AC010_EN_Col92_FV_Part_A4 (第8页) | ERP软件技术分享

第 274 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

Figure 87: Sales Process

Onthedayofshipping,anoutbounddeliverydocumentiscreated. Billingforthe

deliverycantakeplaceonlywhenthegoodshavebeentakenfromthewarehouse

stockandpostedasagoodsissue. Thisisanseparatestepinthedeliveryprocess.

Thewarehousemanagementfunctionisusedforpicking. Atransferorderhasto

becreated,whichgeneratesthepickorder. Therequestedgoodsaretakenfrom

the warehouse and prepared for delivery.

Thegoodstobedeliveredarepostedasagoodsissue. Agoodsissuedocument

iscreatedin MaterialsManagement, and anaccountingdocumentiscreatedin

Accounting so that the goods issueis posted tothe correct G/L accounts. The

accountingdocumentdebitscostofgoodssoldandcreditsinventory.

The last stage in the sales process isbilling. A billing document is created in

SalesOrderManagement, and aprinted invoiceissent tothecustomer. At the

sametime,adocumentiscreatedinAccountingsothatthereceivableandrevenue

can be posted to the correct accounts.

Document flow isa tool that allowsyou to view the related documents in the

process.

260

第 275 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Figure 88: Sales Order Entry Screen

TheSalesOrderEntryScreenconsistsofseveralsections:

• header data

• header data, combined with Position data

• item details

261

第 276 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

262

第 277 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Exercise 16: Integration with Sales Order

Management

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Create a sales order

• Create an outbound delivery

• Create a billing document

• Displaythedocumentflowforthisprocessfromthecustomeraccount

Business Example

CustomerinvoicesarenotusuallyposteddirectlyinAccounting,butareposted

toAccountsReceivablefromSalesOrderManagement. Anormalsalesprocess

at IDES consistsof receiving asalesorder, creatinganoutbound delivery, and

billing. Normally,thesestepsoccuroverseveraldays. However,wewillcomplete

all steps as of today to facilitate the exercise.

Task 1: Carry out a sales process

The sales organization in Frankfurt (1000) receives a purchase order from the

companyBecker##(Customer##). Thecompanyorderstwopumps,modelCast

steelIDESNORM170-230. ThematerialhasthematerialnumberP-109. The

purchaseorderhasthenumber12##andisdatedtoday.

1. Create a sales order as a scheduled order and note down the number.

The distribution channel used is Final customer sales. The division is

Cross-division sales. The customer has requested that delivery be made

one week from today.

Task 2: Create outbound delivery

On the customer’s requested delivery date, shipping point 1000 creates the

outbound delivery, the goodsare taken from the warehouse (picking), and the

goods issue is posted. Carry out this process.

Hint: In an real situation, collective transactions are usually used to

generateandprocessalargevolumeofthefollowingdocuments. Youwill

carryoutthestepsforindividualprocessingheresothattheprocedureis

clearer.

1. Create the outbound delivery.

Continued on next page

263

第 278 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

2. Pickthegoodsbycreatingatransferorderforwarehousemanagement.

The goods are in the Hamburg warehouse (010). The process should be

system-guided.

3. Write down the transfer order number.

4. Gobacktotheoutbounddeliveryandpostthegoodsissue. Thenchoose

Environment→DocumentFlowfromthemenubartofindoutthenumber

of the goods issue delivery document.

5. Writedownthegoodsissue:deliverydocumentnumber.

6. Viewthegoodsissuedeliverydocument. Fromhere,gototheaccompanying

accountingdocumentandwritedowntheaccountingtransaction.

Task 3: Create a billing document

The customer must now be charged for the delivery. Bill the customer for the

delivery. Thenwritedownthebillingdocumentnumber.

1. Create the billing document.

2. Display the billing document on the screen and from here, go to the

accompanyingaccountingdocument. Whatinformationdoestheaccounting

transaction contain?

Task 4: Check billing document information in AR

Checkthatthebillingdocumentcanbeviewedfromthecustomer’slineitems.

1. DisplaythelineitemsofCustomer##asofoneweekfromtoday.

2. Fromthelineitems, drill downonthedocument withdocument typeRV.

Branch to the original document.

3. Fromtheoriginalbillingdocument,branchtothedisplayofthedocument

flowtoseethedocumentsinthesalesorderprocess. Whatisthestatusof

each document?

264

第 279 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Solution 16: Integration with Sales Order

Management

Task 1: Carry out a sales process

The sales organization in Frankfurt (1000) receives a purchase order from the

companyBecker##(Customer##). Thecompanyorderstwopumps,modelCast

steelIDESNORM170-230. ThematerialhasthematerialnumberP-109. The

purchaseorderhasthenumber12##andisdatedtoday.

1. Create a sales order as a scheduled order and note down the number.

The distribution channel used is Final customer sales. The division is

Cross-division sales. The customer has requested that delivery be made

one week from today.

a) SelectLogistics→SalesandDistribution→Sales→Order→Create.

