AC605_EN_Col92_FV_Part_A4 (第12页)

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AC605 Lesson: Performance Tools

Thelowestlevelsfromwhichtheapplicationreadsdataisthesegmenttableand

thesegmentlevel. Thislevel containsthedatafromthelineitemin aprimary

summarized form.

The segment table contains the profitability segments and their characteristic

values.

The segment level contains the value fields for profitability segments and the

characteristics of time.

Thesegmentlevelalwayscontainsthemostup-to-datedatabecauseitisupdated

simultaneouslywitheachtransactioninsteadofperiodically. Thedivisionof

thisinformationintotwotablesaccordingtocharacteristics,segmenttable,value

fields,andsegmentlevel,reducesdatavolumebyeliminatingredundancy. This

method also hastwo other important advantages:

• Savinghistoricdata: Ifyoudonotneedtheorigininformationfordatafrom

previousperiods,youcanarchivethelineitemsandretainonlythesegment

level.

• Realigning posted data: For example, you can retroactively assign a

customertoadifferentsalesrepresentative. Thisonlychangesthesegment

table,andthelineitemsretaintheassignmenttheyhadwhenyouoriginally

postedthedocuments. Nochangeisrequiredinthesegmentlevelbecause

the change inthesegment tableimplicitlyaffectsthedata for theperiods

in the segment level.

Figure 155: How Performance Settings Work

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Unit7: Tools AC605

The data in Profitability Analysis is stored at the individual document level.

This meansthat everyitem of a salesorder is sent to theCO-PA database as a

lineitem. Thiscan lead toahugeamountof datawithinaveryshortperiodof

time. Asaresult,youmayexperiencerun-timesofseveralhourswhenyouruna

report thatdisplaysdatasummarizedtoahighdegreebuthastoreadtheentire

dataset. Often,youcannotselectthedataonline. Toimproverun-times,youneed

toreducethevolumeofdatathathastobereadonline. Youcanachievethisby

creating summarized versions of the dataset.

In reports, you can display:

• Only the data from the summarization level, which means the dataup to

the last time you updated the level.

• Thecurrentdata,inwhichcasethesystemreadsthesummarizationleveland

thenaddsthelineitemsthathavebeenpostedsincethelastupdate.

Ifnosuitablesummarizationlevelexists,thesystemdisplaysawarning.

Youshouldyouusethecurrentdatawhenyouwanttodisplaythedatafromthe

currentperiod. Usethemostrecentsummarizeddatawhenyouwanttodisplay

dataonlyaftertheendoftheperiod,whichmeanswhenthedataisnotgoingto

change anymore.

Ifyouchoosetostorethesummarizationdataforareport,thesystemcreatesthis

databyreadingasummarizationlevel. Thismeansthatthefewercharacteristics

you use in the report, the less data the system has to read from the level, and

consequentlythelesstimeittakestodisplaythereport.

Figure 156: Summarization Levels

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AC605 Lesson: Performance Tools

When defining a report in Financial Analytics, you need to specify whether a

reportshouldcontinuewithexecutionifitcannotfindasuitablesummarization

level,whichcouldtakesometime,oritshouldcontinueexecutingwithawarning

thatitcouldtakesometime, orifitshouldstopexecuting.

You also need to define whether a report should access the data from a

summarizationlevelaloneoritshouldreadcurrentdata,requiringtheadditionof

datafromanylineitemsthathavebeenpostedsincethelevelwaslastupdated.

OtherCO-PAfunctionsautomaticallyaccessthecurrentdata.

Tousesummarizationlevels,youneedtoperformthefollowingsteps:

1. Definethesummarizationlevelsin configuration.

2. Fill the summarizationlevelswith data from thesegment-level summary

records on the user side.

3. Update the summarization levels periodically in the background, on the

user side.

Fromaphysicalpointofview,everysummarizationlevelconsistsoftwotables

inthedatabase–akeytableandatotalrecordstable. Therelationshipbetween

these two tables is similar to the one between the CE4 and CE3 tables in the

cost-basedprofitabilityanalysis. Youcanevaluatestatisticsonthesummarization

levelsintheconfiguration, in order tochecktheir efficiency. Howmanytimes

theyarebeing used byCO-PA functionsand their relative sizecompared with

the std summary table?

PerformingarealignmentonCO-PAdataautomaticallyinvalidatesallthedatathat

hadbeenpreviouslysummarizedinthesummarizationlevels. Afterarealignment

hasbeenperformed,thesummarizationlevelshavetobefilledandrebuiltfrom

scratch again instead of being updated.

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Unit7: Tools AC605

Figure 157: Summarization Level Proposals

ForbothformsofProfitabilityAnalysis, account-basedandcosting-based,you

can obtain from the system:

• A record of user behavior in reporting.

• Proposalsfornewsummarizationlevelsappropriatetothisbehavior.

• Youcandeterminetheperiodtobeusedforanalyzinguserbehavior.

You can decide whether the system should take into account the existing

summarizationlevelswhengeneratingproposalsorcompletelynewlevelsshould

be created instead.

Proposalsshouldbegeneratedin thebackground.

