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Glossary AC010

cost element

A cost element classifies the organization's valuated consumption of

productionfactorswithinacontrollingarea. Acostelementcorrespondstoa

cost-relevant item in the chart of accounts.

cost of sales

Thecostofgoodsmanufacturedfortheproductssold. Thecostofgoodssold

canbecomparedagainstthesalesrevenues. Thecostofgoodssolddoesnot

containcostsforfinishedorsemifinishedproductsstillintheinventory. The

costofgoodssoldisusuallycalculatedatthepointofgoodsissue. Incontrast

totheperiodaccountingmethod,thepostingismadetoanaccountCostof

goodssoldandnottoChangeinstock. ThiscanbedefinedinCustomizing

for goods issues.

country chart of accounts

Thechart ofaccountsprovidesanalternativeaccount number structureto

meet localized reporting requirements. It is sometimes referred to as the

Alternative Chart of Accounts.

credit control area

Organizational unit that represents an area responsible for granting and

monitoringcredit. Thisorganizationalunitiseitherasinglecompanycode

or, if credit control is performed across several company codes, multiple

company codes. Credit information can be made available per customer

within a credit control area.

cross company posting

Postingtransactioninvolvingseveralcompanycodes. Thesystemcreatesa

documentforeachcompanycodeinvolved. Crosscompanycodepostingare

usedtoprocesscentralizedpurchasingorpayments.

data monitor

Thedatamonitormanagesthetransferofindividualfinancialstatementdata

into the Consolidation system. The data monitor has the following basic

functions: to display the import procedure of companies, to display the

importstatusesofcompanies,andtoperformdataimportforonecompanyor

jointly for several companies.

data transfer

Movementofreportedfinancialdataintotheconsolidationsystem,andthe

transmissionofconsolidationdatatoothersystems. Adatatransfermethod

isspecifiedforeachcompanybeforedataisimportedintotheConsolidation

system. For example, consolidation data can be transferred to the SAP

ExecutiveInfomationSystem(EIS)ortootherconsolidationsystemsduring

step consolidation.

depreciation area

Adepreciationarearepresentsthevaluationofafixedassetforaparticular

purpose (for example, for individual financial statements, balance sheets

for tax purposes, or management accounting values). Along with real

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AC010 Glossary

depreciationareas, itispossibletodefinederiveddepreciation areas. The

valuesforthesederivedareasarecalculatedfromthoseoftwoormorereal

areas.

division

An organizational unit based on responsibility for sales or profits from

saleable materials or services.

document change rules

Documents can be changed using the original document number based

on document change rules. They determine which fieldsand under what

circumstances fields can be changed.

document flow

Representationinthesystemofthesequenceofdocumentsforaparticular

business transaction. A document flow could, for example, consist of a

quotation, asalesorder, adelivery, andaninvoice.

document principle

Principleaccordingtowhichpostingsarealwaysstoredindocumentform

(nopostingwithoutdocument). Thedocumentremainsasacompleteunit

andcanbedisplayedatanytimeuntilitisarchived.

document splitting

Anautomaticprocedurefororganizinglineitemsinthedocumentaccording

toselecteddimensions(suchasorganizingreceivablelinesbyprofitcenter).

Moreover, you can effect a zero balance setting for selected dimensions

(suchasprofitcenterorsegment). Thezerobalancesettingcausesadditional

clearinglinestobegeneratedonclearingaccountsinthedocumentafterthe

documenthasbeencreated.Forexample,thedocumentsplittingprocedureis

necessaryfordrawingupfinancialstatementsfortheselecteddimensions.

document type

Keythatdistinguishesthebusinesstransactionstobeposted. Thedocument

typedetermineswherethedocumentisstoredaswellastheaccounttypes

to be posted.

drilldown reporting

Toolforevaluatingthedataofanapplicationaccordingtoitscharacteristics

and key figures. Drilldown reporting allows you to generate simple

data-drivenlists(ad-hocreports)aswellascomplexformattedreports(using

forms). Usinghierarchies,variables,formulas,cellsandkeyfigures,youcan

generatereportsthat satisfy all user requests. Availablefunctions include

databasenavigationandinteractivelistprocessing(sorting,rankedlists,ABC

analyses,exceptions,andsoon). DrilldownreportingisalsolinkedtoSAP

Graphics, SAP Mail andtheExcel List Viewer.

dunning

The process of notifying vendors to ensure the resubmission of vendor

declarations that are about to reach their expiration dates. If a vendor

declarationexpires,itisnolongervalidproofofaproduct'sorigin.

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Glossary AC010

dunning procedure

Pre-definedprocedurespecifyinghowcustomersorvendorsaredunned. The

followingaredefinedaspartofthedunningprocedure: numberofdunning

levels,dunningfrequency,amountlimits,andtextsforthedunningnotices

EnjoySAP

With the EnjoySAP initiative, SAP has developed a holistic approach to

designinguserinterfacesthatarevisual,interactiveandpersonalized. The

threekeyfacetsthatsimplifysoftwareare: thevisualaestheticsofsoftware

that makeitsuseobviousat first glance, theunderstandingof howpeople

interactwiththesoftwareforhigh-speedusability,andthepersonalizationof

softwaredesignedforeachindividual'sneeds. Thesefeaturesandfunctions

of SAP are accessible through Web browsers or traditional client/server

connectionstoensuremaximumopennessandflexibility.