Field Name Value

Order type TA

Sales org. 1000

Distributionchannel 10

Division 00

b) Choose Enter.

Field Name Value

Sold-to-party Customer##

Purch.order no. 12##

Purchase orderdate <today's date>

Sales tab page:

Req. delivery date Write down the default

requested delivery

date.

All items area:

Material P-109

Order quantity 2

c) Choose Enter. The data is transferred into the sales order from the

customer and material master records.

Continued on next page

265

Field Name	Value
Order type	TA
Sales org.	1000
Distributionchannel	10
Division	00

Field Name	Value
Sold-to-party	Customer##
Purch.order no.	12##
Purchase orderdate	<today's date>
Sales tab page:
Req. delivery date	Write down the default requested delivery date.
All items area:
Material	P-109
Order quantity	2

第 280 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

d) Choose Save.

e) Write down the standard order number.

f) Return to the SAP Easy Access menu.

Task 2: Create outbound delivery

On the customer’s requested delivery date, shipping point 1000 creates the

outbound delivery, the goods are taken from the warehouse (picking), and the

goods issue is posted. Carry out this process.

Hint: In an real situation, collective transactions are usually used to

generateandprocessalargevolumeofthefollowingdocuments. Youwill

carryoutthestepsforindividualprocessingheresothattheprocedureis

clearer.

1. Create the outbound delivery.

a) Choose Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Shipping and

Transportation→OutboundDelivery→Create→SingleDocument→

With Reference to Sales Order.

Field Name Value

Shipping point 1000

Selection date Req. delivery date

Sales Order Your sales order

number (should appear as

default)

b) Choose Enter.

c) The delivery overview is displayed.

d) Choose Save.

Write down the delivery number.

Note: Beforethegoodsissuecanbeposted,thegoodshaveto

bepicked, whichwill beour next step.

e) Return to the SAP Easy Access menu.

2. Pickthegoodsbycreatingatransferorderforwarehousemanagement.

Continued on next page

266

Field Name	Value
Shipping point	1000
Selection date	Req. delivery date
Sales Order	Your sales order number (should appear as default)

第 281 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

The goods are in the Hamburg warehouse (010). The process should be

system-guided.

a) Choose Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Shipping and

Transportation → Picking → Create Transfer Order → Single

Document.

Field Name Value

Warehouse number 010

Delivery <delivery number you

wrote down>(Itshoulddefault

in.)

Control area

Activate Item

Process Flow System-guided

b) Choose Enter.

The transport order is displayed

c) Choose Post.

3. Write down the transfer order number.

a) Writedown the transfer order number.

b) Return to the SAP Easy Accessmenu.

Continued on next page

267

Field Name	Value
Warehouse number	010
Delivery	<delivery number you wrote down>(Itshoulddefault in.)
Control area
Activate Item
Process Flow	System-guided

第 282 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

4. Gobacktotheoutbounddeliveryandpostthegoodsissue. Thenchoose

Environment→DocumentFlowfromthemenubartofindoutthenumber

of the goods issue delivery document.

a) Choose Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Shipping and

Transportation → Post Goods Issue → Outbound Delivery Single

Document.

Field Name Value

Outbound delivery <delivery number you

wrote down>(Itshoulddefault

in.)

b) Choose Post goods issue.

Note: Themessage“Deliveryxxxhasbeensaved”appears.

This is the changed delivery for which the goods issue is

now ready.

c) FromtheChangeOutboundDeliveryscreenmenu,chooseEnvironment

→ Document Flow.

5. Writedownthegoodsissue:deliverydocumentnumber.

a) Thedocumentflowisdisplayed. Writedownthegoodsissue: delivery

documentnumber. Remaininthisscreenforthenextstep.

6. Viewthegoodsissuedeliverydocument. Fromhere,gototheaccompanying

accountingdocumentandwritedowntheaccountingtransaction.

a) SelecttheGoodsIssue: Delivery document.

b) Choose Display document.

The material document is displayed.

c) Choose the AC docmts button.

d) Choose Accounting document.

Note: The amount of the goods issued was taken from the

material master record and was calculated there byproduct

cost controlling.

e) GobacktotheSAPEasyAccessmenubyentering/Ninthecommand

field.

Continued on next page

268

Field Name	Value
Outbound delivery	<delivery number you wrote down>(Itshoulddefault in.)

第 283 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Task 3: Create a billing document

The customer must now becharged for the delivery. Bill the customer for the

delivery. Thenwritedownthebillingdocumentnumber.

1. Create the billing document.

a) Select Logistics → Sales and Distribution → Billing → Billing

Document → Create.

Field Name Value

Document <delivery number you

noted>

b) Choose Save.

c) Write down the billing document number. Remain in this screen

for the next step.