Eachproposaldisplayshowmuchtimeisexpectedtobesavedwhenthereportis

runusingthatparticularsummarizationlevel. Thesuggestedsummarizationlevels

arelistedintheorderoftimesaved,startingwiththelevelthatsavesmosttime.

Afteryouhaveacceptedaproposalandthesystemhascreatedthecorresponding

levels,youneedtosupplytheselevelswithdatausingthereport,RKETRERU,or

bychoosingTools→SummarizationLevels→Updateinthemenu).

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AC605 Lesson: Performance Tools

Summarized Data and Frozen Data

Figure 158: Summarization Data & Frozen Data

Summarization data signifies a set of summarized data for a combination of

variables for a specific report. When you execute a report that has existing

summarizationdata, thesystemaccessesthesummarizationdataandupdatesit

byaddingthelineitemsthathavebeenpostedsincethelasttimethereportwas

executed. Thereportoutputthendisplaysthenewsummarizationdata.

Summarizationdataisnormallyonlyreallyefficientforaspecificreportifyou

executethatreportfrequently. SAP,forthisreason,doesnotrecommendthatyou

usesummarizationdataformostor allCO-PAreports.

When you define a report, you can specify whether the report will access

summarization levels or use summarization data. Within the same operating

concern, you can define reports with summarization data and reports with

summarization levels. For each report, you must also specify how the system

will react if no summarized data or summarization level can be found during

report execution.

Frozen data signifies the data stored for a specific report and a specific set of

variablevaluesataspecificpointintime. Therecanonlybeonesetoffrozendata

for each combination of variablesin a report.

Like the summarization data, the frozen data isonly valid for onereport. The

differenceisthatfrozendatacannotbeupdated. Frozendataisreportingdatathat

hasbeen“frozen”ataparticularpointintime. Itcanbegeneratedfromtheobject

levelorusingsummarizationdataorsummarizationlevels.

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Unit7: Tools AC605

Figure 159: Performance Settings - Key Points

You canusethefunction, FreezeReportData, to savethedataselected for the

report. Whenyouchoosethisfunction, thesystemalsosavesanychangesyou

have made to the report definition. You should use this function if you want

to be able to call up exactly the same set of data at a later point in time. You

can use variants and variant groups to freeze report data at specified times in

thebackground. Byfreezingreportdata,youcanexecutethereportonlinelater

without the system needing to read any data from the database. This reduces

run-timessubstantiallywhenyouexecutereportsonline.

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AC605 Lesson: Performance Tools

Exercise 21: Performance Tools

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• RetrievethefrozendataproducedbyCO-PAreportsruninthebackground

• Understand summarization levels

Business Example

To increase data retrieval speed on some of your routine reports, you have

decided to use frozen data. To further increase performance in CO-PA, your

controllingmanagerhasdecidedtousesummarizationlevels. Youhavecreated

thesummarization, level310, whichcontainsanumberof characteristics. You

show her the effects of using the summarization levels on performance when

running reports.

Task 1:

1. ExecuteBRXX, thefirstbasicreport that you created, where XXis your

groupnumberinthebackground,forthecompanycode,1000,actualbilling

data,forthepreviousandcurrentfiscalyears. Saveinsteadofprintingthe

report data generated in the background.

SpecifytherequiredcharacteristicvaluesandselectFreezereportdataunder

the Background Execution options.

Task 2:

1. Retrievethefrozendataforthereportyoujustraninthebackground.

Entertheexactcharacteristicvaluesthatyouusedwhenyouexecutedthe

report in thebackground. Executethereport.

In the dialog box that appears, choose the Frozen Data option instead of

Current Data.

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Unit7: Tools AC605

Solution 21: Performance Tools

Task 1:

1. ExecuteBRXX, thefirst basicreport that you created, whereXXisyour

groupnumberinthebackground,forthecompanycode,1000,actualbilling

data,forthepreviousandcurrentfiscalyears. Saveinsteadofprintingthe

report data generated in the background.

SpecifytherequiredcharacteristicvaluesandselectFreezereportdataunder

the Background Execution options.

a) ExecuteBRXX, thefirst basicreport thatyoucreated, where XXis

your groupnumber in thebackground, for thecompanycode, 1000,

actual billingdata, for the previousand current fiscal years. Freeze

insteadofprintingthedatageneratedinthebackground.

ProfitabilityAnalysis→InformationSystem→Current Settings→

BackgroundProcessing→MaintainVariants. Enterthereportname,

BRXX,andselectRebuildFrozenReportData.

IndicatetherequiredcharacteristicvaluesandselectFreezereportdata

under theBackground Execution options.

Choosethefollowingmenupath: Program→ExecuteinBackground.

Selectcontinueinthe“PrintParameters”dialogwindow. (SelectEnter

ifanywarningsappear). Select“Immediate”forthestarttimeandsave

yourentries. Thiswillkickoffthejobinthebackground.

Task 2:

1. Retrievethefrozendataforthereportyoujustraninthebackground.

Entertheexactcharacteristicvaluesthatyouusedwhenyouexecutedthe

report in the background. Executethereport.

