AC605_EN_Col92_FV_Part_A4 (第9页) | ERP软件技术分享

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AC605 Lesson: Overview of Financial Analytics

Drill-downreportingallowsflexibleanalysisofbusinessdata. Accordingtothe

typeofdatayoureport,drill-downreportingoffersdifferentoutputandnavigation

possibilities. Eachoutputtypehasanindividualemphasis,asshownabove.

Figure 126: Functions in Drill-down Reporting

Thefunctionsofdrill-downreportingaredividedintothreelevelssothatyoucan

giveeachuseronlythefunctionsthattheuserrequires:

• Step1: Containsthebasicfunctionsofdrill-downreportingandenablesyou

to send reports by SAPmail. This level is designed for users who do not

requiretheentirefunctionsofdrill-downreporting.

• Step 2: Contains the rest of the drill-down functions and enables you to

displaygraphicsanddownloadreportstoMicrosoftExcel.

• Allfunctions: includesallfunctionsindrill-downreporting,includingthe

print setup function and thefunctionsfor saving report dataand defining

exceptions. Thislevelisdesignedforuserswhoneedtoprintandmodify

reportsinadditiontoalltheinteractivedrill-downfunctions.

Youcandefinetherequiredlevelforeachuserbyenteringtheparameter,RLV(0

=Allfunctions,1=Level1,2=Level2)intheuser'suserparameters.

Remember: Theindividualfunctionlevelsaresubjecttoanauthorizationcheck.

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Figure 127: ABC- Analysis

With thehelp of thevariousanalysisfunctions, you can classifyandrankyour

CO-PAdata. Therearethreeanalysisfunctionsavailable:

• Cumulative curve

• ABC analysis

• Classification

Figure 128: Ranking Report Data

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Anexceptionisarulethatdetermineswhethertheperformanceofaprofitability

segmentdifferssignificantlyfromwhathadbeenexpected. Youcandefinethe

exceptionsforanykeyfigureinacelloranentirecolumnofareport.

Anexceptionconsistsoftwothresholdvaluesthatdeterminetherangeoftolerance

withinwhichthevaluemightmove. Ifthevalueexceedstheupperthresholdor

fallsbelowthelowerthreshold,thesystemdisplaysitinthecolorthatwasdefined

forthatthreshold,greenorred. Therearetwobasictypesofexceptions. Youcan

defineanexception for asinglecell, which isanintersection betweenonerow

andonecolumn, or foranentirecolumn. Youcanonly defineanexceptionon

a drill-down list. After you have done so, the exception is also applied to the

correspondingdetaillistandcanbechangedfromthere.

Thatmeansthattheexceptionisvalidforthatcolumnoneverylistateverylevel

ofthereport. Intheaboveexample,thelistontheleftcontainstherevenueforthe

variouscountriesandthevariancecomparedwiththepreviousyear. Anexception

isdefinedfor thecolumn, “Percentagevariance”. Whenyoudrilldownonthe

country,“USA”,youseetheregionsintheUS,therevenueearnedineachregion,

andthepercentagevariance. Theexceptionruledefinedforthesecondcolumnis

alsoappliedtothislist. Thismeansthattheexceptionischeckedfortheindividual

countries as well as the individual regions.

When you define an exception for a cell, it only applies to that cell on that

particular list. Thatmeansthat the exceptionisnot visibleif you drill downto

the next level.

Figure 129: Formatting Options

Youcanmakeanumberofsettingsdirectlyfromadisplayedreportlisttodefine

how the data should be displayed and printed. The settings include changing

thecurrency,thecharacteristicdisplay,howthetotalrowsaredisplayed,sorting

functions, suchassortcolumns, switchingdisplayvariants, suchascumulative

on/off, and various print settings.

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Currency: Translatesthedisplayedcurrencytoanyothercurrencyfortheselected

column(s). Thecurrencytranslationkeyisusedtoautomaticallyfindtheexchange

rate. YoudefinethecurrencytranslationkeysinCustomizing.

Sort: Enablesyou to sort the rowsof the list in ascending or descendingorder

accordingtothevaluescontainedinthecolumnwhereyouhavepositionedthe

cursor. Thesystemdisplaysadialogboxinwhichyoucandecidewhetheryou

wanttosortthecolumnorcolumngroupalphabeticallyaccordingtothekeyor

textofthecharacteristicvalues,thekeyfigure,orwhereapplicable,ahierarchyor

hierarchy display.

Number format: Enables you to change the number format and the sign for

individualcolumns. Whichsettingsyoucanmakedependsonthereportandthe

listtypedisplayed,whichcanbeadrill-downordetaillist.

Figure 130: Executing Reports

When you execute a drill-down report online, the system displays a Selection

screenwhereyouspecifywhatdatayouwanttosee. Youcandefinetheselection

variantsto simplifythisprocess. Aselection variantcontainsaset of selection

parameters and other settings for a report.

Youcanalsousetheselectionvariantstoexecutereportsinthebackground. You

dothisbyfirstdefiningavariantgroupandenteringanumberofselectionvariants

forthedifferentreportsinthatgroup. Then, youcanscheduletheentirevariant

group for background processing.

Inthisway,avariantgroupenablesyoutocombineseparatetasksintoonestep:

• Scheduledifferentcombinationsofvariablesforonereport

• Schedule variants for different reports

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AC605 Lesson: Overview of Financial Analytics

You can schedule a job after you have defined the variant group and selected

the required reports. This job can also be scheduled for execution in regular

intervals. Formoreinformation,seethedocumentation, BCComputingCenter

Management System.