ERS (Evaluated Receipt Settlement)

Evaluated Receipt Settlement. Evaluated receipt settlement involves an

agreementbetweenthevendorandthebuyingcompanythattheformerdoes

notissueinvoicesforpurchasingtransactions. Instead,theinvoicedocument

ispostedautomaticallyinthebuyingcompany'ssystembasedondatafrom

thePOandgoodsreceipts. Usingthisprocedureprecludesinvoicevariances

(forexample,supplierschargingpricesthataretoohigh).

exchange rate tables

Exchange rate tables are user maintainable. They contain dates with

applicable translation ratesfor foreign currency transactions. The system

willdefaulttotheratesenteredinthistableifnorateisspecificallyentered

on a transaction.

exchange rate type

Keyrepresentingatypeofexchangerateinthesystem. Forexample, you

can define abuying rate, bank selling rate, or average rate as a particular

exchangeratetype. Thisisthenusedwhentranslatingorconvertingcurrency

amounts in the system.

field status

ThegoaloftheSAPsystemistoensureaccurateandefficientdataentry. The

useoffieldstatusfunctionalityallowstheappropriatecombinationoffieldsto

bepresentedatdataentrytime. Inthisway,errorsofinclusionandexclusion

areprevented. Individual fieldscanbedefined asrequired, suppressedor

optional. Thisdependsontheuser-definedconfigurationoftheSAPsystem.

financial management area

The financial management area is in the Treasury component of SAP. It

subdividesanenterpriseintounitsthatcancarryoutindependentcashbudget

managementand independentfundsmanagement.

financial statement version

HierarchicalpositioningofG/Laccounts. Thispositioningcanbebasedon

specificlegalrequirementsforcreatingfinancialstatements. Itcanhowever

be a self-defined order.

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AC010 Glossary

foreign currency valuation

Procedurefordeterminingatakeydatethevalueofthecurrentassetsand

liabilitiespostedinforeigncurrency. Valuationtakesplaceaccordingtothe

unitaccountmethodofvaluation, whichmeansthat individualopenitems

are used for the valuation. If this is not possible (because the account is

notmanagedonanopenitembasis),thebalanceoftheaccountisvaluated

instead.

functional area

OrganizationalunitinAccountingthatclassifiesthecostsofanorganization

according to functions such as: administration, sales and distribution,

marketing,production,andR&D.Classificationtakesplacetomeettheneeds

of cost of sales accounting.

G/L fast entry

In regularlineitemposting, eachlineitemrequiresanewscreen withthe

possiblefieldsavailablepresentedtotheuser. G/Lfastentryuseslineitem

templatesthathaveonlythepredefinedfieldsavailable. Thelimitedselection

usuallyhasalengthof1or2rows. Thisallowsmultiplelineitemstoappear

on the same screen. This simplifies the entry of multiple document line

items in standardized entries .

general ledger

Aledgerdesignedtopresentthevaluesusedincreatingfinancialstatements.

It records values at company code level.

general ledger account information system

The general ledger account information system, which is based on the

R/3 system's Executive Information System (EIS) functionality, is a

dialog-orientedinformation systemthat iscapableof evaluating adataset

accordingtoallcharacteristicscontainedinthedatadescription. BothG/L

accounttransactionfiguresaswellasbalancesheetandP&Lstructuresserve

asthe primary database for theG/L account informationsystem. Balance

sheet key figure reports and financial statement versions are available as

report types.

general ledger account master record

DatarecordcontaininginformationthatcontrolstheenteringofdatatoaG/L

accountandthemanagementoftheaccount. Thisincludesthecurrencyin

which an account is managed.

glossary

Terminologicaldictionarycontainingtheterminologyofaspecificsubject

fieldorofrelatedsubjectfieldsandbasedonterminologywork.

goods issue

Atermusedininventorymanagementtodescribeareductioninwarehouse

stockdueto awithdrawalofstockordeliveryofgoodstoacustomer, for

example.

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Glossary AC010

goods receipt

Termfromthefieldof inventorymanagementdenoting aphysicalinward

movementofgoodsormaterials. IntheSAPsystem, adifferenceismade

betweenthefollowingtypesofgoodsreceipt: goodsreceiptwithreference

toapurchaseorder,goodsreceiptwithreferencetoaproductionorder,and

other goods receipts (without reference).

goods receipt/invoice receipt – analysis and adjustment postings

Thisprogram,(RFWERE00),analyzesgoodsreceiptsandinvoicesreceived

clearing accounts and generates adjustment posting to classify business

transactionscorrectlyforbalancesheetpresentation.

GR/IR account

Thisgeneralledgeraccountthatincludespostingsforgoodsreceivedbutnot

yetinvoiced,andalsopostingsforgoodsinvoicedbutnotyetreceived.

group company

Agroupcompanyisthelegalunitofconsolidationtowhichcompanycodes

are assigned.