In the dialog box that appears, choose theFrozen Data option instead of

Current Data.

a) Retrievethefrozendataforthereportyoujustraninthebackground.

ProfitabilityAnalysis→InformationSystem→ExecuteReport: Enter

thereportname(BRXX)andexecutethereport.

Entertheexactcharacteristicvaluesthatyouusedwhenyouexecuted

thereportinthebackground. Executethereport

Inthedialogboxthatappears,chooseSavedDatainsteadofCurrent

Data.

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AC605 Lesson: Performance Tools

Exercise 22: Summarization Levels

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Displaythecharacteristicsforasummarizationlevel

• Retrieve the analytical data on the location, size, and performance of a

summarization level

• Schedulebackgroundjobstoupdatesummarizationlevels

• Writereportsthat usesummarization levels

Business Example

Note: Ifyoufrequentlyrunreportsbasedonoperatingconcerndatathat

isnotextensive,itisusefulforyoutobeabletoaccessthesummarized

datastoredinsummarizationlevels. Summarizationlevelsarenormally

updatednightlysothatyoucanaccessthedataatcertainlevelsquickly

during the day.

Task 1:

1. Display thedefinition for summarizationlevel 310. What characteristics

were selected?

Task 2:

1. How can you display the number of times a level has been accessed by

thevariousCO-PAfunctions, suchasreporting, planning, andcostcenter

assessments?

2. What other key information is available on the Details screen for a

summarization level?

Task 3:

1. Writeandexecuteabasicreportthatusesthesummarizationlevel,310.

Specify the following characteristics:

CompanyCode,ControllingArea,andStrategicBusinessUnit.

Currency Type (B0 Only).

Execute the report for:

Fiscal Year: Current fiscal year

Period: 1 - 12

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Unit7: Tools AC605

Plan/Actual Indicator: 0

Version: empty

Record type: F

2. Howcanyoubesurethatareportaccessesaspecificsummarizationlevel?

Canyouassignaspecificsummarizationleveltoaparticularreport?

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AC605 Lesson: Performance Tools

Solution 22: Summarization Levels

Task 1:

1. Display thedefinition for summarizationlevel 310. What characteristics

were selected?

a) Display the definition for summarization level 310. What

characteristics were selected?

IMG→ProfitabilityAnalysis→Tools→SummarizationLevels→

Define Summarization Levels.

Selectthelevel, 310, andchooseCharacteristics.

Answer: Fiscal Year, Controlling Area, Currency Type (B0 Only),

Period,Plan/ActualIndicator,Version,RecordType,StrategicBusiness

Unit.

Task 2:

1. How can you display the number of times a level has been accessed by

thevariousCO-PAfunctions, suchasreporting, planning, andcostcenter

assessments?

a) Howcanyoudisplaythenumber of timesalevelhasbeenaccessed

by variousCO-PA functions(for example, reporting, planning, cost

center assessments)?

IMG→ProfitabilityAnalysis→Tools→SummarizationLevels→

Define Summarization Levels.

Select alevel andchooseDetails(magnifying glassicon)orusethe

menu option Goto → Details.

Viewthe information under Accesses.

2. What other key information is available on the Details screen for a

summarization level?

a) What other key information is available on the Details screen for a

summarization level?

ThenamesofthekeytableandthetotalstableintheABAPDictionary.

Thenumberofentriesinthekeytableandthetotalstable.

ThenumberofCO-PAsummaryrecordsreadforthebuild.

ThenumberofCO-PArecordsreadfortheupdates.

Continued on next page

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Unit7: Tools AC605

Task 3:

1. Writeandexecuteabasicreportthatusesthesummarizationlevel,310.

Specify the following characteristics:

CompanyCode,ControllingArea,andStrategicBusinessUnit.

Currency Type (B0 Only).

Execute the report for:

Fiscal Year: Current fiscal year

Period: 1 - 12

Plan/Actual Indicator: 0

Version: empty

Record type: F

a) Writeandexecuteabasicreportthatusesthesummarizationlevel310.

Specify the following characteristics:

Controlling Area, StrategicBusinessUnit.

Currency Type (B0 Only).

Execute the report for:

Fiscal Year: Current fiscal year

Period: 1 - 12

Plan/Actual Indicator: 0

Version: empty

Record type: F

Controlling→ProfitabilityAnalysis→InformationSystem→Create

Profitability Report. Follow the instructions for writing reports

outlinedinthesolutionsfortheexercisesinunit7,butchooseONLY

thecharacteristicscontainedinthesummarizationlevel. Thisapplies

to both form and report definitions.

Continued on next page

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AC605 Lesson: Performance Tools

2. Howcanyoubesurethatareportaccessesaspecificsummarizationlevel?

Canyouassignaspecificsummarizationleveltoaparticularreport?

a) Howcanyoubesurethatareportaccessesaspecificsummarization

level? Canyouassignaspecificsummarizationleveltoaparticular

report?

Whenareportisexecuted,themessage“Readingfromsummarization

level XX” appears on the screen sometimes very briefly, when the

report readsdatafromasummarizationlevel.