2. Display the billing document on the screen and from here, go to the

accompanyingaccountingdocument. Whatinformationdoestheaccounting

transaction contain?

a) Fromthemenu,chooseBillingDocument→Display.

Field Name Value

Billing document <billing document

number you noted>

b) Choose Enter.

The invoice is displayed.

c) Choose Accounting Overview.

d) Choose Accounting document.

The accounting document is displayed.

e) GobacktotheSAPEasyAccessmenubyentering/Ninthecommand

field.

Continued on next page

269

Field Name	Value
Document	<delivery number you noted>

Field Name	Value
Billing document	<billing document number you noted>

第 284 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

Task 4: Check billing document information in AR

Checkthatthebillingdocumentcanbeviewedfromthecustomer’slineitems.

1. DisplaythelineitemsofCustomer##asofoneweekfromtoday.

a) Checkthat thebillingdocumentcanbeviewedfromthecustomer’s

line items.

SelectAccounting→FinancialAccounting→AccountsReceivable→

Account →Display/Change LineItems.

Field Name Value

Customer account Customer##

Open at key date <one week from

delivery>

b) Choose Execute.

2. Fromthelineitems, drill downonthedocument withdocument typeRV.

Branch to the original document.

a) DrilldownontheRVdocumenttypedocument.

b) From themenu, chooseEnvironment →Document Environment →

Original Document.

3. Fromtheoriginalbillingdocument,branchtothedisplayofthedocument

flowtoseethedocumentsinthesalesorderprocess. Whatisthestatusof

each document?

a) The billing document is displayed

b) Fromthemenu,chooseEnvironment→DisplayDocumentFlow.

The key documents in the sales order process are displayed. All

documentsarecompleted,exceptfortheaccountingdocument. This

hasnotyetbeenclearedbecausethecustomerhastopaythebillfirst.

c) ReturntotheSAPEasyAccessmenubytyping /Ninthecommand

field.

270

Field Name	Value
Customer account	Customer##
Open at key date	<one week from delivery>

第 285 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Integration with Sales Order Management

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• DescribethemostimportantorganizationalunitsinSalesOrderManagement

• DescribethebasicsalesprocessinSalesOrder Managementandtraceits

effects in external Accounting

271

第 286 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

Lesson: Closing Operations in Accounts Receivable

Lesson Overview

Inthislesson,wewilllearntoadjustforbaddebtexpenseusingavalueadjustment

program. Wewillalsorunthebalancecarryforwardprogramforacustomer.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Post value adjustments

• Run the balance carry forward program

Business Example

At the end of the month, most companies have to check the recoverability of

receivablesandmakerespectiveoffsettingentries. Thevalueadjustmentprogram

can help you fine-tune your estimate by using a value adjustment key. Since

this estimate is generally made for reporting purposes, the bad debt expense

transactionisusuallyreversedatthebeginningofthenextmonth. Atyearend,a

permanent bad debt expenseestimate ismade.

At the end of the year, the balance carry forward program is run to transfer

balances from theoldfiscal year tothenewone.

Closing Operations for Accounts Receivable

Atthestartofthenewfiscalyear,thebalancecarryforwardprogramisrun,which

ensuresthatthebalanceoncustomeraccountsiscarriedforwardtothenewfiscal

year. Thepostingperiodsoftheoldfiscal yeararethenblockedandthespecial

periods for closing entries are opened.

272

第 287 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Closing Operations in Accounts Receivable

Figure 89: Accounts Receivable Closing Operations

After this, balance confirmations are sent and evaluated, foreign currency

documentsarevaluated,valueadjustmentsarecarriedoutforoverduereceivables,

andaccountsreceivablearereclassifiedintoshort andlong-term categoriesfor

the financial statement.

The special periods can then be closed.

Balance confirmations, foreign currency valuations, and regroupings are

carriedoutinthesamewayasinaccountspayable. For thisreason, thislesson

concentratesonhowvalueadjustmentsareperformed.

273

第 288 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

Figure 90: Value Adjustments

Thefollowingoptionsareavailableforcreatingvalueadjustmentsforreceivables:

1. Youenterindividualvalueadjustments(IVA)asaspecialG/LtransactionE.

2. YouuseprogramSAPF107(“Additionalvaluations”)tocarryoutaflat-rate

individual value adjustment.

3. Onceyouhavedeterminedtheamountofthevalueadjustment,youadjust

theflat-ratevaluebymakingamanualG/Laccount posting. Theposting

recordis: Expensefromflat-ratevalueadjustmenttovalueadjustment.

274

第 289 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Closing Operations in Accounts Receivable

Figure91: IndividualValueAdjustmentforDoubtfulReceivables

Doubtful receivables are written off as an individual value adjustment (IVA)

duringyear-endclosing. Thespecial generalledgermethodissuitable for this

procedure since the transaction is entered in the customer account and is also

“posted”toaspecialG/Laccount,IndividualValueAdjustmentsforReceivables.