GUI

GraphicalUserInterface(GUI)referstothedisplayofsoftwareonascreen

usinggraphics, symbolsandiconsratherthantextalone. Anexampleofa

GUIistheMicrosoftwindowsformat. WithintheEnjoySAPinitiative,SAP

hasdevelopedaholisticapproachtodesigninguserinterfacesthatarevisual,

interactiveandpersonal. Thisinitiativeincludesauser-friendlyGUI.Web

browsershavenowemergedasthestandardGUI throughouttheInternet.

Browsers are a key enabler of mySAP.com, and SAP will make all SAP

businessfunctionalityavailableinbrowserapplications.

header

Rowoftextthatappearsatthetopofeachpageofareport.

house bank

Abusinesspartnerthatrepresentsabankviawhichyoucanprocessyourown

internal transactions.

IDES

InternationalDemonstrationandEducationSystem; IDEScontainsseveral

samplecompaniesthattypifyrelevantbusinessprocessesoftheSAPsystem..

It has simple user guidance and varied master and transaction data, so

extensive scenarioscan beenacted. IDES is the basis system for internal

and external training.

Implementation Guide (IMG)

ToolforconfiguringtheSAPsystemtomeetcustomerrequirements. The

ImplementationGuide(IMG)explainsall thestepsintheimplementation

process, tells you the SAP standard (factory) Customizing settings and

describesthesystemconfigurationactivities. Thehierarchicalstructureof

theIMGisbased on theapplicationcomponent hierarchyand listsall the

documentation which is relevant for implementing the SAP system. The

maincomponentoftheImplementationGuideistheIMGactivitieswhichgo

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AC010 Glossary

toCustomizing. Therelevantsystemsettingsaremadethere. Youcanalso

documentprojectsintheIMG.TheSAPReferenceIMGcontainsallIMG

activities, sorted by application component and into General settingsand

Enterprisestructure. TheEnterpriseIMGisasubsetoftheSAPReference

IMG containing only the IMG activities required for the application

componenttobeimplemented. (Note: TheEnterpriseIMGnolongerexists

afterSAPR/3Release4.6A.)TheprojectIMGisanexcerptofthecompany

IMG(uptorelease4.5B)oroftheSAPreferenceIMG(fromrelease4.6A).

ItcontainstherelevantIMGactivitiesfortheapplicationcomponents,which

aretobeimplementedinacertainCustomizingproject. Projectviewscan

be based on a Project IMG and specified attributes, for use in Release

Customizing(DeltaCustomizingorUpgradeCustomizing).

input tax

Tax that is charged by the vendor. A claim for refund of the deductible

portionofinputtaxcanbesubmittedtothetaxauthorities.

installment payment

Aninstallmentpaymentisatermofpaymentwherebyproportionalpartial

paymentsaremade. Eachpartialpaymentcanhaveitsownpaymentterms.

internal order

Instrument used to monitor costs and, in some instances, the revenues of

an organization. Internal orders can be used for the following purposes:

monitoringthecostsofshort-termjobs,monitoringthecostsandrevenues

ofaspecificservice, andongoingcost control. Internalordersaredivided

into the following categories: overhead orderscan be used for short-term

monitoring of the indirect costs arising from jobs. They can also be used

for continuousmonitoring of subareas of indirect costs. Overhead orders

cancollectplanandactual costsindependentlyofacompany'scostcenter

structuresandbusinessprocesses. Inthisway, theyenablethecontinuous

cost control inthe company. Investment orders monitor investment costs

that canbecapitalizedandsettledtofixed assets. Accrual ordersmonitor

period-basedaccrualbetweenexpensespostedinFinancialAccountingand

accrual costs in Controlling. Orders with revenues monitor thecosts and

revenuesarisingfromactivitiesforpartnersoutsidetheorganization,orfrom

activitiesnotbelongingtothecorebusinessoftheorganization.

invoice

A message to the buyer of goods or services that contains the following

information: nameofthegoodsorservices,quantitysent,andremuneration

due.

invoice receipt

TermfromInvoiceVerificationdescribingthereceipt of aninvoiceissued

byavendor(creditor). IntheSAPsystem,adifferenceismadebetweenthe

followingcases: Invoicereceiptreferencingapurchaseorder,invoicereceipt

referencingagoodsreceipt,andinvoicereceiptwithoutreference.

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Glossary AC010

invoice verification

Termfortheentryandcheckingofincoming(vendor)invoices(alsoknown

asinvoicematching,invoicevalidation,andinvoiceclearance). Ininvoice

verification,vendorinvoicesarecomparedwiththepurchaseorderandthe

goodsreceipt,andarecheckedinthreeways: content,priceandquantity.

ledger

Extractfroma database table. Theledger containsonly thosedimensions

oftheunderlyingtablethatarerequiredforreporting.Aledgerismanaged

for reporting purposes.

ledger group

A combination of ledgers for the purpose of applying the functions and

processesofgeneralledgeraccountingtothegroupasawhole.Inthisway,

you can have data posted just to a group of ledgers, for example. The

systemthenonlypostsdatatotheledgersinthatgroup. Aledgergroupis

automaticallycreatedforeachledgerandcarriesthesamenameasthatledger.

local currency

Currencyofacompanycode(countrycurrency)inwhichthelocalledgers

aremanaged. Opposite: Foreign currency.

lockbox

Aprocedureforrapiddepositofchecks(usedmainlyintheUSA)Checks

that are sent by the business partner to the bank or the lockbox provider

(servicecompanythatprocesseschecks)arecreditedtothepayee'saccount.

