AC605_EN_Col92_FV_Part_A4 (第5页) | ERP软件技术分享

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Unit4: ActualData AC605

Figure 63: Sales from Stock: Business Background

Thesalesordermanagementapplicationcomponentconsistsofthefunctionsfor

handlingquotations,orders,deliveries,andbilling. Eachoftheseareashasitsown

salesdocuments,whichcontaintherelevantdataforthatactivity.

Thecentral document insalesorder managementisthesalesorder. Thisorder

maybebasedontheexistinginquiriesandcustomerquotations. Whenyoucreate

anorder,theinformationaboutthecustomerandtheproductsorservicessoldis

stored in the document.

Thefollowinginformationispassedontoallthesubsequentdocumentscreated

for this business transaction:

• Thedeliveryiscreatedwhentheproductisshippedtothecustomer,which

means the goods issue.

• Abillingdocumentiscreatedtobillthecustomerforthegoodsorservices

provided.

This is a central process in the SAP system and the starting point for the data

transfertoFinancialAnalytics. Insomecases,dataistransferredtocosting-based

andaccount-basedCO-PAatdifferenttimesusingdifferentvaluationapproaches.

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AC605 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Figure64: SalesfromStock: TransferIncomingSalesOrders

Youcanvaluate incomingsalesordersasexpectedrevenues andtransfer them

fromsalesordermanagementtocosting-basedCO-PAtoobtainanearlyanalysis

ofanticipatedprofits. Asaresult,youcancreatereportsthatnotonlyreflectthe

courseofactualprofitsandcontributionmarginsonthebasisofbillingdocuments

butalsoallowyoutoanalyzethesedevelopmentsonthebasisofincomingorders.

Toanalyzeincomingorders,indicatetherecordtype,A,inthereport. Toanalyze

billing data, indicate the record type, F.

Thetwooptionsavailabletoactivatethetransferofincomingordersare:

• Activatingontheentrydate: Updatestheordersunderthesameperiodin

which they were created in the system.

• Transfer with the delivery date or the planned settlement date: Displays

the order in CO-PA in the period of the planned delivery or the planned

settlementdateandthusrepresentsanbilling-relatedupdateoftheincoming

sales orders.

IfyouactivateProfitabilityAnalysisafteryouhavegoneproductivewithSales

OrderManagement,youcanposttheexistingsalesordersforthecurrentorpast

periods subsequently to CO-PA.

Anotherfunctionisavailabletoidentifythesalesordersthatarealreadyassigned

toa profitability segment although theorder wasnot yet active and totransfer

these orders to CO-PA.

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Unit4: ActualData AC605

Figure 65: Sales from Stock: Postings at Delivery

The goods issue is triggered by a delivery in Sales Order Management. This

affectsthevaluesinMaterialsManagementandFinancialAccounting. Balance

sheetandstockchangepostingsaremadeinFIwhenthegoodsissueisposted.

Note: Notethatthepostingofthegoodsissuedoesnotcauseanypostings

ofdataintothecosting-basedCO-PA.TheCOGSarenottransferredinto

theCO-PAuntiltransferof thebillingdocument.

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AC605 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Figure 66: Sales from Stock: Billing

AbusinesstransactionisnormallyconcludedinSalesOrderManagementwith

thebillingdocument. ThebillingdataisautomaticallytransferredtoFinancial

Accounting(FI),wheretherevenueandreceivablepostingsaremadeatthesame

time.

Whenabillingdocumentiscreated,SalesOrderManagementcalculatesallsales

revenues, sales deductions, and other values, such as the standard cost using

pricingprocedures,andstoresthesevaluesinconditiontypes. Byassigningthese

condition types to the value fields in Profitability Analysis, you can have the

systemautomaticallytransfertheir valuestoCO-PA.

By valuating this billing data from SalesOrder Management using a material

or sales order cost estimate, you can assign further anticipated costs and sales

deductions to this transaction. The billing data is transferred to Profitability

Analysis with the record type, F.

In addition, you can transfer the quantities from the Sales Order Management

quantityfields,suchasthesalesquantityorgrossweight,byassigningthemtothe

corresponding quantity fields in CO-PA.

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Unit4: ActualData AC605

Figure 67: TransferBilling Documentsto CO-PA: In Detail

Duringbilling, thesystemcheckswhether thedatacanbeupdatedinFI andin

CO-PA.Ifoneofthetwopostingscannotbeexecutedduetoanerror,theother

postingisalsonotexecuted. Thisensuresthatdataisupdatedinparallelandthe

ProfitabilityAnalysisisreconciledwithFI.Inthisway,dataisupdatedinparallel,

thereby reconciling FI and CO-PA. If you choose “Release to Accounting”

(VF02),youcanposttheinvoiceinFIandCO-PAafterhavingremovedtheerror.