Usethetaxcodethatrepresentsataxrateofzeropercentfortheposting.

Afteryouhaveascertainedthatthedebtisirrecoverableorthatthereceivablehas

beenpaid,theindividualvalueadjustmentisreversed. Ifthedebtisirrecoverable,

thereceivableisclearedfromthecustomeraccountandtheamountispostedtothe

accountfordepreciationofreceivables. Thesalestaxisadjustedintheposting.

Value Adjustment Parameters

Youcanuse avaluationprogramto carry out valueadjustments. Theprogram

functionslikethedunningandpaymentprogram. Eachvaluationrunisclearly

identifiedbytheRun dateandIdentificationfields.

Youcanspecifyhowthevaluationistobeexecutedbyenteringparametersfor

thevaluationrun. Youcanusetheparametersof anexisting valuationrunasa

template. These parameters include the valuation method, valuation area and

posting specifications.

275

第 290 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

Figure 92: Value Adjustment Parameters

Figure 93: Valuation Run

276

第 291 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Closing Operations in Accounts Receivable

Thevaluationrunanalyzestheaccountsanddocumentsdefinedintheparameters

and creates a valuation proposal, which can then be edited, if necessary. The

valuations can be:

• Entered manually in the document at an earlier date (individual value

adjustment)

• Determinedusingavalueadjustmentkeycontainedinthecustomermaster

record. Duringthevaluation, acertainpercentageof theoverdueamount

isused. Thenumberofdaysthattherespectiveitemsareoverdueareused

asbasisfor thispercentage(reserveforbaddebt). Severalvaluationkeys

canbecreatedforcustomersofvaryingcreditstrength. Thatway,overdue

accountsreceivablefromweakercustomerswillbereducedmorethanthose

for stronger customers.

Figure 94: Valuation Transfer

Thelaststageofthevaluationprocessisthetransfer. G/Ldocumentspostthe

valuation, and the valuation isalso entered in the valuated documents, so that

the valuation can be traced at any time.

Note: Thevaluationscanbecarriedoutindifferentwaysifthefinancial

statement is created using different sets of accounting standards. The

differing results are then posted to separate accounts that are used in

different financial statement versions.

Note: The valuation run can also be used to discount open accounts

receivable,whichmeanstheyarevaluatedattheirnetpresentvalue. This

is a requirement in some countries.

277

第 292 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

278

第 293 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Closing Operations in Accounts Receivable

Exercise 17: Closing Procedures in

Accounts Receivable

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Makeadjustmentstocustomeraccountsinaccountsreceivableforbaddebt

expense estimates

• Run the balance carry forward program

Business Example

Dependingonlegalrequirements,variousproceduresneedtobecompletedinthe

subsidiaryledgersbeforefinancialstatementscanbecreatedinthegeneralledger.

Estimatesofbaddebtexpensecanbemadeusingthevalueadjustmentprogram.

Attheendoftheyear,thebalancecarryforwardprogrammustberun.

Task 1: Complete value adjustments for receivables

IDESwantstomakea5percentadjustmentonallreceivablesthatareoverdueby

morethan30daysatthetimetheadjustmentismade. Avalueadjustmentkeywas

setupinconfigurationandmustbeenteredintothemasterrecordofcustomers.

1. CheckwhethervaluationadjustmentkeyABhasbeenenteredinthemaster

record of customer Foreign##. If not, enterit.

Task 2: Start a valuation run

Aspartofclosingprocedures,avaluationrunmustbeexecutedinordertocarry

out the valuation adjustment.

1. Use today's date as the run date and your group number, GR##, as the

identification.

2. Thekeydateisthelastdayofthepreviousmonth. Usethevaluationmethod

Flat-rateindividual valueadjustment. SelectUSasthevaluationarea.

Usethelastdayofthepreviousmonthasthepostingdateandthefirstdayof

thecurrentmonthasthereversaldate. ThedocumenttypeisSB.Remember

to set the indicator to generate postings.

Continued on next page

279

第 294 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

3. ChoosetheSelectionoptionsbuttonandenterForeign##intheCustomer

Account field.

Note: OntheSelectionoptionsscreen, makesureyouselectonly

yourcustomerForeign##incompanycode1000andselectthe

indicatorsothateachgroupcancompletetheexerciseforitsown

customer.

Activatetheadditionallogbyenteringyourcustomer,Foreign##,inthe

Account Trace field.

4. Start the valuation run.

5. Display the valuation list. Two items should have been selected, one of

which should have been reduced in value. Avalue adjustment is not yet

necessaryfortheotheritembecauseitisnot30daysoverdue.

Hint: DependingonthetimeofcourseAC010,youcanalsoshow

just oneitemintheamountofEUR10,000.