Theinformationenteredisforwardtothepayeeperfiletransfer.

lockbox processing

Payment transactions in the USAarelargelymade intheform of checks.

In order to process these payments quickly, banks offer lockbox services

wherecustomerscansendtheirpaymentsdirectlytoalockboxatabank. The

bankdepositsthechecksandsendscheckdepositinformationtothepayee

via file transfer.

master record

Adatarecordcontainingmaster data, that isdatathat remainsunchanged

overarelativelylongperiodof time. Avendormasterrecordcontainsthe

vendor'sname,addressandbankdetails,forexample. Ausermasterrecord

in the SAP system includes the person's system authorizations, standard

printer, start transactions, and so on.

net procedure

Procedurewherecostorinventorypostingsarereducedautomaticallybythe

expectedcashdiscountwhenaninvoiceisposted. Asaresult,itispossible

topostexactacquisitionvalueslessthecashdiscount.

note item

Special item that does not affect the account balance. When you post a

noted item, a document is generated; the item can bedisplayed via aline

itemdisplay. Certainnoteditemsareprocessedbythepaymentprogramor

dunningprogram. Example: Downpaymentrequest.

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AC010 Glossary

number ranges

Range of numbers that you can assign to business objects – or their

sub-objects – of the same type. Examples of such objects are business

partners, G/L accounts, orders, posting documents and materials. Each

number range has one or more number range intervals and a number

assignmenttype. Therearetwotypesofnumberassignment: Internal: When

storing a data record, the SAP system automatically assigns a sequential

number,whichliesintherelevantnumberrangeinterval. External: Inthis

case, the number is assigned by the user or by an external system. You

mustmakesurethatthenumberliesintherelevantnumberrangeinterval.

Example: Domestic business partners: Number range 01, number range

interval100,000–199,999,internalassignment. Foreignbusinesspartners:

Number range 02, number range interval 200,000 – 299,999, external

assignment.

one-time account

Accountonwhichthetransactionfiguresforagroupofcustomers/vendors

withwhomyouonlyconductbusinessonceorrarelyarerecorded. One-time

accounts require a special master record. Certain customer/vendor data

suchasaddressandbankdetails, isnotenteredinthemasterrecordbutin

the document itself.

open FI interface

Thestandardfinancialaccountingfunctionsarenotalwayssufficienttomeet

the specific demands of certain customers or industries. It is not always

practicaltoextendthestandardsystem. Atthesametimemodificationsto

thestandardsystemshouldbeavoidedoratleast kepttoaminimum. The

OpenFIInterfaceenablesenhancementofstandardfunctionswithouthaving

to modify the standard system.

open item management

Stipulation that the items in an account must be used to clear other line

itemsinthesameaccount. Itemsmustbalanceouttozerobeforetheycan

be cleared. The account balance is therefore always equal to the sum of

the open items.

open item valuation

Stipulation that the items in an account must be used to clear other line

itemsinthesameaccount. Itemsmustbalanceouttozerobeforetheycan

be cleared. The account balance is therefore always equal to the sum of

the open items.

operating chart of accounts

EachcompanycodeintheSAPsystemusestheG/Laccountsfromonlyone

chartofaccountsforaccountvalidationatjournalentrytime. Thisiscalled

the operating chart.

operating concern

Representsapartofanorganizationforwhichthesalesmarketisstructured

in auniform manner. By comparing costs to revenues, you can calculate

anoperatingprofitforindividualmarket segmentswhicharedefinedbya

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Glossary AC010

combinationofclassifyingcharacteristics(suchasproductgroup,customer

group, country, or distribution channel). The market segments are called

profitability segments. You can assign multiple controlling areas to one

operating concern.

organizational elements

Acompany'senterprisestructureismappedtotheSAPapplicationsusing

organizational elements.

outbound delivery

Process of picking goods, reducingthe storage quantity and shipping the

goods. The outbound delivery process begins with goods picking and

ends when the goods are delivered to the recipient. In the SAP system,

this operation is represented by the outbound delivery document. This is

generatedduringthefollowingactivities: goodsshipmentbasedonasales

order, stock transfer order, and goods.

output tax

Tax levied on customers at all levels of production and trade. Output tax

represents a tax liability.

parallel currency

TheSAPsystemalwaysstoresthetransactioncurrencyandthelocalcurrency

ofatransaction. ItispossibletoconfiguretheSAPsystemtocapturetwo

additionalorparallelcurrencies. Theusercandisplaythetransactioninany

ofthecurrenciesbeingstored. Postingstoexchangeratedifferenceaccounts

are made automatically.

parameter IDs (PIDs)

ParameterIDsareusedtodeterminethedefaultvalueforafieldintheuser

masterrecord. Theadvantageofthisprocedurefortheuseristhatheorshe

nolonerhastospecificallyenterafieldvalueonthescreen.

parked document

AnincompletedocumentmaybetemporarilystoredwithinSAPsystemand

thenpostedatalaterdate;thismaybedonebythesameoradifferentuser.

partial payment

Paymentinpartialsettlementofanoutstandinginvoiceamount.

payment program

Program for making the payments specified in payment requests. The

paymentprogramgeneratesdocuments,whichareusedbytheprogramsfor

generatingpaymentmediatocreatepaymentformsandlistsresultinpostings

tothepaymentprocessingaccountsinFinancialAccounting.

payment terms

Payment terms are defined as 4 character alphanumeric keys. The SAP

systemisdeliveredwithtypicalpaymenttermkeys;however,newpayment

terms can be defined in configuration. Each term consists of up to three

possiblecombinationsofduedateanddiscountavailability.