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AC605 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Condition Types

Figure68: Salesordermanagement: ConditionTypes-PricingProcedure

A pricing procedure defines the conditions that are permitted for a particular

document and the sequence in which the system takes these conditions into

account during pricing. In addition, you assign the pricing procedures to the

transactionsbydefiningthefollowingdependencies: Customer,controllingarea,

profit center, sales organization. In the pricing procedure, you define which

condition types should be taken into account and in which sequence. During

pricing, theSAPSystemautomaticallydeterminesthepricingprocedurethatis

valid for a businesstransaction and it takes the condition types contained in it

into account one after the other.

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Unit4: ActualData AC605

Figure 69: Condition Types

Acondition typeisarepresentationinthesystem of someaspect of your daily

pricingactivities. Forexample,youcandefineadifferentconditiontypeforeach

typeofprice,discount,orsurchargethatoccursinyourbusinesstransactions.

Aconditiontabledefinesthecombinationoffieldsthatidentifiesanindividual

condition record. A condition record is how the system stores the specific

condition data that you enter in thesystem ascondition records. For example,

whenyouenterthepriceforaproductoraspecialdiscountforagoodcustomer,

you create individual condition records.

Anaccesssequenceisasearchstrategythatthesystemusestofindvaliddatafora

particularconditiontype. Itdeterminesthesequenceinwhichthesystemsearches

fordata. Theaccesssequenceconsistsofoneormoreaccesses. Thesequenceof

theaccessesestablisheswhichconditionrecordshavepriorityoverothers. The

accessesinstructsthesystemwheretolookfirst,second,andcontinueinthisway

untilitfindsavalidconditionrecord. Youspecifyanaccesssequenceforeach

conditiontypeforwhichyoucreateconditionrecords.

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AC605 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Figure 70: Valuation Using Product Costing: Process

Transfer the Material Value at the time of goods issue through the condition,

VPRS.

TheconditiontypeVPRStransfersthecostsofsalespostedatthetimeofgoods

issue into CO-PA. Even when the standard price changes between the time of

goodsissueandthebillingdate, VPRS savesthisvalueandguaranteesthatthe

costs of sales can be reconciled with FI.

Valuation with Product Cost Estimate

Valuationusingmaterialcostestimatesenablesyoutodeterminethecostofgoods

manufacturedfor the productsold whenever asalesdocument istransferred to

Profitability Analysis. For example, you can find the variable and fixed cost

components for the product sold and compare these to the revenues and sales

deductionstransferredfromthebillingdocumentforthesalestransaction. You

canvaluateyourbillingitemsusingthedateofgoodsissue. Thecustomizingis

done in the costing key.

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Unit4: ActualData AC605

Figure71: SimulationoftheTransferofBillingDocumentDatatoCO-PA

In the activity, Simulating the Transfer of Documents from Billing, you have

theoption of simulatingthetransfer ofbillingdocument dataintoProfitability

Analysis. SimulationoccursonthebasisoftheCustomizingsettingsvalidatthe

timeitiscarriedout. Youcanviewthecharacteristicsandvaluefieldsoftheline

item to be written to CO-PA.

The function, Valuation analysis, allows you to perform an analysis of the

valuationstrategyvalidforvaluatingthebillingdocumentdata.

Youcanalsorestartthesimulationofdocumenttransfersforthebillingdocuments

thathavealreadybeentransferred. Performingthissimulationcausesnodatatobe

posted to CO-PA or to other modules.

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AC605 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Figure 72: Reconciliation Report FI / SD and CO-PA

Inthesalesordermanagement,invoicevaluesareassignedtoconditiontypes,in

accountingtheyarepostedtoaccountsandintheProfitabilityAnalysistheyare

positionedinvaluefields. TheCO-PAreconciliationreportcontainsalistofthe

correspondingbalancesforvaluefields,conditiontypesandP&Laccounts. This

listoffersyouthefollowingfundamentalfunctions:

• Usingposteddata,youcancheckandunderstand,throughpost-analysis,the

assignmentsinCustomizingoftheSalesOrderManagementconditionsto

theaccountsinFIandtothevaluefieldsinCO-PA,aswellastheflowsof

values resulting from the assignments.