Ifnovaluationsaredisplayedinthescreen,youhavemadeanderror

somewhere. Call up theproposal log ( Edit →Valuation Run →

DisplayLog)fromthemenubarontheinitialscreentoseeifyou

canfindtheerror. Deletethevaluationrun(Edit→ValuationRun

→Delete)andremovetheerror. Restartthevaluationrun. Repeat

thisprocessuntilvaluationsaredisplayedintheproposal.

6. TransferthevaluationtoFinancialAccounting(FI).

7. Checkwhetherthepostingsweremadebylookingatthebalancesofaccount

142100(allowancefordoubtfulaccounts)incompanycode1000inbusiness

area BA##.

8. Ifnobalanceexistsinthisaccountforyourbusinessarea,checkyourbatch

jobstoseeifjobF107–AC010##exists. Thisjobiscreatedwhenthebatch

jobdidnotprocessautomatically. ProcessthisbatchjobbyselectingDisplay

ErrorsOnly. Correctanyerrorstofinishprocessingthejob,thenre-check

the balance of account 142100.

Continued on next page

280

第 295 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Closing Operations in Accounts Receivable

Task 3: Optional (only works if the customer NEW##

has been created and posted): Run the balance carry

forward program

At the end of each year, the balance carry forward program is run for balance

sheet accounts. The balances from previous years show up in the first row of

the balance report.

1. CheckthebalanceforcustomerNew##forthefollowingyear. Then,runthe

balancecarryforwardprogramforthefollowingyearforNew##. Re-check

thebalanceinthecustomeraccount againforthefollowingyeartoverify

thatthebalancefromthecurrentyearhasbeencarriedforward.

281

第 296 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

Solution 17: Closing Procedures in

Accounts Receivable

Task 1: Complete value adjustments for receivables

IDESwantstomakea5percentadjustmentonallreceivablesthatareoverdueby

morethan30daysatthetimetheadjustmentismade. Avalueadjustmentkeywas

setupinconfigurationandmustbeenteredintothemasterrecordofcustomers.

1. CheckwhethervaluationadjustmentkeyABhasbeenenteredinthemaster

record of customer Foreign##. If not, enter it.

a) ChooseAccounting→FinancialAccounting→AccountsReceivable

→ Master Records → Change.

Field Name Value

Customer Foreign##

Company code 1000

b) Choose Continue (enter).

c) Choose Company code data.

Select the Account management tab.

d) AB has to be entered intheValueadjustmentfield. If itisnotthere,

enteritandsavethechangetothemasterrecord.

e) Return to the SAP Easy Access menu.

Task 2: Start a valuation run

Aspartofclosingprocedures,avaluationrunmustbeexecutedinordertocarry

out the valuation adjustment.

1. Use today's date as the run date and your group number, GR##, as the

identification.

a) ChooseAccounting→Financialaccounting→AccountsReceivable

→PeriodicProcessing→Closing→Valuate→FurtherValuations.

Field Name Value

Run on <today's date>

Identification GR##

b) Choose Enter to see the message about the status of the run (no

parameters entered as yet).

Continued on next page

282

Field Name	Value
Customer	Foreign##
Company code	1000

Field Name	Value
Run on	<today's date>
Identification	GR##

第 297 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Closing Operations in Accounts Receivable

2. Thekeydateisthelastdayofthepreviousmonth. Usethevaluationmethod

Flat-rateindividual valueadjustment. SelectUSasthevaluationarea.

Usethelastdayofthepreviousmonthasthepostingdateandthefirstdayof

thecurrentmonthasthereversaldate. ThedocumenttypeisSB.Remember

to set the indicator to generate postings.

a) Choose Maintain.

Field Name Value

Key date <last day of the

previous month>

Val. method 3 (Flat rate individual value

adjustment)

Currency type 10

Valuation Area US

Postings Select this

Posting date <last day of the

previous month>

Rev.post.date <first day of current

month>

Document type SB(in the left section of the

screen)

3. ChoosetheSelectionoptionsbuttonandenterForeign##intheCustomer

Account field.

Note: OntheSelectionoptionsscreen, makesureyouselectonly

yourcustomerForeign##incompanycode1000andselectthe

indicatorsothateachgroupcancompletetheexerciseforitsown

customer.

Continued on next page

283

Field Name	Value
Key date	<last day of the previous month>
Val. method	3 (Flat rate individual value adjustment)
Currency type	10
Valuation Area	US
Postings	Select this
Posting date	<last day of the previous month>
Rev.post.date	<first day of current month>
Document type	SB(in the left section of the screen)

第 298 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

Activatetheadditionallogbyenteringyourcustomer,Foreign##,inthe

Account Trace field.

a) Choose Selection options.

Field Name Value

Company code 1000

Customers Select indica-

torForeign##

Account Trace Foreign##(Thisactivatesthe

additional log.)

b) ChooseExecute. The“Valuation: Parameter”screenappearsagain.

c) ChooseSave. Thevaluationruninitialscreenappears.