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AC605 Lesson: Overview of Financial Analytics

Exercise 16: Financial Analytics Overview

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Usethebasicnavigationfunctionsindrill-downreporting

• Exploretheoptionsavailableindrill-downreporting

Business Example

YouobservesomeexistingCO-PAreportstoevaluatetheiruseintheday-to-day

reportingneedsofyourcompanyandestablishhowdatacanbeviewed,sorted,

and displayed online.

Task 1:

Now run CO-PA report IDES-050. This report consists of several different

product-specificnavigationlevels. Executethereportforactualdatafortheperiod

ofmonthsfrom1through12inthecurrentfiscalyearforthesalesorganization,

1000.

1. Explorebasicdrill-downnavigation. Theinitialreportdisplaysthedatafor

thecurrentfiscalyearsortedbydivision. Drilldowntoallthecustomersin

Division, 01. Howmanycustomersaredisplayed?

Drilldowntotheproductssoldtothecustomer,1000,BeckerBerlin. Which

productsweresoldtoBeckerBerlininthecurrentfiscalyear?

Displayallthesoldproductsinalldivisionsandforallcustomersinsales

organization 1000. You search for the product M-11, inorder to find out

which division sells it.

Positionyourcursor onCustomer1000, right-click, andcancel Selection.

PositionthecursorontheDivision,01,right-click,andcancelSelection. In

thisway,ALLarticlessoldinsalesorganization1000aredisplayed. Search

forproductM-11inthelistdisplayed,inordertostartyourdrilldown.

2. Yourmanagershaveaskedyoutoidentifythetoptencustomers,basedon

revenuein salesorganization1000. Which istheTop Customer? Cancel

yourdrill-downselectionfortheproduct,M-11, first.

Where is this customer located?

PositionthecursoronthecustomerandselectAttributes.

Deletetherankingafteryouhavereviewedyourresults.

Continued on next page

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3. Yoursalesmanagerwouldliketoviewallthecustomerswithsalesgreater

than5,000.00,andtheoneswithsaleslessthan1,000.00. Toenablethis,you

set up an exception.

Howmanycustomersfall intotheupper bracket?

Deletetheconditionafterreviewingyourresults.

4. Next,changethenumberformatoftheSalesquantitycolumn.

Aggregateyourreportdatabackuptothedivisionlevelbycancelingany

drill-down selections you have made.

Next,youwanttodisplaythesalesquantitiesforeachdivisionasapiechart

andwouldalsoliketodisplayalegendforthedatadisplayed.

Youalsowanttochangesomeofthecolorsforeasyviewing.

5. AsalesemployeewantstocarryoutanABCanalysisforallproductssoldin

salesorganization1000. Shewantstolookatthebest20%, thenext50%

andthelast30%oftheproducts,basedonrevenue. YoushowhertheABC

analysis feature in the ABAP list viewer, which can be directly accessed

from the report.

Whichproducts are groupedin thetop20%?

Exit the report without saving your data.

Task 2:

Next, take a look at a standard drill-down report. Again, execute the report,

IDES-050,butthistimeselecttheClassicNavigationoutputtype. Usethesame

parameters as above.

Execute the report.

1. Drill down to thecustomerandproduct level.

Navigatesothatyoucanseeallthekeyfigurecolumnsdefinedinthereport.

Double-clickthecharacteristicvaluesinthecolumnstodrilldownthrough

thecharacteristicsortorderandusethegreenhotspottoreturntothenext

higher level.

Display all the key figure columns.

2. Next, re-sort the columns in the report so that they appear in the reverse

order. Inaddition,hidetheContributionMarginIcolumn. Finally,gotothe

lineitemsforalineinthereportlist. Whatmenupathsdoyouusetodothis?

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AC605 Lesson: Overview of Financial Analytics

Solution 16: Financial Analytics Overview

Task 1:

Now run CO-PA report IDES-050. This report consists of several different

product-specificnavigationlevels. Executethereportforactualdatafortheperiod

ofmonthsfrom1through12inthecurrentfiscalyearforthesalesorganization,

1000.

1. Explorebasicdrill-downnavigation. Theinitialreportdisplaysthedatafor

thecurrentfiscalyearsortedbydivision. Drilldowntoallthecustomersin

Division, 01. Howmanycustomersaredisplayed?

Drilldowntotheproductssoldtothecustomer,1000,BeckerBerlin. Which

productsweresoldtoBeckerBerlininthecurrentfiscalyear?

Displayallthesoldproductsinalldivisionsandforallcustomersinsales

organization 1000. You search for the product M-11, inorder to find out

which division sells it.

Positionyourcursor onCustomer1000, right-click, andcancel Selection.

PositionthecursorontheDivision,01,right-click,andcancelSelection. In

thisway,ALLarticlessoldinsalesorganization1000aredisplayed. Search

forproductM-11inthelistdisplayed,inordertostartyourdrilldown.

a) Now run CO-PA report IDES-050. This report consists of several

different product-specific navigation levels. Execute the report for

actualdatafortheperiodofmonthsfrom1through12inthecurrent

fiscal year forthesalesorganization, 1000.

First, selecttheGraphicalreportoutputoption.

Controlling → Profitability Analysis → Information System →

Execute Report: IDES-050

FieldNameorDataType Values

SalesOrganization 1000

Period from 001/Currentfiscalyear

Period to 012/Currentfiscalyear

Plan/ActualIndicator 0

Record Type F

Output Type GraphicalReportOutput

Explorebasicdrill-downnavigation. Theinitialreportdisplaysthedata

for the current fiscal year sorted by division. Drill down to all the

customersintheDivision,01. Howmanycustomersaredisplayed?