• YoucananalyzethedifferencesbetweenCO-PAandSDaswellasbetween

CO-PAandFIwithaviewtolocatingtheirorigin. Thisisespeciallyuseful

forthereconciliationofFIwiththeProfitabilityAnalysis. Thisreportcan

also beusedto check the valueflowfrom order or project settlement. In

theexampleabove,theDeltaSD/CO-PAiscausedbythefactthataccrued

freight is calculated in CO-PA through valuation and hasaccordingly no

SD counterpart.

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Unit4: ActualData AC605

Figure 73: Transferring Customer Agreements

During market segment planningand salesand profit planning, youcan create

budgetsforsalessupportmeasures,suchassalespromotionsandrelatedspecial

offerdiscounts. ThisbudgetisthenusedintheSalesOrderManagementwhen

conditions, such as special offer discounts, are maintained for the customer

agreement. Youcanmonitorthebudgetingprocessfromtheassignmentswithin

thecustomer agreement tothebillingdocument inCO-PA.Thisisbecausethe

budgetassignmentsaretransferredtoCO-PAwhenyoumaintaintheconditions.

Youcankeepcheckingthebudgetassignmentsbycarryingoutvarianceanalyses

oftheplannedandavailablebudget. Thisallowsyoutomonitorsalespromotions

extensivelyrightfromtheearlystagesofprofitabilityanalysis.

Data can be passed on to CO-PA:

• Whentheconditionrecordiscreatedaspartofthesalesagreement

• When the sales order is created

• When the billing document is created

Thisallowsforaccuratereportingthroughallthestagesoftheprocess.

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AC605 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Exercise 6: Sales Order Processing

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• UnderstanddataflowfromSalesOrderManagementtoCO-PA

Business Example

YourcompanyisnowreadytotestthemappingoftheSDconditiontypestothe

CO-PAvaluefieldsandtheeffectthishasonvaluationandderivation.

Task:

Reviewtheconditiontypesmappedtothevaluefieldsinyouroperatingconcern.

EnsurethatboththequantitiesandvalueshavebeenmappedtoCO-PAsothatthe

correspondingvaluefieldsarepopulatedwhenasalesorderisposted.

Hint: Thegeneralsalesorderprocessingisexecutedasfollows: Create

a sales order. At this point, the system will determine the price, cost,

discount,andothervaluesbasedontheSDconditiontypesconfigured.

Afteryousavetheorder,thesystemassignsasalesordernumber. Thenext

stepistheorderdeliveryprocess. Itincludesthetaskstopickthematerials

ordered, post the goods issue, and create a delivery document for the

actualdeliveryoftheproduct. Followingdelivery,abillingdocumentis

created. TheorderprocessingfromanSDpointofviewisthencompleted.

Thecondition techniqueusedintheSalesandDistributioncomponent

determinesthepricesandestimatedcosts(statisticalconditions)forthe

order.

1. Towhichvaluefieldistheconditiontype,PR00(Price),mapped?

2. TowhichvaluefieldistheSDquantityfield,FKIMG,mapped?

3. To test your configuration settings, create astandard salesorder for your

customer as follows:

Standard Order

Order Type: OR

Sales organization: 1000

Distribution channel: 10

Division: 00

Sold-to party: T-CO05A##_Becker

Continued on next page

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Unit4: ActualData AC605

Ship-to party: T-CO05A##_Becker

Material: P-100

Qty: 1

4. What is the value for the condition type, PR00, and the condition type,

VPRS?

Save your sales order. Order Number:

5. CheckthesalesorderitemyouhavejustgeneratedinCO-PA.Whichrecord

type do you use:

What value is entered in theRevenuefield?

6. Edit thedeliverynow: Thedelivery processincludesthepicking process

and goods issue for your sales order.

Note:

- to select a sales order, you must increase the date to “today's date + 1

month”.

-younavigatetothepickingprocessvia→Subsequentfunctions→Create

transportorder. GointotheCreatetransportorderfunction. Generatethe

Transportorderitem,saveitandreturntoyourdelivery.

SelectChangedeliveryandclick“Postgoodsissue”

7. UseSubsequentFunctionsagain tocreatethe billing document using the

document number from the previous step.

Billing document number:

8. In CO-PA, display the line item for your billing document. Enter the

customerandtheproduct,P-100,whendisplayinglineitems.

What is the total value of revenue:

Whydotwolinesappearforthelineitemyouhavedisplayed?

From the line item report, how do you drill down to the sales order that

you originally created?

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AC605 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Solution 6: Sales Order Processing