV(cid:15)
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9DOXH(cid:3)’DWHG(cid:3)&UHGLW(cid:3)0HPRV(cid:3)DIIHFW(cid:3)WKH(cid:3)ELOOLQJ(cid:3)W\SH(cid:17)
ª SAP AG 1999
© SAP AG LO615 11-13
第 167 页 / 共 203 页
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7RSLF(cid:29)(cid:3)3RVWLQJ(cid:3)%ORFN
At the end of these exercises, you will be able to:
• Explain the effects of setting a posting block
The terms of payment in the trade fair billing documents you created are
to be checked before the documents are sent to financial accounting.
Therefore, you want to make sure trade fair billing documents are
individually released rather than automatically transferred into FI.
1-1 Trade fair billing documents should not be forwarded to financial accounting
immediately after they are created.
1-1-1 Set the parameters for your trade fair billing type ZF## that are necessary to
achieve the desired result.
1-1-2 Have a look at the result of your work by creating and billing a trade fair ZA##-
order (customer: T-S66A##, material:T-ASA## (1 piece), purchase order
number: ##LO615-BS). Carry out all the necessary steps (creating outbound
delivery, picking, and goods issue). What message appears when you save the
billing document?
___________________________________________________________
1-1-3 After you have checked the terms of payment, what step must you take to create
the accounting documents?
There are two ways to carry out this step. Name both options.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
1-1-4 Now execute this step in one of the two ways you listed above in order to create
the accounting documents.