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AC010 Glossary

period accounting

Type of presentation that shows all the costs of a period. Whereas

cost-of-sales accounting includes only the costs incurred for the revenue

received(anincreaseinthefinishedgoodsinventorycannotbereportedas

revenue),periodaccountingincludesallthecostsoftheperiodregardlessof

whetherthecorrespondingrevenuewasearnedinthatperiod.

personnel area

Organizational unit representing an area within an enterprise delimited

according to personnel administration, time management, and payroll

accounting criteria.

picking

The processof issuing and grouping certain partial quantities (materials)

from the warehouse on thebasis of goodsrequirementsfrom the Salesor

theProductiondepartment. Pickingcantakeplaceusingtransferordersor

pickinglists. Wedistinguishbetweenpickingfromfixedstoragebinsand

random picking.

plant

Aplantcanmanufactureproducts,distributeproductsorrenderservices. A

plantisthecentralorganizationalunitinProductionPlanning.

posting key

Two-digitnumerickeythatdeterminesthewaylineitemsareposted. This

keydeterminesseveralfactors,includingaccounttype,postingtype(debitor

credit), and layout of entry screens.

posting period

Periodwithinafiscalyearforwhichtransactionfiguresareupdated. Every

transaction that is posted is assigned to a particular posting period. The

transactionfiguresarethenupdatedforthisperiod.

posting period variant

Companycodesareattachedtoapostingperiodvariant. Thisvariantcontrols

theopeningandclosingoffiscalperiodswithinSAPsystem.

primary cost

Primary elements are cost or revenue items in the chart of accounts with

correspondinggeneralledger(G/L)accountsinFinancialAccounting. When

creatingaprimarycostelementorrevenueelement,itmustbelistedfirstasa

G/Laccount intheFinancial Chart ofAccounts.

profit center

An organizational unit in Accounting that divides the company into a

management-orientedstructureforthepurposeofinternalcontrol. Operating

results for profit centers can be analyzed using either the cost-of-sales

approachortheperiodaccountingapproach. Byanalyzingthefixedcapital

aswell,youcanexpandyourprofitcentersforuseasinvestmentcenters.

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Glossary AC010

profitability segment

ObjectwithinProfitabilityAnalysistowhichcostsandrevenuesareassigned.

Aprofitabilitysegmentcorrespondstoamarketsegment. Youcancalculate

theprofitabilityofaprofitabilitysegmentbycomparingitssalesrevenues

againstitscosts. Aprofitabilitysegmentinanoperatingconcernisdefined

byacombinationof characteristicvalues. Characteristicscanbeconcepts

thatalreadyexistinthesystem(customer,product, salesorganization,and

so on), or you can define your own concepts (such as order size class).

Example: Profitabilitysegment1: ProductProd-1132/Customer100267and

Profitabilitysegment2: IndustryChemicals/CountryUSA/Productgroup

'laboratory instruments'.

purchasing organization

OrganizationalunitwithinLogistics,subdividinganenterpriseaccordingto

therequirementsofPurchasing. Apurchasingorganizationprocuresmaterials

and services, negotiates conditions of purchase with vendors, and bears

responsibilityforsuch transactions. Theformof procurement isspecified

throughtheassignmentofpurchasingorganizationstocompanycodesand

plants. There are the following forms of purchasing: enterprise-wide: A

purchasing organization procures for all the company codes of a certain

client(thatis,foralltheindividualcompaniesofacertaincorporategroup),

company-specific: one purchasing organization procures for just one

company code, plant-specific: one purchasing organization procures for

one plant, mixed forms: thesearereplicated inthesystem withtheaidof

referencepurchasingorganizations. Apurchasingorganizationmayaccess

andusethemorefavorableconditionsandcentrallyagreedcontractsofthe

referencepurchasing organization assigned toit.

real-time

In adataquery, thisisa timely processwithoutany noticeabletimedelay

between the callup and display of the data.

reconciliation account

G/Laccount,towhichtransactionsinthesubsidiaryledgers,(suchasinthe

customer,vendororassetsareas),areautomaticallyupdated. Itisgenerally

the case that several subledger accounts post to a common reconciliation

account. Thisensuresthatthedevelopmentsinthesubledgeraccountsare

accuratelyreflectedinthegeneralledger(thatis,inlinewithbalancesheet

conventions). Example: areconciliationaccountforalloverseascustomers.