Continued on next page

303

FieldNameorDataType	Values
SalesOrganization	1000
Period from	001/Currentfiscalyear
Period to	012/Currentfiscalyear
Plan/ActualIndicator	0
Record Type	F
Output Type	GraphicalReportOutput

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Usingdraganddrop,moveDivision,01,totheCustomerdrill-down

characteristic.

The answers to this question vary.

Drilldowntotheproductssoldtothecustomer,1321,BeckerStuttgart.

WhichproductsweresoldtoBeckerBerlininthecurrentfiscalyear?

Usingdraganddrop,moveBeckerBerlintotheProductdrill-down

characteristic.

The answers to this question vary.

Displayallthesoldproductsinalldivisionsandforallcustomersin

salesorganization1000. YousearchfortheproductM-11,inorderto

find out which division sells it.

Position the cursor on the Customer, 1321, right-click, and cancel

Selection. Position the cursor on the Division, 01, right-click, and

cancelSelection. Inthisway, ALLarticlessoldinsalesorganization

1000 are displayed. Search for product M-11 in the list displayed,

in order to start your drilldown.

Position thecursoron thefirst product in thelist, right click, and

selectFind. EnterproductM-11. UsingDrag&Drop,pulltheproduct

overtothedrilldowncharacteristicDivision.

Division 07

2. Yourmanagershaveaskedyoutoidentifythetoptencustomers,basedon

revenue insales organization 1000. Which istheTop Customer? Cancel

yourdrill-downselectionfortheproduct,M-11,first.

Where is this customer located?

PositionthecursoronthecustomerandselectAttributes.

Continued on next page

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AC605 Lesson: Overview of Financial Analytics

Deletetherankingafteryouhavereviewedyourresults.

a) Yourmanagershaveaskedyoutoidentifythetoptencustomers,based

onrevenueinsalesorganization1000. WhichistheTopCustomer?

Cancelyourdrill-downselectionfortheproduct,M-11,first.

Right-click the product and select “Cancel Selection”. Position

thecursoron theheader of theRevenuecolumnand right-click

Select Ranking List → Top N: 10

The answers to this question vary.

Where is this customer located?

Position the cursor on the customer and select Attributes from the

toolbar.

The answers to this question vary.

Deletetherankingafteryouhavereviewedyourresults.

Position the cursor on the header of the Revenue column and

right-click.

Choose Condition → Delete.

3. Yoursalesmanagerwouldliketoviewallthecustomerswithsalesgreater

than5,000.00,andtheoneswithsaleslessthan1,000.00. Toenablethis,you

set up an exception.

Howmanycustomersfallinto theupper bracket?

Deletetheconditionafter reviewingyour results.

a) Your sales manager would like to viewall the customerswithsales

greaterthan5,000.00,andtheoneswithsaleslessthan1,000.00. To

enable this, you set up an exception.

Select Gross Revenue and choose Exceptions from the toolbar.

ChooseColumnandContinue. Enterthethresholds,asspecified.

Followthesamestepstodeletetheexception.

Howmanycustomersfallintotheupperbracket?

The answers to this question vary.

Deletetheexceptionafterreviewingyourresults.

4. Next,changethenumberformatoftheSalesquantitycolumn.

Aggregateyour report databackuptothedivisionlevel bycancelingany

drill-down selections you have made.

Next,youwanttodisplaythesalesquantitiesforeachdivisionasapiechart

andwouldalsoliketodisplayalegendforthedatadisplayed.

Continued on next page

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Youalsowanttochangesomeofthecolorsforeasyviewing.

a) Next,changethenumberformatoftheSalesquantitycolumn.

SelectSalesQuantity→Settings→NumberFormat.

Aggregateyourreportdatabackuptothedivisionlevelbycanceling

anydrill-downselectionsyouhavemade.

Double-click Division.

Next,youwanttodisplaythesalesquantitiesforeachdivisionasapie

chartandwouldalsoliketodisplayalegendforthedatadisplayed.

Youalsowanttochangesomeofthecolorsforeasyviewing.

Positionyourcursorinthegraphicsectionofthereport,right-click,

and choose Chart Type→ PieChart. Select a Chart Subtype and

click OK.

Positionyourcursorinthegraphicsectionofthereport,right-click,

andchooseChartOptions→Legend. SelectaLegendandclickOK.

Position your cursor in the graphical section of the report,

double-clickeachcoloredsquare,selectaColor,andchooseacolor

from the list.

5. AsalesemployeewantstocarryoutanABCanalysisforallproductssoldin

salesorganization1000. Shewantstolookatthebest20%, thenext50%

andthelast30%oftheproducts,basedonrevenue. YoushowhertheABC

analysis feature in the ABAP list viewer, which can be directly accessed

from the report.

Whichproducts are groupedin thetop20%?

Continued on next page

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AC605 Lesson: Overview of Financial Analytics

Exit the report without saving your data.

a) AsalesemployeewantstocarryoutanABCanalysisforallproducts

soldinsalesorganization1000. Shewantstolookatthebest20%,the

next 50% and the last 30% of theproducts, based on revenue. You

showhertheABCanalysisfeatureinABAPlistviewer,whichcanbe

directly accessed from the report.

Whichproductsaregrouped inthetop20%?

Double-click Product. Select Report → Export → Object List:

Product → Confirm.

Select the Gross Revenue column.