Youcannotassignareporttoaspecificsummarizationlevelbecause

thereportautomaticallysearchesforthemostefficient(smallest)one

that corresponds to the selection criteria.

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Unit7: Tools AC605

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Define and activate summarization levels

• Understand summarized dataand frozen data

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AC605 Lesson: Realignment and Customizing Monitors

Lesson: Realignment and Customizing Monitors

Lesson Overview

Thislessonexplainshowto re-organizeyourdataafter organizationalchanges

haveoccurred. ItalsodescribeshowtousethevariousoptionsoftheCustomizing

Monitorto carryoutsomekey analysisfunctions.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, youwillbeable to:

• Re-organizedataafterorganizationalchangeshaveoccurred

• Analyze the Customizing Settings using the different options of the

Customizing Monitor

Business Example

The management of your company would like to implement a profitability

accountingapplicationintheSAPsystem. Asamemberofyourtheprojectteam,

youaresupposedtoadviseonthequestionofwhether toimplementCO-PAor

EC-PCAintheSAPsystem. Youthenwillberesponsibleforimplementingthe

selected applications.

Thesalesmanagerofthecompanyhasinitiatedchangesindealerships. Todisplay

thenewdata,youneedtousethevarioustoolsinplanning.

The Realignment Concept

Figure 160: Realignment Concept

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Unit7: Tools AC605

Therealignmentfunctionaltersthedefinitionsoftheprofitabilitysegmentsinthe

database. Itsprimaryuseisforrestatinghistoricdatasothatitmakessenseinthe

contextofthecurrentmarketsituation. Noticethatitcanalsobeusedtocorrect

themistakesinCO-PAandpopulatethecharacteristicsthat haverecentlybeen

addedtoanoperatingconcernonhistoricsummaryrecords.

Becauserealignmentsalterthedefinitionsofprofitabilitysegments,arealignment

affectsallthehistoricdataintheCO-PAdatastructures. Realignments,ineffect,

create new definitions for sales channels. Following a realignment, you can

thereforenolongeranalyzetheoldviewinyourdrilldownreports. However,itis

possibletoanalyzelineitemseitherfromtheoldvieworfromthenewview.

Realignmentisanexcellent toolbutitneedstobeunderstoodthat realignment

affects the entire CO-PA summary database. Ideally, the person or persons

conductingrealignmentsshouldhaveaworkingunderstandingofderivationlogic

to avoid making mistakes. Realignments can be reversible but achieving the

requiredresultswithreversalisonlypossibleunderidealconditions.

TheadministrationandtheexecutionofrealignmentsisdoneintheCO-PAmenu.

Realignmentsareconductedbyexecutingarealignmentrun,whichisfirstdefined

withoneormorerealignmentordersorrequests. Eachofthesedetermineshow

selectedprofitabilitysegments,asdeterminedbytheselectioncriteria,shouldbe

modified as determined by a conversion rule.

With the selection criteria, characteristic values are specified to point the

profitabilitysegmentsthataretobechanged. Withconversionrules,itisspecified

whetherthecharacteristicvaluesintheselectedprofitabilitysegmentsarechanged

throughoverwritingthemtosomespecifiedvalue,orrederivedbasedonanynew

valuesandcurrentderivationlogic,orfixedanddonotchangeatall.

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AC605 Lesson: Realignment and Customizing Monitors

Figure 161: Realignments in Operation

Realignmentscan be executed in the test mode beforethey are run to actually

change the database. The test monitor is a flexible tool that can be used to

show exactly what theeffectsof therealignment will be, andwhy. It ishighly

recommendedthatthisbeusedextensivelywhenlearningthetool.

RealignmentscanbeexecutedonlineorinthebackgroundfromtheTransaction

screen. Multiplerealignmentscanrunatonetime,unlesstwoormorespecifythat

characteristicsaretoreceivefixedvalues. Toavoiddiscrepancies,thesetypesof

realignments must be run in a sequence.

Reversing a realignment using the restore function has the effect of restoring

thedefinitionsoftheprofitabilitysegmentsthatwerechangedtothedefinitions

prior tothattime. Reversalisonlypossibleifthedefinitionof therealignment

run has been preserved.

Realignmentsaffectbothcosting-basedandaccount-basedprofitabilityanalysis

becauseboththesesubmodulessharetheprofitabilitysegmentdefinitionsinthe

database.

Realignmentsinvalidatebothfrozendataanddatainsummarizationlevels. This

means that both these items have to be constructed again from the beginning

after a valid realignment run.

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Unit7: Tools AC605

Customizing Monitors

Figure 162: Customizing Monitor

YoucanusetheCustomizingMonitortocarryoutthreekeyanalysisfunctions:

• Overviewoftheorganizationalstructures: Theorganizationalstructures

forthecurrentoperatingconcernaredisplayedhere.

• Where-used list: Inthislist, youcandisplayanoverviewof theobjects

inwhichacharacteristicorvaluefieldisusedinCO-PACustomizing. You

can obtain thisoverview for thecurrent client or for all the clients in the

system. You can double-click to access the corresponding maintenance

transaction directly from the overview and thendeletethecorresponding

characteristic or value field.