Reconciliation Program Financial Accounting – Management

Accounting

TheRKAKALFIreportisusedwhenabusinesshasoneormorecompanies

tied to the same controlling area andcross-company CO allocations and

cross-businessareapostingstakeplace. Thisreportwillthencomparetotal

postingsinFIandCOpercompanyandcreateadjustingentries.

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AC010 Glossary

recurring entry

Aperiodicallyrecurringpostingmadebytherecurringentryprogramonthe

basisof recurringentryoriginaldocuments. Theprocedureiscomparable

withastandingorderbywhichbanksareauthorizedtodebitrentpayments,

payment contributions or loan repayments.

recurring journal entries

Recurring Journal Entries are business transactions that are repeated

regularly. Thereforerecurring referencedocumentscan becreatedwithin

SAPtospeedupperiodicprocessing. Thesereferencedocumentsarethen

selectedandprocessedatperiodicintervals. TheactualupdatetotheG/L

uses batch entry processing.

reference document

Document that is used as a reference to post an accounting document.

Accounting documents and sample documents can be used as reference

documents.

release notes

DisplaynotesthatdescribefunctionalchangesbetweenSAPreleases.

Report Painter

Tool for creating reports that meet specific business and reporting

requirements. The Report Painter allows the user to report on data from

various applications. It uses a graphical report structure which forms the

basis for the report definition. When defining the report, the user works

withastructurethatcorrespondstothefinalstructureofthereportwhenthe

report dataareoutput. TheSAP system providesseveralrowandcolumn

models. Thesemodelscanbeusedasbuildingblockstohelptheusercreate

reports quickly and simply.

report tree

Hierarchical structure that can contain standard SAP reports and/or

user-definedreports. IneverySAPsystem,therecanbeanynumberofreport

trees, and the nodes of each report tree can offer any number of reports

and pregenerated lists. SAP delivers a standard hierarchy of report trees

containingreportsacrossarangeofapplications. However,youcanmodify

thestructuretocreatesolutionsthatgivesusersaccesstojusttheinformation

theyrequire. Someusersmayneedtostartmanyreports,whileothersmay

only want to run one or two reports.

report variant

Set of criteria that determine the content of a report. Areport variant lets

you determine which rows, texts and columns the system displays when

you call up a report.

residual item

Itemrepresentinganydifferencethatoccurswhenanopenitemiscleared.

Theresidualitemiscarriedforwardtotheaccounttheopenitemsofwhich

gave rise to the residual item.

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Glossary AC010

sales area

A sales area is a specific combination of sales organization, distribution

channel and division.

sales organization

OrganizationalunitwithinLogisticswhichstructuresthecompanyaccording

to its sales requirements. A sales organization is responsible for selling

materials and services.

SAP

ThelargestsoftwarecompanyinEuropefromWalldorf,Germany. market

leaderinenterprise-softwareandimportantplayerinInternetapplications.

SAP Library

Enables user to select settings from help.

SAP SEM

SAP Strategic Enterprise Management is a suite of tools and processes

that managers and and executives can use to introduce enterprise-wide,

value-chain-orientated management practices. SAP SEM provides an

integrated, realtimeoverviewoftheperformanceof acompany-overand

beyonditsorgaizationalstructures. Thisenablesmanagerstogauge–and

even increase– the value of their company.

SAPNet

SAPNetistheintranetportalofSAPthatprovidesarole-basedandpersonal

interface, and uses a Web browser as GUI . SAPNet is also available for

partnersandcustomersofSAP.Thesereceivearole-basedviewofSAPNet.

EmployeescanpersonalizeSAPNet to their individual needs andcan use

SAPNetaspersonalinboxandcentralaccesspointtoEmployeeSelfService

and procurement.

SAPscript

SAP text management and form printing tool. SAPscript consistsof five

components: an editor for entering and editing text, styles and forms for

designingtheprintlayout,acomposerwhichisthecentralmoduleforoutput

formatting,aprogramminginterfaceforintegratingSAPscriptcomponentsin

yourownapplicationprogramsandprogrammingtheoutputviaforms,and

variousdatabasetablesforstoringtexts,stylesandforms.

schedule manager

Usesextensiveautomationtoenableandsimplifythedefinition,scheduling,

execution and control of periodically recurring tasks, such as period-end

closing.

secondary cost element

Costelementthatisusedtoallocatecostsforinternalactivities. Secondary

costelementsdonotcorrespondtoanyG/LaccountinFinancialAccounting.

They areonlyused in Controlling and consequently cannot bedefined in

FI as an account.

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AC010 Glossary

segment

Division of a company for which financial statements can be created for

externalreporting.Asegmentcanbeenteredinthemasterrecordofaprofit

center. The segment is then derived from the profit center with account

assignment when the posting is made.

settings

Enables user to select settings from help.

special G/L indicator

IndicatorthatidentifiesaspecialG/Ltransaction. SpecialG/Ltransactions

include deposits and bills of exchange.

special period

Special posting period that divides up the last normal posting period for

closing operations.

special purpose ledger

Applicationusedforcustomer-defined ledgers, whichcontaininformation

for reporting purposes. The customer-defined ledger can be used as the

generalledger or asasubledger andmaycontaintheaccountassignments

desired. TheaccountassigmentscanbeeitherSAPdimensionsfromvarious

applicationsorcustomer-defined dimensions. Example: SAP Dimension:

account,businessarea,andprofitcenter. Customer-defineddimension: State.