Goto→ABCAnalysis→ChooseKeyFiguresPercent:

SegmentA:20%,SegmentB:50%,SegmentC:30%.

The answers to this question vary.

Exit the report without saving your data.

Task 2:

Next, take a look at a standard drill-down report. Again, execute the report,

IDES-050,butthistimeselecttheClassicNavigationoutputtype. Usethesame

parameters as above.

Execute the report.

1. Drill downto the customer andproduct level.

Navigatesothatyoucanseeallthekeyfigurecolumnsdefinedinthereport.

Double-clickthecharacteristicvaluesinthecolumnstodrilldownthrough

thecharacteristicsortorderandusethegreenhotspottoreturntothenext

higher level.

Continued on next page

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Display all the key figure columns.

a) Next,takealookatastandarddrill-downreport. Again, executethe

report, IDES-050, but thistimeselecttheClassicNavigationoutput

type. Usethesameparametersasabove.

Controlling → Profitability Analysis → Information System →

Execute Report: IDES-050

FieldNameorDataType Values

SalesOrganization 1000

Period from 001/Currentfiscalyear

Period to 012/Currentfiscalyear

Plan/ActualIndicator 0

Record Type F

Output Type GraphicalReportOutput

Execute the report.

Drilldowntothecustomerandproductlevel. Navigatesothatyoucan

seeallthekeyfigurecolumnsdefinedinthereport.

Double-click the characteristic values in the columns to drill down

throughthecharacteristicsortorderandusethegreenhotspottoreturn

to the next higher level.

Display all the key figure columns.

Usethenavigationfunctionstomovefromsidetosidetoseeallthe

keyfigurecolumns. Youneedtodothisonlyifyoucannotdisplayall

the columns on a single screen.

2. Next, re-sort the columns in the report so that they appear in the reverse

order. Inaddition,hidetheContributionMarginIcolumn. Finally,gotothe

lineitemsforalineinthereportlist. Whatmenupathsdoyouusetodothis?

a) Next,re-sortthecolumnsinthereportsothattheyappearinthereverse

order. In addition, hidethe Contribution Margin I column. Finally,

gotothelineitemsforalineinthereport list. Whatmenupathsdo

you use to do this?

Edit → Column(s) → On/Off.

Edit → Column(s) → Sort.

Go to → Line Items.

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FieldNameorDataType	Values
SalesOrganization	1000
Period from	001/Currentfiscalyear
Period to	012/Currentfiscalyear
Plan/ActualIndicator	0
Record Type	F
Output Type	GraphicalReportOutput

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AC605 Lesson: Overview of Financial Analytics

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Evaluate the reporting options

• Introduce drill-down reporting

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Lesson: Creating Reports

Lesson Overview

Thislessonhelpsyouto learnhowto createbasic, form, andlineitem reports.

Italsoexplainstheuseofvariablesinforms. Finally,itenablesyoutolearnthe

process to transfer report data.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Create basic reports

• Create form reports

• Create line item reports

• Transfer the report data

Business Example

Themanagementofyourcompanywantstoimplementaprofitabilityaccounting

applicationintheSAPsystem. Asamemberoftheprojectteamofyourcompany,

you are supposed to provide advise on the question of whether to implement

CO-PA and/or EC-PCA in the SAP system. You then will be responsible to

implement the selected applications.

You need tocreatereportsfor your retail dealers. For this reason, youneed to

standardize the contribution margin reports using a key figure scheme, create

basicprofitabilityreports,designthereportformstobeusedbyseveralusers,and

insert report variables and report headers.

Report Types and Architecture

Figure 131: Report Types in Drill-down Reporting

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AC605 Lesson: Creating Reports

Thedrill-downreportingtoolwasdesignedtoprovideyouwithsimplemeansto

definestraightforwardreportsandatthesametimeofferallthefunctionsrequired

tocreatemorecomplex, formatted reports. Adistinction ismade betweentwo

different types of reports.

Runaquick,ad-hocanalysistosearchforaspecificeffect. Thesereportshavea

predefined basic structure for general use.

Representmorecomplexreportsandcanbedesignedaccordingtotheirspecific

purpose. Thesereportsareusedforofficialreportsandaresuitedforprinting.

Formreportsaredefinedonthebasisof“forms”. Formsareindependentobjects

thatcanbeusedfordifferentreports. Therearedifferenttypesofforms, which

differintermsofwhatelementsaredefinedwhereintheirstructure.

Basicreportsdonotrequiretheuseofaform. Whenyoudefineabasicreport,

yousimplyneedtoselectthecharacteristics,characteristicvalues,andkeyfigures

that you want to analyze.

Rememberthateachreportthatyoudefineisvalidonlyforeithercosting-basedor

account-basedProfitabilityAnalysis, andnotforboth.

Figure 132: Architecture of Drill-down Reporting

Youcanusecharacteristics,keyfigures,andformstodefineareport. Asaresult,

whenyoudisplaythereport, anumberoflistsandgraphicsthatyoucancallup

and analyze interactively appear.

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A form determines the content and formal structure of a report list. A form

can be thought of as a semifinished report, which you complete by indicating

characteristicsandkey figureswhenyoudefinetheindividual report. You can

indicatecharacteristicsin theform aswell asinthereport. Keyfigurescanbe

contained only in either theform or thereport.