• Thereportoverviewspecifiesthereportsinwhichparticularcharacteristics

areused. Inthisway,youcansetupcertainusefulsummarizationlevels.

For moreinformationontheanalysisoptionsavailableinvaluefieldanalysis,

valuationanalysis,andderivationanalysis,seetheIMGdocumentation.

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AC605 Lesson: Realignment and Customizing Monitors

Exercise 23: Realignment Concept

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Set up a realignment run

Business Example

Task 1:

Displaythelineitemcreatedintheunitonmasterdata,exercise4,task4.

1. WhatisthecharacteristicvaluefortheIndustrycharacteristic?

Industry:

Task 2:

Setuparealignmentrunforthecustomernumberallocatedtoyou,T-CO05A##.

Each realignment run summarizes a number of realignment requests. A

realignmentrequestconsistsofaselectionconditionandaconversionrule.

1. Create a realignment run.

Nametherun,IndustryGroup##. ##isthenumberassignedtoyou. Select

Enter.

2. Next, set up arealignment request. Place thecursor on therun, click the

RequesticonandenterGroup##asthenameoftherealignmentrequest.

From the selection of CO-PA characteristics, choose the Customer

characteristicandusetheselectionarrowtoaddthischaracteristictothelist

ofselectedcharacteristics. Next,enterthecustomernumber,T-CO05A##,

under characteristic value.

3. Define a conversion rule:

Enter the characteristics to be realigned.

Hint: Thetableontheleftshowsthecharacteristicstobederived

again, and the table on the right contains the characteristics that

are not to be realigned.

Inthisexercise,youwanttorealignalltheselectedmarketsegments. Setthe

valueoftheIndustryfieldtothecharacteristicValue,CHEM.

Continued on next page

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Unit7: Tools AC605

ChoosetheIndustryfield fromthetableon theleftandaddit tothetable

below: Overwritecharacteristicwithfixedvalue. Realignthecharacteristic

value to CHEM.

Save your entries.

4. Carry out therealignment run without atest.

5. Check the status of your realignment run. When the status, Successful,

appears,chooseRefreshtoseethelineitemthatyoupostedintheprevious

exercise.

Which industry is displayed?

a)IfyouselectReadaccordingtothecurrentstructure?

b) If you select Read as posted?

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AC605 Lesson: Realignment and Customizing Monitors

Solution 23: Realignment Concept

Task 1:

Displaythelineitemcreatedintheunitonmasterdata,exercise4,task4.

1. WhatisthecharacteristicvaluefortheIndustrycharacteristic?

Industry:

a) Displaythelineitemcreatedintheunitonmasterdata.

Accounting→Controlling→ProfitabilityAnalysis→ActualPostings

→ Display Line Items:

Record type: F

Period: Current Period

Customer: T-CO05A##

Execute (confirm any warnings)

WhatisthecharacteristicvaluefortheIndustrycharacteristic?

Industry: __________HITE(Hitech)_____________

Add Industry to the Layout

Task 2:

Setuparealignmentrunforthecustomernumberallocatedtoyou,T-CO05A##.

Each realignment run summarizes a number of realignment requests. A

realignmentrequestconsistsofaselectionconditionandaconversionrule.

1. Create a realignment run.

Continued on next page

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Unit7: Tools AC605

Nametherun,IndustryGroup##. ##isthenumberassignedtoyou. Select

Enter.

a) Set up a realignment run for the customer number allocated to

you, T-CO05A##. Each realignment run summarizes a number of

realignment requests. Arealignment request consists of a selection

condition and a conversion rule.

Accounting→Controlling→ProfitabilityAnalysis→MasterData

→ Maintain Realignments

Create a realignment run.

ClicktheRealignmentrunicon(Create). Shorttext: Industrygroup

##.

Nametherun, IndustryGroup##. ##isthenumber assignedtoyou.

Select Enter.

2. Next, set upa realignment request. Place thecursor on therun, clickthe

RequesticonandenterGroup##asthenameoftherealignmentrequest.

From the selection of CO-PA characteristics, choose the Customer

characteristicandusetheselectionarrowtoaddthischaracteristictothelist

ofselectedcharacteristics. Next,enterthecustomernumber,T-CO05A##,

under characteristic value.

a) Next,setuparealignmentrequest. Placethecursorontherun,clickthe

RequesticonandenterGroup##asthenameoftherealignmentrequest.

From the selection of CO-PA characteristics, choose the Customer

characteristicandusetheselectionarrowtoaddthischaracteristicto

thelistofselectedcharacteristics. Next, enter thecustomernumber,

T?CO05A##, under characteristic value.

3. Define a conversion rule:

Enter the characteristics to be realigned.

Hint: Thetableontheleftshowsthecharacteristicstobederived

again, and the table on the right contains the characteristics that

are not to be realigned.

Inthisexercise,youwanttorealignalltheselectedmarketsegments. Setthe

valueoftheIndustryfieldtothecharacteristicValue,CHEM.

ChoosetheIndustryfield fromthetableon theleftandaddit tothetable

below: Overwritecharacteristicwithfixedvalue. Realignthecharacteristic

value to CHEM.