4. Start the valuation run.

a) Choose Dispatch.

b) Choose Start immediately.

c) Choose Enter to dispatch.

d) ChooseEnteruntilyouseethestatusthatthevaluationrunisfinished.

Remain in this screen forthe next step.

5. Display the valuation list. Two items should have been selected, one of

which should have been reduced in value. Avalue adjustment is not yet

necessaryfortheotheritembecauseitisnot30daysoverdue.

Hint: DependingonthetimeofcourseAC010,youcanalsoshow

just oneitemintheamountofEUR10,000.

Ifnovaluationsaredisplayedinthescreen,youhavemadeanderror

somewhere. Call up theproposal log ( Edit →Valuation Run →

DisplayLog)fromthemenubarontheinitialscreentoseeifyou

canfindtheerror. Deletethevaluationrun(Edit→ValuationRun

→Delete)andremovetheerror. Restartthevaluationrun. Repeat

thisprocessuntilvaluationsaredisplayedintheproposal.

a) Fromthemenu,chooseEdit→ValuationRun→ValueList.

b) ChooseContinuetoconfirmthedialogboxabouttheprogram.

A list withallproposedvaluationsisdisplayed. Avaluation should

nowbedisplayedfor theEUR10,000 item.

c) Returntotheinitialscreenbychoosingthegreenarrow.

Continued on next page

284

Field Name	Value
Company code	1000
Customers	Select indica- torForeign##
Account Trace	Foreign##(Thisactivatesthe additional log.)

第 299 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Closing Operations in Accounts Receivable

6. TransferthevaluationtoFinancialAccounting(FI).

a) Select Forward.

b) Select Start immediately.

c) Choose Enter to dispatch.

ChooseEnteruntilyouseethemessage: “Transferfinished”.

d) Returntothe SAPEasyAccessmenu by typing /Ninthecommand

field.

7. Checkwhetherthepostingsweremadebylookingatthebalancesofaccount

142100(allowancefordoubtfulaccounts)incompanycode1000inbusiness

area BA##.

a) Choose Accounting→FinancialAccounting→GeneralLedger →

Account → Display Balances (New).

Field Name Value

G/L account 142100

Company code 1000

Fiscal year <current year>

b) Choosethe“FreeSelections”iconandenterBA##intheBusinessArea

field. ChoosetheSavepushbuttontoenterthevalue.

c) Choose Executeinthedialogboxtocontinue.

Theaccountshouldhaveacreditbalanceinthepreviousperiod. Inthe

current month, the posting wasreversed.

8. Ifnobalanceexistsinthisaccountforyourbusinessarea,checkyourbatch

jobstoseeifjobF107–AC010##exists. Thisjobiscreatedwhenthebatch

jobdidnotprocessautomatically. ProcessthisbatchjobbyselectingDisplay

ErrorsOnly. Correctanyerrorstofinishprocessingthejob,thenre-check

the balance of account 142100.

a) Ifnobalanceisshownintheaccount,callupyourBatchinputsessions

viathefollowingmenupath: System→Services → BatchInput →

Sessions.

b) Seeif jobF107–AC010## exists. If so, processit inDisplayerrors

only mode. As you choose Enter to view the screens with errors,

correctanyerrorsthatarepreventingthisbatchjobfromproceeding

automatically. Oncethebatchjobisprocessed,checkaccount142100

again to see if there is a balance.

Continued on next page

285

Field Name	Value
G/L account	142100
Company code	1000
Fiscal year	<current year>

第 300 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

Task 3: Optional (only works if the customer NEW##

has been created and posted): Run the balance carry

forward program

At the end of each year, the balance carry forward program is run for balance

sheet accounts. The balances from previous years show up in the first row of

the balance report.

1. CheckthebalanceforcustomerNew##forthefollowingyear. Then,runthe

balancecarryforwardprogramforthefollowingyearforNew##. Re-check

thebalanceinthecustomeraccountagainfor thefollowingyear toverify

thatthebalancefromthecurrentyearhasbeencarriedforward.

a) SelectAccounting→FinancialAccounting→AccountsReceivable

→ Account → Display Balances.

Field name Value

Customer New##

Company Code 1000

Fiscal year <next year>

ChooseExecuteinthedialogboxtocontinue.

Thefollowingmessageis displayed: “No datafound for fiscalyear

20XX”.

b) ChooseEnterthroughthemessageandreturntotheSAPEasyAccess

menu.

c) SelectAccounting→FinancialAccounting→AccountsReceivable

→ Periodic Processing → Closing → Carry Forward → Balance

Carryforward.

Field Name Value

Company code 1000

Carryforwardtofiscalyear <next year>

Select Customers Check box

Customers New##

Test mode Deselect this

d) Choose Execute. Choose Enter past the message about the current

fiscal year.