Drill-downreportinginCO-PAprovidesyouwitheasy-to-usefunctionstomove

throughthedataset. Inthisway,forexample,youcangofromonesegmenttothe

nextsteportothenextsegmentwithinastep. Inthesameway,youcanfadeout

a stepof thedrilldownhierarchyandswitch toandfro betweendetaillistsand

overviewlists. Youalsohaveanumberofotherfunctionsavailabletoeditonline

reports, such asconditions, sort orders, and ranking lists. You can send report

listsbyfaxorelectronicmail,ordownloadthemtoMicrosoftWordorExcel. In

additiontothevariousinteractivefunctionsforonlinelists,Drill-downreporting

providesspecialfunctionstodefinethereportlayouttoprint,suchaspagebreaks,

headers, footers, and underscores.

Basic Report

Figure 133: Basic Report

YoucanaccessthefunctionstodefinereportsfromCustomizingortheCO-PA

applicationmenu. FromtheInitialscreentocreateareport,youcanprocessany

ofthecomponentsofthereportinanyorderyouwant.

When you define a basic report, the system first asks you to enter a from and

a to period, a plan/actual indicator, a version, and in costing-based CO-PA, a

record type.

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AC605 Lesson: Creating Reports

Next,thesystemdisplaysalistofallthecharacteristicsintheoperatingconcern.

Here, you can select the ones you want to analyze. These characteristics will

form the dimensions of your multidimensional “data cube”. If characteristic

groups have been defined for the operating concern, the system also displays

the Characteristic group field. If you enter a characteristic group, the system

displaysonlythecharacteristicsinthatgroup,insteadofallthecharacteristicsof

the operating concern.

In the costing-based CO-PA, you can enter a key figure schemeon theCreate

ProfitabilityReport: KeyFiguresscreen(seegraphic“DefineKeyFigures”),to

get a list of all key figures of this scheme. When you select Value fields, you

can extend the list to include all the value fields of the operating concern. In

account-based CO-PA, thesystem automatically displaysa list of all thefixed

basic key figures.

Ifyouwanttodeleteareport,youcandothisusingtheChangereportfunction.

Noticethatifyouwanttodeleteanentiregroupofreports,itiseasytodothisin

CustomizingusingtheReorganizereportsfunction.

Figure 134: Key Figure Scheme

The formula editor allows you not only to enter value fieldsbut also to define

complexformulae. Thismeansthatconstantsaswellasanyelementsofthekey

figureschemecanbelinkedupbystandardarithmeticoperationsoruser-defined

ABAP functions.

Thefunction,Checkkeyfigurescheme,allowsyoutorunasyntaxcheckonthe

useofarithmeticoperationsandparenthesis. Italsochecksforemptyformulae,

recursiveformulae, and anycircular conclusions.

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Unit6: InformationSystem AC605

Figure 135: Use of Characteristic Hierarchies

Youcandefinehierarchicalrelationshipsbetweendifferentcharacteristicvaluesin

ProfitabilityAnalysisandanalyzetheselaterindrill-downreporting. Forexample,

youcandefineahierarchyofproductsorcustomersforyourorganization. You

can also definedifferentvariants of the same hierarchyand display these in

reports. Thesevariantsallowyoutoperformsimulationsand“Whatif?”analyses.

Acharacteristichierarchyisdefinedusingthemasterdata(characteristicvalues)

thatbelongto acharacteristic. Noticethat different characteristicsthat usethe

samemasterdatatablehavethesamemasterdatahierarchy. Youcannotdefine

hierarchiesforthecharacteristicsthatdonotuseamasterdatatable. Thisapplies

forthecharacteristicsthatweredefinedwithnochecktableandtexttable.

Note: These hierarchies are only hierarchies of values of a single

characteristic. Forthisreason,eachhierarchycancontainonlythevalues

ofthatparticularcharacteristic. Inaddition,eachcharacteristicvaluecan

occuronlyonetimeinahierarchy. Thismeansthateachvalueremains

unique throughout the entire hierarchy.

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AC605 Lesson: Creating Reports

Form Reports

Figure 136: Form Reports

Aformdeterminesthecontentandformalstructureofareportlist. Aformcanbe

regardedasasemifinishedreportstructure, whichyoucompleteifyouindicate

additionalcharacteristicsandkeyfigureswhenyoudefinethefinalreport.

Thecontentofaformshouldnormallyberegardedasfixedandshouldonlybe

changedunder exceptional circumstances. Thisisbecausewhenyouchangea

form, it changesall thereportsthat usethat form.

Adistinction ismade betweentheformswithoneaxisandtheformswithtwo

axes. Formswithoneaxisconsistofonlyonedimension,whichiseitherrowsor

columns. Formswithtwoaxescontainbothrowsandcolumns. Thismeansthat

youcandefinetheformswithoneaxis, whichmaynotbeuseful asabasisfor

finalreports,andusethemastemplatestocreatetheformswithtwoaxes. Such

formscanthenbeusedasoftenasyoulike. Thetypeofformyouusewilldepend

onthetypeoflayoutandcontentyouwanttodisplayinyourreports.

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Figure 137: Different Types of Forms

There are three types of forms:

• One axis without key figure:

– Inaformwithoneaxisandwithoutthekeyfigure,youdefineeither

therowsorthecolumnsusingcharacteristics. WhenyoupressBasic

list,thesystemdisplaysablanklistwithcolumns.

• One axis with key figure:

– Inaformwithoneaxisandwiththekeyfigure,youdefineeitherthe

rowsorthecolumnsusingcharacteristicsandkeyfigures. Whenyou

pressBasiclist,thesystemdisplaysablanklistwithrows.