Continued on next page

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AC605 Lesson: Realignment and Customizing Monitors

Save your entries.

a) Define a conversion rule:

Enter thecharacteristicsto berealigned.

Hint: The table on the left shows the characteristics to

be derived again, and the table on the right contains the

characteristicsthatarenottoberealigned.

Inthisexercise,youwanttorealignalltheselectedmarketsegments.

SetthevalueoftheIndustryfieldtothecharacteristicValue,CHEM.

ChoosetheIndustry fieldfromthetableontheleft andaddit tothe

tablebelow: Overwritecharacteristicwithfixed value. Realign the

characteristic value to CHEM.

Save your entries.

4. Carry out the realignment run without a test.

a) Carry out therealignment runwithoutatest.

Accounting→Controlling→ProfitabilityAnalysis→MasterData

→ Maintain Realignments → Run/Request → Execute: With start

date: Immediately

Remove the Test Run Indicator.

5. Check the status of your realignment run. When the status, Successful,

appears,chooseRefreshtoseethelineitemthatyoupostedintheprevious

exercise.

Which industry is displayed?

a)IfyouselectReadaccordingtothecurrentstructure?

Continued on next page

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Unit7: Tools AC605

b) If you select Read as posted?

a) Checkthestatusofyourrealignmentrun. Whenthestatus,Successful,

appears, choose Refresh to see the line item that you posted in the

previous exercise.

Accounting →Controlling →ProfitabilityAnalysis →Information

System→Display LineItemList →Actual

FieldNameorDataType Values

Cust.No. T-CO05A##

Product P-101

Date Entry date

Which industry is displayed?

a)IfyouselectReadaccordingtothecurrentstructure?

CHEM

b) If you select Read as posted?

HITE

416

FieldNameorDataType	Values
Cust.No.	T-CO05A##
Product	P-101
Date	Entry date

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AC605 Lesson: Realignment and Customizing Monitors

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Re-organizedataafterorganizationalchangeshaveoccurred

• Analyze the Customizing Settings using the different options of the

Customizing Monitor

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UnitSummary AC605

Unit Summary

You should now be able to:

• Define and activate summarization levels

• Understand summarized dataand frozen data

• Re-organizedataafterorganizationalchangeshaveoccurred

• Analyze the Customizing Settings using the different options of the

Customizing Monitor

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AC605 Test Your Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

1. Whataretheadvantagesofstoringdataatthesegmentlevel?

2. SAPrecommendsthatyouusesummarizationdataformostorallCO-PA

reports.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

3. To use summarization levels, you need to define, fill, and update the

summarization levels.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

4. signifiesthedatastoredforaspecificreportanda

specificsetofvariablevaluesataspecificpointintime.

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

5. ArealignmentaffectsallthehistoricdataintheCO-PAdatastructures.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

6. In the list, you can display an overview of the

objectsinwhichacharacteristicorvaluefieldisusedinCO-PACustomizing.

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

7. Theorganizationalstructuresforthecurrentoperatingconcernaredisplayed

in the Where-used list.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

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TestYourKnowledge AC605

8. Reversingarealignmentusingtherestorefunctionhastheeffectofrestoring

thedefinitionsofthe .

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

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AC605 Test Your Knowledge

Answers

1. Whataretheadvantagesofstoringdataatthesegmentlevel?

Answer: Savingdataatsegmentlevelprovidesthefollowingadvantages:

Reductionofthedatavolumebyeliminatingredundancy,storageofhistoric

data and realignment of posted data.

2. SAPrecommendsthatyouusesummarizationdataformostorallCO-PA

reports.

Answer: False

Summarization dataisnormallyonlyreallyefficientfor aspecificreport.

Forthisreason,SAPdoesnotrecommendthatyouusesummarizationdata

for most or all CO-PA reports.

3. To use summarization levels, you need to define, fill, and update the

summarization levels.

Answer: True

Tousesummarizationlevels,youneedtodefinethem(inconfiguration),fill

themwithdatafromthesegmentlevelsummaryrecords(ontheuserside),

andupdatethemperiodicallyinthebackground(onuserside).

4. Frozendatasignifiesthedatastoredforaspecificreportandaspecificsetof

variable valuesat a specific point in time.

Answer: Frozen data

5. ArealignmentaffectsallthehistoricdataintheCO-PAdatastructures.

Answer: True

Because realignments alter the definitions of profitability segments, a

realignmentaffectsallthehistoricdataintheCO-PAdatastructures.

6. IntheWhere-usedlist,youcandisplayanoverviewoftheobjectsinwhicha

characteristicorvaluefieldisusedinCO-PACustomizing.

Answer: Where-used

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7. Theorganizationalstructuresforthecurrentoperatingconcernaredisplayed

in the Where-used list.

Answer: False

Theorganizationalstructuresforthecurrentoperatingconcernaredisplayed

in theoverview of organizational structures.

8. Reversingarealignmentusingtherestorefunctionhastheeffectofrestoring

the definitionsof the profitability segments.