Continued on next page

286

Field name	Value
Customer	New##
Company Code	1000
Fiscal year	<next year>

Field Name	Value
Company code	1000
Carryforwardtofiscalyear	<next year>
Select Customers	Check box
Customers	New##
Test mode	Deselect this

第 301 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Closing Operations in Accounts Receivable

e) DisplaythebalanceforcustomerNew##againviathefollowingmenu

path: Accounting → Financial Accounting →Accounts Receivable

→ Account → Display Balances.

Field name Value

Customer New##

Company Code 1000

Fiscal year <next year>

f) Choose Execute. You should see the balance from the current year

carriedforwardtothefirst rowof thereport.

287

Field name	Value
Customer	New##
Company Code	1000
Fiscal year	<next year>

第 302 页 / 共 499 页

Unit4: AccountsReceivable AC010

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Post value adjustments

• Run the balance carry forward program

288

第 303 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Unit Summary

Unit Summary

You should now be able to:

• Maintaincustomer masterrecordsin accounting

• Describe the role of an account group

• Enterandchangecustomerinvoicesinaccounting

• Post a manual incoming payment

• Create dunning notices automatically

• Request customer correspondence

• Analyze customer accounts

• Usetheaccountsreceivableinformationsystem

• Createdisputecasesforaccountsreceivableaccounting

• Process and close dispute cases

• DescribethemostimportantorganizationalunitsinSalesOrderManagement

• DescribethebasicsalesprocessinSalesOrder Managementandtraceits

effects in external Accounting

• Post value adjustments

• Run the balance carry forward program

289

第 304 页 / 共 499 页

UnitSummary AC010

290

第 305 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Test Your Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

1. The definesthescreenlayoutofthecustomer

masterrecord. Theaccountgroupisassignedanumberrange.

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

2. The general data section of the customer master record must be created

separatelyforeverycompanycodethatdoesbusinesswiththatcustomer.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

3. The ties the posting of a

customer to the general ledger.

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

4. When a short payment for an incoming payment is processed using the

partialpaymentmethod,theinvoicebeingpartiallypaidisclearedanda

newopenitemintheamountofthepaymentdifferenceiscreated.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

5. Miscellaneous invoices that do not pertain to a sales order can only be

enteredinARusingtheEnjoydocumententryscreen.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

6. You can run a report with up-to-date information at any time in the A/R

information system.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

291

第 306 页 / 共 499 页

TestYourKnowledge AC010

7. Howcanyoutellwhetheracustomerhasbeendunned?

Choosethecorrectanswer(s).

□ A Youlookinthecorrespondencesectionofthecustomermaster

record.

□ B You look at the line items in the customer account using the

dunning screen layout.

□ C Both A and B

□ D None of the above

8. A sales area consists of a , a

,anda .

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

9. Whenadeliveryisinitiallycreated,accountingtransactionsareautomatically

generated.

Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.

□ True

□ False

10. When the billing document is created in Sales Order Management, an

accounting document that debits account and

poststhe isautomaticallygenerated.

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

11. A mustbeenteredinacustomer's

masterrecordsothatcustomercanbeincludedinthevaluationprogramto

estimate bad debt expense.

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

12. The value adjustment program makes the following posting,

which is cancelled at the beginning of the next month.

Debit: . Credit:

Fillintheblankstocompletethesentence.

292

第 307 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Test Your Knowledge

Answers

1. TheAccountgroupdefinesthescreenlayoutofthecustomermasterrecord.

Theaccountgroup isassigned anumber range.

Answer: Account group

2. The general data section of the customer master record must be created

separatelyforeverycompanycodethatdoesbusinesswiththatcustomer.

Answer: False

Thegeneraldatasectionexistsjustonceandcontainsdatathatpertainsto

all company codes.

3. Thereconciliationaccounttiesthepostingofacustomertothegeneralledger.

Answer: reconciliation account

4. When a short payment for an incoming payment is processed using the

partialpaymentmethod,theinvoicebeingpartiallypaidisclearedanda

newopenitemintheamountofthepaymentdifferenceiscreated.

Answer: False

This statement pertains to aresidual item.

5. Miscellaneous invoices that do not pertain to a sales order can only be

enteredinARusingtheEnjoydocumententryscreen.

Answer: False

Miscellaneous invoices can also be entered in AR using the traditional

Complexscreen. Inthiscase,postingkey01isenteredtodebitthecustomer.

6. You can run a report with up-to-date information at any time in the A/R

information system.

Answer: False

You have to create the evaluations before running the reports. The

informationintheA/Rinformationsystemisonlyascurrentasthelasttime

theevaluationswererunviareport RFDRRGEN.

293

第 308 页 / 共 499 页

TestYourKnowledge AC010

7. Howcanyoutellwhetheracustomerhasbeendunned?

Answer: C

Thesystemdocumentsdunningnoticesthathavebeensentbyrecordingthe

dateand level of the last dunning notice sent in both the correspondence

sectionofthemasterrecordandinthedocument(s)dunned.