• Two axes with key figure:

– Inaformwithtwoaxesandwiththekeyfigure, youdefineboththe

rows and the columns using characteristics and key figures. When

youpressBasiclist, thesystem displaysablanklist with both rows

andcolumns. Youcandecidewhetherthekeyfiguresshouldappear

in the rows or the columns, depending on what you want to report.

Characteristicscanbedisplayedinboththerowsandthecolumns.

Tocreateaform,enteranameandtherequiredtypeofform.

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AC605 Lesson: Creating Reports

Figure 138: One Axis Without Key Figure

Inaformwithoneaxisandwithoutthekeyfigure,youonlyneedtodefinethe

columns. To do this, you indicate characteristics and characteristic values. If

youwant, youcanalsodefineadditionalcolumnsusingformulae, suchasPlan

-Actual =Variance. Thecharacteristicsand valuesyou indicatedeterminethe

content of the columns.

You decide which key figures you want to see, such as revenue, contribution

margins. Youalsodecidethedrill-downcharacteristicsyouwanttoanalyzewhen

you define the report.

Whenyouexecuteareport, youobtainadrill-downlistwithtwoheaders, with

eachkeyfigurestandingaboveagroupofcolumnsthatcontainsthecharacteristics

you specified in the form. The individual values of the first drill-down

characteristic,Industries,“Retail”and“Media”,aredisplayedintherows.

Thedetaillist showsthecolumnsyoudefinedusingcharacteristicsintheform

definition. Thekeyfiguresaredisplayedintherows. Thedetaillistdisplaysthe

resultsofoneselectedcharacteristicvalue(industry“Retail”).

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Unit6: InformationSystem AC605

Figure 139: One Axis With Key Figure

Inaformwithoneaxisandwiththekeyfigure,yousetthekeyfiguresyouwant

toanalyze,suchasplannedrevenueandactualrevenue,intherowsoftheform.

Youcanalsolimitthekeyfiguresfurtherifyouspecifycharacteristicsandtheir

values as well.

Whenyoudefinethereport,youneedtoonlyselectthedrill-downcharacteristics,

such as Industry or Customer. The drill-down list shows the key figures and

characteristicsfromtheforminthecolumns,andthevaluesofthefirstdrill-down

characteristics,“Retail”and“Media”,aredisplayedintherows.

The detail list contains only one column that shows the selected characteristic

value(“Retail”). Thekeyfiguresareshownintherows.

Rememberthatinaformwithoneaxisandwiththekeyfigure,youdefineeither

the rows or the columns of the form. When you press Basic list, the system

displaysablanklistwithonlyrows. Noticethatyoucan“tip”thisformbymoving

therowstothecolumnsusingtheColumndisplayfunction.

Noticethatwhenyoudefineaform,youdefinethelayoutofthedetaillist. This

meansthatthepositionoftheelementsintheformdeterminetheirpositioninthe

detaillist. Thisisthereasonwhyekeyfiguresareshownintherowsbydefault

in the formswith oneaxisand withthekey figure.

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AC605 Lesson: Creating Reports

Figure 140: Two Axes (Matrix)

Inaformwithtwoaxes(matrixform),youdefineboththerowsandthecolumns

usingcharacteristicsandkeyfigures. Thekeyfiguresmustappearineitherthe

rowsorthecolumnsoftheform,butnotboth. Conversely,characteristicscanbe

used to define both rows and columns.

Whenyoudefinethereport,youneedtoonlyselectthedrill-downcharacteristics,

such as Industry and Customer.

Whenyouexecutethereport,youobtainadrill-downlistwithtwoheaders,with

eachkeyfigure, revenueandcontributionmargin 1, standing aboveagroupof

columnscontaining thecharacteristics youspecifiedin theform, such as plan,

actual,andvariance. Theindividualvaluesofthefirstdrill-downcharacteristic,

theindustries,“Retail”and“Media”,aredisplayedintherows.

Thedetaillist showsthecolumnsyoudefinedusingcharacteristicsintheform

definition. Thekeyfiguresaredisplayedintherows. Thedetaillistdisplaysthe

resultsofoneselectedcharacteristicvalue,Industry“Retail”.

Remember that all the threetypesof forms offer you anumber of functions to

determine thefinal layout of your reports, such ascolors, number format, line

spacing, and text lines.

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Unit6: InformationSystem AC605

Figure 141: Form Settings

Thefollowingfunctionsareavailablewhenyoudefineaform:

• Colors: Usedtohighlightcertainelementsoftheform.

• Number format: This function lets you specify a display factor and the

numberofdecimalplacesdisplayed. Thisfunctionisalwaysappliedtoa

specificcolumnorrow. Whenyouhaveexecutedthereport,youcanmake

additional settings for each row or column.

• Plus/minussignreversal: Usedtoreversethesignsofaspecificcolumn.

Negativevaluesaredisplayedaspositive,andpositivevaluesasnegative. In

the form, '-' is used to indicate this.

• Zerosuppression: Usedtohidealltherowswiththevalue,0. 'xxx.xxx.xxx'

is used toindicate this intheform definition.

• Texttype: Allowsyoutospecifywhetheryouwanttoseetheshort,medium,

orlongtextofeachelementinthelinesorcolumns.

• Columnwidth: Allowsyoutochangethewidthofacolumn.

Touseany of these functions, firstselect therequiredcolumn andthenchoose

the function.

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AC605 Lesson: Creating Reports

Variables

Figure 142: Variables - Overview

Variablesallowyoumoreflexibilitytodefineyourformsandreports. Variables

arereportorformparameters,whichyoudonotwanttospecifyuntilyoudefineor

executeareport. Youcanusedifferentmethodstoreplacevariables. Dependingon

howoftenyouwanttousethem,youcandefineyourvariablesgloballyorlocally.