Answer: profitability segments

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AC605 Course Summary

Course Summary

You should now be able to:

• UnderstandthefunctionsinProfitabilityAnalysisandobtainaninsighton

how to implement the component

• Set up the structures of an operating concern and examine characteristic

derivation and valuation

• ExplainhowtheintegrationbetweenSalesOrderManagement, Financial

Accounting andManagement Accounting works

• Createplanninglayouts, reports, andreport forms

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CourseSummary AC605

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Appendix 1

Appendix

Figure 163: Appendix

Figure 164: Master Data : Additional Topics

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Appendix1: Appendix AC605

Figure 165: Working with a Standard Unit of Measure

Working with standard units of measure allows you to convert the different

unitsof measureintoonesingleunit ofmeasureof universal application. This

conversion can occur in two different ways.

First,youcandefinethestandardunitofmeasureinsuchawaythattheunitof

measuretransferred fromthe previousapplicationsof the sourcequantityfield

canbeconvertedintotheCO-PAstandardunitofmeasureforallmaterials. When

youdothis,youshouldensurethattheunitofmeasureselectedasthestandardis

maintainedinthematerialmasterforallmaterialseitherasabaseunitofmeasure

or as an alternative unit of measure.

Ifthedefinitionofauniformstandardunitofmeasureisnotpossibleduetothe

heterogeneityofthematerialsaffected,youcandefineacomparablestandardunit

ofmeasureusingthesamemethodsaswithderivationofcharacteristics. Forthis,

youneedtotakeacharacteristicvalue,suchasaproductgroup,asyourbasis.

Thisstraightforwardfeatureenablesyoutocomparethedifferentunitsofmeasure

in CO-PA.

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AC605 Appendix 1: Appendix

Figure 166: Aggregating the Tracing Factor

Normally, periodic allocation is carried out using tracing factors defined

specificallyintheperiodconcerned. Thismeansthattheperiodicsendervalues

postedaresettledonthebasisofthetracingfactorsdefinedinthisperiod.

Noticethatifthesetracingfactorsaresubjecttosignificantperiodicfluctuations,

youcannotallocatethevaluesaccordingtotheircause.

As of Release 4.0A, you can use the Aggregated tracing factor indicator to

eliminate the fluctuations between periods.

Figure 167: CO-PA Derivation: (1)

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Appendix1: Appendix AC605

Characteristic derivation refers to the attempts of the system to determine the

characteristic valuesfor the characteristics for all COPA-relevant transactions

(supplementing the automatic mappings).

Supplementingthevaluesdeterminedthroughtheautomaticmappings,derivation

can access additional information (characteristic values) both on and off the

originating transaction.

For every COPA-relevant transaction, the system will attempt to derive a

characteristicvalueforeachandeverycharacteristicintheoperatingconcernif

the derivation configuration is complete.

Derivationisnotalwayssuccessful. Unsuccessfulderivationforacharacteristic

resultsinthepostingofablank,null,orunassignedcharacteristicvalue.

The total combination of (segment-level) characteristic values for a given

transaction comprises the definition of therelevant profitability segment. The

profitabilitysegmentistheaccountassignmentobjectforCO-PA.

Thedependantcharacteristics,suchasthecustomergroupandthesalesdistrict

canbederivedonlyifthecharacteristicvaluesfortheindependentcharacteristics,

customer,salesorganization,distributionchannel,anddivisionareallspecified.

Figure 168: CO-PA Derivation: (2)

Derivationrulesareusedtodeterminecharacteristicvaluesthroughuser-defined

logic. Theyarefrequentlyusedwithuser-definedcharacteristics,althoughthey

are not limited to this application.

With derivation rules, characteristic values, also known as target values, are

determined directly based on the values of other characteristic values called

source values.

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AC605 Appendix 1: Appendix

Similartootherderivationsteps,derivationrulescanbeconfiguredeithertoapply

forallsituations,ortoapplyonlywhencertainconditionsaremet,suchaswhen

a sales organization is 1000.

Likeothersteps, derivationrulescanbeconfiguredtoproduceanerror whena

valuecannotbedeterminedthroughtheruleentriesortoignorethisfailureand

proceed.

Unlikeotherderivationsteps,derivationruleentriescanbeconfiguredtoeither

berelatedtoaspecificintervalortime(time-dependent),ortobeapplicablefor

all time (time-independent).

Derivationrulescanbesetupinsequencewithotherderivationstepsandmethods

to produce complex derivation logic.

IfaCO-PAderivationruleisnot maintainedproperly, thesystem will issuean

errormessagewhentheCO-PAderivationisperformed. Afaultyderivationrule

maypreventbillingdocumentsfrombeingreleasedtoaccounting.

Figure 169: Special Characteristics

Figure 170: Product Hierarchy

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Theproducthierarchyenteredinthematerialmasteriscontainedinan18-character

fieldthatislogicallydividedintodifferentlevels. Ifyousimplychoosethisfield

from the reference table, the tables MARAor MVKE, as you would for other

characteristics,theInformationSystemcannotrecognizeitsencryptedhierarchical

structure. Thismeansthatyoucanonlydrilldownononelevelofthehierarchy.