standard heirarchy

Treestructurecontainingallthecostcentersinacontrollingareafromthe

ManagementAccountingstandpoint. Youassignacostcentertoanendnode

ofthestandardhierarchyinthemasterdatamaintenanceofthecostcenter,

or intheenterpriseorganization. This ensuresthat thestandardhierarchy

containsall thecost centersinthat controlling area. Whenyou definethe

controlling area, you specify the name of the top node of the standard

hierarchy in that controlling area.

statistical key figures

Statisticalvaluesdescribing: cost centers, orders, businessprocesses, and

profit centers. There are two types of statistical key figures: fixed value

and totalvalue. Fixedvaluesarecarriedforwardfromthecurrent posting

period to all subsequent periods. Totals values are posted in the current

posting period only.

status bar

The SAP system uses one of the output fields of thestatus bar to display

messages issued by the primary window. Other fields in the status bar

provideinformationonthesystemstatus. Thestatusbarextendsalongthe

entirewidthoftheloweredgeoftheprimarywindow.

subledger accounting

Accountingatthesubsidiaryledgerlevel,suchascustomer, vendor,asset.

Subledgers give more details on the postings made to the reconciliation

accounts in the general ledger.

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Glossary AC010

substitution

Process of replacing values as they are being entered in the SAP system.

Entered values are checked against a user-defined Boolean statement

(prerequisite). If the statement is true, the system replaces the specified

values. Substitutionoccursbeforedataiswrittentothedatabase.

SWIFT code

SocietyforWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunication. Withinthe

context of international payment transactions, the SWIFT code (standard

throughout the world) enables banks to be identified without the need to

specify an address or bank number. SWIFT codes are used mainly for

automatic payment transactions.

tax code

Two-digit codethat representsthespecifications used for calculating and

displaying tax. Examplesof thespecificationsdefined under thetax code

are: taxrate,typeoftax(inputtaxoroutputtax),andcalculationmethod(

% included or % separate).

transaction currency

Currency in which a business transaction is processed and booked. The

businesstransactioncanbepostedinthetransactioncurrencyaswellasinthe

localcurrency. Thisusuallyoccurswhenthetradingpartnersusedifferent

local currencies.

transaction figures

Sumofallpostingstoanaccount,brokendownbypostingperiodanddebit

and credit.

transaction type

The transaction type classifies the business transaction (for example,

acquisition,retirement,transferetc.),anddetermineshowthetransactionis

processedinthesystem. Thetransactiontypeisthebasisfortheassignment

of the business transaction to a column in the asset history sheet. Every

transactiontypebelongstoaspecifictransactiontypegroup.

transfer order

Instruction to move materials from a source storage bin to a destination

storage bin within a warehouse complex at a specified point in time. A

transfer order consistsof itemsthat containthequantity of thematerial to

bemovedandspecifiesthesourceanddestinationstoragebins. Atransfer

order canbecreated based onacustomerdelivery, a transfer requirement

or a posting change notice. Sourceand destination storagebinscan be in

different warehouses.

validation

Processofcheckingvaluesandcombinationsofvaluesastheyareentered

into the SAP system. Entered values are checked against a user-defined

Booleanstatement(prerequisite). Ifthestatementistrue,thesystemvalidates

thedatausingasecondBooleanstatement(check). Ifthecheckstatement

istrue,thesystempoststhedata. Ifthecheckstatementisfalse,thesystem

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AC010 Glossary

issuesauser-definedmessage. Dependingonthemessagetype,theposting

may be blocked. Validation occurs before the data is posted so that only

valid data is posted.

valuation

Balance sheet term: the calculation of the value of all fixed and current

assetsandofallpayablesatacertaintimeandinlinewiththeappropriate

legal requirements.

vendor master data

Collectivetermforallvendormasterrecords. Thevendormastercontains

thedataofallvendorsthatacompanyconductsbusinesswith.

vendor master record

Datarecordcontainingalltheinformationnecessaryforanycontactwitha

certain vendor, in particular for carrying out business transactions. This

informationincludes,forexample,theaddressandbankdetails.

worklist

When displaying account balancesor line items, youcan useworkliststo

rapidlyqueryaseriesofaccountsatthesametime. Worklistscanbedefined

forthefollowingobjects: COCODE(companycode),KUNNR(Customer),

LIFNR(vendor) and SAKNR(G/L account).