8. Asalesareaconsistsofasalesorganization, a distributionchannel, anda

division.

Answer: salesorganization,distributionchannel,division

9. Whenadeliveryisinitiallycreated,accountingtransactionsareautomatically

generated.

Answer: False

Theaccountingtransactionisnotcreateduntilpostgoodsissueoccurs. At

thatpoint,costofgoodssoldisdebitedandinventoryiscredited.

10. When the billing document is created in Sales Order Management, an

accountingdocumentthatdebitsthecustomeraccountandpoststherevenue

is automatically generated.

Answer: the customer, revenue

11. Avalueadjustmentkeymustbeenteredinacustomer'smasterrecordsothat

customer can be included in the valuation program to estimate bad debt

expense.

Answer: value adjustment key

One can create several value adjustment keys for various groups of

customers. That way, accounts receivable that are overdue for weak

customerscanbereducedbyahigherpercentagethanforstrongcustomers.

12. The value adjustment program makes the following posting, which is

cancelledatthebeginningofthenextmonth. Debit: Reserveforbaddebt.

Credit: Value adjustment receivables .

Answer: Reserveforbaddebt,Valueadjustmentreceivables

Ifthisposting isnot made, call up thecorresponding error batch session:

F107–Name of Run.

294

第 309 页 / 共 499 页

第 310 页 / 共 499 页

第 311 页 / 共 499 页

Unit 5

Asset Accounting

Unit Overview

Thisunit introducesyoutoasset master recordsandshowsyouhowpostingto

theserecordsisconnectedtotheGeneralLedgerthroughareconciliationaccount.

ItalsopresentstheAssetExplorerreportandshowshowitsummarizesposted

and planned activities for an asset. Finally, it examines some of the closing

operationsinAssetAccounting, suchasrunningdepreciationandexecutingthe

Asset history sheet report.

Unit Objectives

After completing thisunit, you will beableto:

• Maintain an asset master record

• Describe the role of an asset class

• Describetheroleofdepreciationareasinassetaccounting

• Post various asset transactions

• Print inventory lists

• Create asset history sheets

Unit Contents

Lesson: Master Records in Asset Accounting ..............................296

Exercise 18: Asset Master Data..........................................303

Lesson: Standard Accounting Transactions in Asset Accounting........309

Exercise 19: Accounting Transactions Within a Period in Asset

Accounting...................................................................315

Lesson: Closing Procedures in Asset Accounting..........................325

Exercise 20: Closing Procedures in Asset Accounting................331

295

第 312 页 / 共 499 页

Unit5: AssetAccounting AC010

Lesson: Master Records in Asset Accounting

Lesson Overview

Wewillbeginourstudyofassetsbydiscussingtheassetmasterrecord.

Thekeycomponentsoftheassetmasterrecordwillbeexaminedandwewillsee

howwecanviewthelinktothegeneral ledgerreconciliationaccountfromthe

assetmasterrecord. Theassetclassisdealtwithnext. Here,wewilllearnhowit

issimilarto theaccountgroup inG/L, AP andAR.

Finally,wewilllookatdepreciationareasandhowdepreciationiscalculatedin

SAP ERP Financials.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Maintain an asset master record

• Describe the role of an asset class

• Describetheroleofdepreciationareasinassetaccounting

Business Example

IDESgroupstheirassetmasterrecordsusingassetclasses.

IDESacquiresanewbuildingclosetoWalldorf. Theassetmasterrecordneedsto

becreated. Thebuildinghasauseful lifeof 50years.

Assetsneedtobevaluateddifferentlydependingonthepurposeofthevaluation

(forexample,commercialortaxvaluation). IDESusestheSAPstandardsolution

tocalculatethesevaluations. ThelatterarelistedintheFinancialStatement.

AlthoughIDESusesseveraldepreciationareas,onlyonedepreciationarea(01–

bookdepreciation)ispostedtothegeneralledgerviathereconciliationaccount

whenthedepreciationprogramisrun. Theroleoftheotherdepreciationareasis

country-dependent. Someoftheotherdepreciationareasmaypostperiodically

to G/L accounts. For example, theypost toG/L accountsthatareused inatax

balancesheet. AdditionaldepreciationareasmaynotposttotheG/Latallandare

just used for additional asset reporting.

Assets

Eachassetbelongstoacompanycodeandbusinessarea. Allpostingsmadefor

the asset (acquisitions, retirements, depreciation, and so on) are posted in the

assigned company code and business area.

296

第 313 页 / 共 499 页

AC010 Lesson: Master Records in Asset Accounting

Additionally,youcanassigntheassettovariousManagementAccountingobjects

(costcenter, internalorder, activitytype, andsoon)andlogisticorganizational

units(for reporting and selectionpurposesonly).

Figure95: AssetsandOrganizationalUnitsofFinancialAccounting

Asset Class

Figure 96: Asset Class

297