Figure 171: Transfer"Product Hierarchy"before Rel. 4.5

If you want to drill down through all the levels of the product hierarchy in

the report, you need to represent each of the individual levels as a separate

characteristicinCO-PA.Example: Theproducthierarchycontainsthreeparts,the

firsttwowiththelength5andthethirdwiththelength8. Thismeansthatthefirst

level of the product hierarchy is of the length 5, the second one of the length

10 (because it is composed of the first two parts) and the third level is of the

length18. InCO-PA,youneedtodefinethefollowingthreecharacteristicsfor

these three levels (transaction KEA0):

WWPH1 ‘Product Hierarchy. Level 1' CHAR5

WWPH2‘ProductHierarchy. Level2'CHAR10(5+5!)

WWPH3‘ProductHierarchy. Level3'CHAR18(5+5+8!)

Next,youneedtoinformthesystemthatthecharacteristicsdefinedabovearetobe

suppliedwiththevaluesfromaproducthierarchy. Bymaintainingtheappropriate

derivationtableentries,youcansupplytheselevelsautomaticallywiththeproduct

hierarchy contained in the material master. Check OSS note 62690 for more

information. InCO-PA,youneedtomaintainmasterdataforyouruser-defined

fields. Fortheaboveexample,enterallthevalidproducthierarchyelementsfor

allthreecharacteristics,WWPH1,WWPH2,andWWPH3(transactionKES1).

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Figure 172: Transfer“ProductHierarchy”Release4.5 (1)

From Release 4.5, you can transfer the levels of the characteristic, “Product

hierarchy”, from the material master toCO-PA.

ThelevelsoftheproducthierarchyaredefinedinCustomizingunder: Logistics-

General→BasicDataLogistics: MaterialMaster→Material→DataRelevant

to Sales → Define Product Hierarchies.

The fields, PAPH1 and PAPH2 are generated in CO-PA to correspond to the

producthierarchylevels. WiththeCO-PACustomizingfunction“Transferfrom

SAPtable”,youcanselectthedesiredfieldsfromthetableMVKEtobeusedas

characteristicsinCO-PA.Thisenablesyoutoperformevaluationsinreportingfor

the individual hierarchy levels.

In contrast to when you define your own characteristics, you do not need to

maintain any characteristic values or derivation rules when you adopt the

characteristics from an SAP table.

Youcanstilluseanyuser-definedcharacteristicsfortheproducthierarchy,which

you were already using.

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Figure 173: Transfer “Region” from an SAP Table

FromRelease4.5,youcantransferthe“Region”fieldfromthecustomermaster

to useitasacharacteristicin Profitability Analysis.

The PAREG field isavailablethroughthe“Transfer from SAP table”function

in CO-PA Customizing and can be transferred from the customer master, the

table KNA1. This field is composed of the characteristic valuesfrom country

and region.

In contrast to when you define your own characteristics, you do not need to

maintain any characteristic values or derivation rules when you adopt the

characteristics from an SAP table.

Youcanstillusethe“Region”characteristic(possiblyauser-definedcharacteristic)

that you were already using.

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Figure 174: Customer Hierarchies

InProfitabilityAnalysisyouusespecialcharacteristicstopresentthecustomer

hierarchyinsales. Youcaninsertthesecharacteristicsintothedatastructureof

youroperatingconcernfromthePAPARTNERstructure. Eachindividuallevel

ofthecustomerhierarchyisassignedtoaseparateCO-PAcharacteristic,HIE01,

HIE02, and HIE10.

When you transfer sales orders or billing documents, the customer hierarchy

determined by SD is automatically transferred to CO-PA with the order or

document. InotherProfitabilityAnalysistransactions,thecustomerhierarchyis

determined by derivation with the help of the characteristics, customer, sales

organization, distribution channel and division. Here, the customer hierarchy

category assigned to the respective operating concern should always be taken

into consideration.

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Figure 175: Determination of the division in SD

Figure 176: Partner functions

You can use the partner functions from SD as characteristics in Profitability

Analysis. Certain standard partner functions are available for this purpose.

Further,youcandefineyourownpartnerfunctionsinSD.Thecustomer-defined

partner functions can also be transferred to the Profitability Analysis data

structures as characteristics.

Acleardistinctionmustbemadebetweenthestandardpartnerfunctionsandthe

user-definedpartnerfunctions. Betweenboththestandardpartnerfunctionsand

theuser-definedpartnerfunctions,afurtherdistinctionismadebetweenpersonnel

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representativefunctionsandpartnerfunctions,whichsignifythecustomermaster

datatableandthevendormasterdatatables,KNA1orLFA1. Partnerfunctions,

which refer to the customermaster datatableor thevendor master data tables,

areassignedtothecorrespondingmaster datatables, KNA1or LFA1, asvalue

tables. Personnelrepresentativefunctionsdonothaveanyvaluetables. Thesales

employeeisanexampleofapersonnelrepresentativefunction,whichisavailable

in the standard system.

Please study the OSS note 36557 for in-depth explanation on how to transfer

partner functions from SD into CO-PA.

Figure 177: Value Flows

Figure 178: SD/CO-PA Interface (transfer of sales revenue/revenue

deductions)

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