If you want to create avariablewhich you need only inoneparticular form or

report,youcancreatealocalvariable. Noticethatlocalvariablesareonlyknown

withintherelevant formorreport. If youdefinealocal variableinaform, itis

also valid for every report which usesthat form.

Ifyoudefineavariableinthereportdefinition,itisonlyvalidforthatonereport.

If you use a variable frequently, you can define it globally. You can then use

globalvariablesinallyourformsandreports. Globalvariablesaremaintainedin

theCustomizing. Ifyouthenwanttouseglobalvariablesinaformorareport,

theyaredisplayed for selectionin the input help.

Note: Notice that when you change an existing global variable, this

activitymayaffectanumberofreportsandforms,whichalreadyuseit.

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Unit6: InformationSystem AC605

Figure 143: Variables in Forms: Examples

Youuseavariableforcharacteristicvaluesifyouwanttoleavethevalueofa

characteristicundefinedinthereport. Variablesforcharacteristicvaluescanbe

usedinbothformsandreports. Thesearethenfilledwheneditingorexecuting

the report. Variablesusedin thereport definition are replaced when the report

is executed.

Note: Certainvariablesforcharacteristicvalues, suchasCurrentfiscal

period, arecontained in the SAP system. To seewhich other standard

variables are available, seeCustomizing.

Ifyouwantto useavariablefor thelineor columntext ina form, youneedto

define a text variable. For example, if you use avariablefor the value of the

Countrycharacteristic,thetexttobeusedinthecolumnisnotyetknownwhen

youdefinetheform. Inthiscase,youcandefineatextvariable. Noticethattext

variablescanbeusedonlyinformreportsandarealwaysdefineddirectlyinthe

form. Theyarereplacedautomaticallybythetextofthecharacteristicvaluewhen

youexecutethereport. Intheaboveexample,youcanspecifyanycountry,which

meansanycharacteristicvaluevariable,whenyouexecutethereport. Thesystem

then automatically enters the name of that country, characteristic value, in the

column header, text variable.

Note: CertaintextvariablesarecontainedintheSAPsystem. Toseethe

otherstandardvariablesthatareavailable,seeCustomizing.

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AC605 Lesson: Creating Reports

Line Item Reports

Figure 144: Drilldown Reports Based On Line Items

To supplement the basic line item list previously available, you can define

drill-downreportsbasedonlineitems. Thistypeofreportallowsyoutoexecutea

lineitemanalysisandsimultaneouslytouseallnavigationfunctionsindrill-down

reporting.

Reportsbasedonlineitemspermityoutousethefollowingcharacteristics:

• Characteristics in the segment level

• Characteristicsthatarenotactivatedassegment-levelcharacteristics

• The date the line item was created

• The person who created the line item

YouneedtocreatespecialformsandreportsinCustomizingforreportsbasedon

line items. When you select additional report components such as key figure

schemes, variables, and authorization objects, you can refer back to the ones

created for standard drill-down reports.

Reports based on line items are available only for costing-based Profitability

Analysis.

Please note that the time and effort required to read line item-based reports is

veryhigh. Summarizationdataandsummarizationlevelsarenot supportedfor

this type of report.

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Unit6: InformationSystem AC605

Figure 145: Functions in Line Item Reports

ThelineitemlistisdefinedusingthelayoutfunctionsintheABAPlistviewer.

This means that you can display a list, adapt it to your requirements, and then

save the changes as a layout.

Whenyoudisplayalineitemlist,anumberofadditionalfunctionsareavailableto

enableyoutodisplayadditionalinformation,suchasallthecharacteristicvalues

ofthecurrentprofitabilitysegmentorlongtextsforplandata.

Note: Before the system selects the line items, it checks whether the

selection criteria allow it to usedatabase indexes. If not, a warning is

issued. In thiscase, you must further restrict theselection conditions.

Thewarningalsocontainsasuggestionastohowyoucoulddothis. If

you call up the line items from within a drill-down report and receive

a warning, you should first drill down to a deeper level and then call

up line items from there.

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AC605 Lesson: Creating Reports

Figure 146: Account-based Profitability Analysis

The Information System offers some special features for account-based

Profitability Analysis.

Thistypeof ProfitabilityAnalysisissupportedbyseparateforms, reports, and

authorization objects for combinations of characteristics. In addition to these

authorizationobjects,account-basedCO-PAusesthesameonesascosting-based

Profitability Analysis.

A hierarchy on the “cost element” characteristic can only be represented by

specifying a set. You define line item layouts in Customizing. The following

display forms are available:

• Compact display

• Line display

• Asterisk display

Youcandisplaydifferentcurrenciesinthesamereport:

• Controlling area currency

• Company code currency

• Transaction currency

Youcandisplaylineitemlistsinaccount-basedProfitabilityAnalysis. Youcan

alsoformatthelistsasyouwantusingyourownlineitemlayouts. Ifyoudonot

specifyalayout,thesystemusesthestandardlineitemlayout.

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Unit6: InformationSystem AC605

Transfer of Report Data

Figure 147: Transfer of Report Data

YoucanusethisfunctiontoexportareportintheXXLformat,aspecialformat

totransferdatatoaspreadsheetapplication. Usingthisformat,youcantransferall

oftheselectedcharacteristicsofthereportintothetablecalculation. Inthiswayit

ispossibletocarryoutabreakdownthroughtheindividualcharacteristicsinthe

tablecalculation. Youcanselect thisfunctionwhen:

• Thelistcurrentlydisplayedisadrill-downlist. Fortechnicalreasons,this

function is not available in detail lists.