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Index

A accruals, 389

account assignment key, 300 application help, 8

account group, 49, 97, 193 asset

company code segment, asset class, 298

50 asset explorer, 312

number range, 97 asset subnumber, 301

Account group business area, 296

Number range, 193 closing, 325

Account Group company code, 296

Number Range, 50 group assets, 301

account ID, 344 transaction, 310

accountingprinciple,277,385 Asset

accounting transaction valuation methods, 298

cash journal, 354 asset class, 298

accounts approach, 35 Asset class

accounts payable account assignment key,

closing, 163 300

regrouping, 167 asset closing, 325

year-end closing, 163 asset history sheet,

Accounts payable closing 327–328

legal requirements, 163 depreciation posting run,

technical and 327

organizational fiscal year change

requirements, 163 program, 326

accounts receivable Asset closing

closing, 272 legal requirements, 325

regrouping, 167 technical/organizational

accounts receivable closing work, 325

foreign currency asset explorer, 312

valuation, 273 asset history sheet, 327–328

valuation program, 275 groupings, 329

Accounts receivable closing asset posting

balance carry forward transaction type, 309

program, 272 asset subnumber, 301

balance confirmation, 273 asset transaction, 310

process, 272 assets under construction

regrouping, 273 (AUC), 311

accounts receivable settlement rule, 312

information system, 225

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Index AC010

Assets Under Construction operating chart of

(AUC) accounts, 47

Expense Management, check deposit list, 357

311 bank ledger accounting

automatic dunning, 221 session, 357

procedure, 221 Check deposit list

automatic payment program, subledger accounting

114 session, 357

editing payment proposal, clearing posting, 392

116 client level, 96

parameters, 114 Closing Cockpit, 387

payment run, 116 company code, 33

printing, 117 general ledger, 34

process, 114 Company code

proposal run, 115 Plant, 148

Company Code

B

asset, 296

balance carry forward

company code segment, 192

program, 164, 272, 386

company code-specific

process, 164

settings, 48, 96

balance confirmation, 164,

complex posting, 72

273

general posting, 72

balance display, 75

posting key, 74

bank

process, 72

bank directory, 343

controlling (CO) object, 108

house bank, 343

controlling area, 39

bank directory, 342

company code, 40

automatic, 342

correspondence request, 224

manual, 342

automatic, 224

bank ledger accounting

manual, 224

session, 357

program, 224

billing, 260

table, 225

Business area

credit, 74

asset, 296

Enjoy transaction, 74

C credit memo, 107

cash journal, 353 customer account, 191

accounting transaction, account group, 193

354 company code segment,

Enjoy transaction, 354 192

Cash journal transaction general data, 191

types, 354 sales area-specific

chart of accounts, 46 settings, 258

assignment, 47 D

country-specific, 47

debit, 74

group, 53

Enjoy transaction, 74

deferrals, 389

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AC010 Index

depositing checks invoice entry, 204

process, 356 Enjoy transactions

depreciation area, 298 line item, 205

asset master data, 299 work templates, 205

G/L account, 300 exchange rate, 166

depreciation posting run, 327 expenses

Dispute Case Processing, 244 deferrals, 389

dispute cases, 242 Expenses

Dispute Management, 241 accruals, 389

distribution chain, 256

F

division, 257

F1 help, 8

sales area, 257

F4 help, 9

distribution channel, 255–256

favorites, 4

division

financial statement version,

sales area, 257

document

financial statements

flow, 260

creating, 395

header, 70, 73, 107

Financial Supply Chain

type, 73

Management, 241

document split, 109

fiscal year change program,

document splitting, 109

326

dunning, 220

fiscal year variant, 40

automatic, 221

foreign currency valuation,

history, 220

165, 273

individual dunning notice,

exchange rate, 166

221

valuation method, 166

level, 220

valuation posting, 166

notice, 224

parameters, 222 G

procedure, 221 G/L account, 70

program, 221 balance display, 75

proposal, 223 cash journal, 353

run, 222 closing, 386

dunning notice cost element, 108

printing, 224 depreciation area, 300

E line item, 107

valuation area, 300

Enjoy transaction, 74

general ledger, 34

cash journal, 354

chart of accounts, 46

credit, 74

pettycashjournalaccount,

credit memo entry, 204

353

debit, 74

general posting, 72

foreign currency

complex posting, 72

translation, 205

process, 72

header and customer data,

glossary, 8

205

goods issue, 260

information area, 205

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Index AC010

goods receipt, 152 number range, 97, 193

GR/IR account external, 193

clearing posting, 392 internal, 193

GR/IR clearing account, 391

O

group asset

operating chart of accounts,

master data, 301

group assets, 301

optimizing cash flows, 241

group chart of accounts, 53

outbound delivery document,

H

260

help, 7

P

application help, 8

partial payment, 207

F1 help, 8

payment run, 116

F4 help, 9

payment transaction, 112

glossary, 8

automatic, 112

release notes, 8

manual, 112

SAP Library, 8

pick order, 260

settings, 8

picking, 260

house bank, 343

pick order, 260

bank ID, 344

transfer order, 260

House bank

warehouse management,

Account ID, 344

260

I

plant, 148

incoming check, 355 Plant

lockbox, 356, 358 Company code, 148

incoming payment, 206 posting key, 74

partial payment, 207 standard, 75

residual item, 207 posting transactions

information area, 70 complex, 72

inventory list, 327 general, 72

invoice receipt, 152 process, 72

Procurement transaction

L

Three-step verification,

ledger, 36

152

ledger approach, 36

profit center, 36–37

ledger group, 393

proposal run, 115

line item, 70

purchase order, 152

posting key, 74

purchasing data, 150

lockbox, 356, 358

purchasing organization, 149

logon process, 3

R

M

R/3 system

menus, 3

help, 7

role-based, 5

logon process, 3

N Menus, 3

navigation tree, 4 multiple sessions, 5

474