• You are displaying the report values as absolute values (function

Percentage/absolute). The function is not active when you switch to

percentages.

Inadialogbox,youcanselectthecharacteristicsthatyouwanttotransfer. Itisa

goodideatoselectAllcharacteristics. Selectonlysomeofthecharacteristicsifthe

reportlistwouldotherwisebetoolargeforyourspreadsheetapplicationtohandle.

TheinterfacewithMicrosoftWordenablesyoutodownloaddrill-downreportsto

Wordandprintthemfromthere. YoucanprintallreportsusingWord,exceptthe

onesthatyoucalledupfromanotherreportusingthereport/reportinterface.

This function is active if:

• Youworkwithoneofthefollowingoperatingsystems: OS/2Presentation

Manager,Windows,WindowsNT,Windows32bit,orWindows95.

• YouhaveMicrosoftWordVersion6.0orhigherinstalledonyourlocalserver

and entered in your path.

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AC605 Lesson: Creating Reports

Exercise 17: Creating Reports

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Create a basic report in costing-based CO-PA, execute it, and navigate

through it

• Create a basic report in account-based CO-PA, execute it, and navigate

through it

Business Example

Yoursalesmanagerwantstoseeasimplereportexamplebydivision,customer,

and product.

Task:

Createabasicreportincosting-basedCO-PAforanalyzingvariouscontribution

marginsbydivision,customer,andproduct. Youhavebeenaskedtodisplaythe

invoiced quantity and therevenue inthe report.

1. Callthenewbasicreport,BRXX,whereXXisyourgroupnumber,andenter

an appropriate description. Create the report definition so that the sales

organization,division,customer,andproductaresortedinthisorder.

Selectthevaluefields,InvoicedQuantityandRevenue.

Setthedefaultvaluesforthemonthsfrom1to12ofthecurrentfiscalyear,

selecttheplan/actualindicator,0,andtherecordtype,F.Setthereportso

thatitisexecutedintheoperatingconcerncurrencyusingsummarizedand

current data.

Name: BRXX

Description: (forexample) Salesand Profit1

Select Basic report and then Create.

SelectOperatingConcernCurrency. Fromthetableontheright,selectthe

appropriatecharacteristicsandcopythemtothetableontheleftusingthe

singlearrowicon. Remembertosortyourcharacteristics.

SelecttherequiredkeyfiguresontheKeyFiguresscreen. Allvaluefields

are displayed by default on the right.

Select the Variable tab and make the appropriate settings. All variables

should be changeable at execution.

Forthereportoutput,youhavedecidedtousetheGraphicalreportoutput

option,withtheInfoControl,NavigationControl,Drill-downoutputarea.

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Unit6: InformationSystem AC605

SelecttheOptionstab. InthePerformancedialogbox,selectDisplayCurrent

Data. Youwant toreadsummarizationlevelsand, ifnosummarizationis

available,youwantthereporttobeexecutedwithoutanywarningorerror

messagesbeingissued. Theseperformancesettingswillbediscussedata

later point.

Save the basic report definition.

2. Execute your report using the default settings you have made. You may

receive a system warning message that no summarization data exists.

Confirm this message.

Howdoesthisreportlayoutdifferfromthereportyoucarriedoutinexercise

1-1?

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AC605 Lesson: Creating Reports

Solution 17: Creating Reports

Task:

Createabasicreportincosting-basedCO-PAforanalyzingvariouscontribution

marginsbydivision,customer,andproduct. Youhavebeenaskedtodisplaythe

invoiced quantity and therevenue inthe report.

1. Callthenewbasicreport,BRXX,whereXXisyourgroupnumber,andenter

an appropriate description. Create the report definition so that the sales

organization,division,customer,andproductaresortedinthisorder.

Selectthevaluefields,InvoicedQuantityandRevenue.

Setthedefaultvaluesforthemonthsfrom1to12ofthecurrentfiscalyear,

selecttheplan/actualindicator,0,andtherecordtype,F.Setthereportso

thatitisexecutedintheoperatingconcerncurrencyusingsummarizedand

current data.

Name: BRXX

Description: (forexample) Salesand Profit1

Select Basic report and then Create.

SelectOperatingConcernCurrency. Fromthetableontheright,selectthe

appropriatecharacteristicsandcopythemtothetableontheleftusingthe

singlearrowicon. Remembertosortyourcharacteristics.

SelecttherequiredkeyfiguresontheKeyFiguresscreen. Allvaluefields

are displayed by default on the right.

Select the Variable tab and make the appropriate settings. All variables

should be changeable at execution.

Forthereportoutput,youhavedecidedtousetheGraphicalreportoutput

option,withtheInfoControl,NavigationControl,Drill-downoutputarea.

SelecttheOptionstab. InthePerformancedialogbox,selectDisplayCurrent

Data. Youwanttoreadsummarizationlevelsand, ifnosummarizationis

available,youwantthereporttobeexecutedwithoutanywarningorerror

messagesbeingissued. Theseperformancesettingswill bediscussedat a

later point.

Save the basic report definition.

a) Create a basic report in costing-based CO-PA to analyze various

contributionmarginsbydivision,customer,andproduct. Youhavebeen

askedtodisplaytheinvoicedquantityandtherevenueinthereport.

Continued on next page

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