SAP SD 入门学习笔记：企业结构、销售订单与开票基础
SAP SD（销售与分销）模块是企业销售业务的核心支撑，涉及企业结构、主数据、销售订单、交货、开票、定价、信用管理等多个环节。本文为初学者整理 SD 模块的学习要点与核心概念，帮助建立完整的知识框架。
SAP SD IMP NOTES
ENTERPRISE STRCTURE
CLIENT (Company)-A client is a self-contained technical unit. A client can be considered to be a
synonym for group.
Company Code
• A complete Accounting unit can be representing as the smallest organizational unit of external
accounting.
• At Company Code level we create
(cid:190) Balance sheet required by law
(cid:190) Profit and Loss statement.
• Each company code represents an independent accounting unit. Several company codes can use
the same chart of account.
Assignment
(cid:190) Company code to company
(cid:190) Company code to Credit control area
(cid:190) Company code to Controlling area
(cid:190) Company code to financial management area
• (An FM Area is organizational unit which Plans, Controls and Monitors funds and commitment
budgets)
(cid:190) Controlling area to financial management area
(cid:190) Controlling area to Operating Concern.
Sales Organization
• The highest-level of organizational unit in SD is Sales Organization.
• Responsible for Distributing goods and services, Negociation sales conditions, Product liability
and other customer rights of recourse.
• Sales organization is also used to take for example a regional, national or international.
• A sales organization assigned to a company code.
Distribution Channel
• Distribution Channel represents strategies to distribute goods and services to customer.
• DC is assigned to a sales organization. The assignment is not unique.
• You can share Customer, Material and Condition master data by maintaining a
reference/common DC.
Division
• A Division is used to group material and services. A material can have only one Division.
Abhishek Parihar
SAP SD Certified Consultant
E-Mail: abhishekparihar@rediffmail.com
SAP SD IMP NOTES
• We can make Customer- specific agreements for each Division, for example regarding partial
deliveries or pricing within Division. (In CMIR)
• You can share Customer and Condition master data by maintaining a reference/common
Division.
• A Division is assigned to a sales organization. The assignment is not unique.
• You can use cross division to enter multiple materials with various divisions in a sales order.
• You can choose division specific sales, it is controlled by customizing for sales document type.
Sales area
• A Sales area is a combination of a Sales organization, DC and Division. It defines the
Distribution channel of a Sales organization uses to sell products of certain Division
• By defining and assigning Sales Organization, DC and division a Sales area not automatically
formed, you have to set up a sales area.
• A sales area can belong to only one company code. Assigning the sales organization to
company code creates this relationship.
• Each sales and distribution document is assigned to exactly one sales area. This assignment cannot
be changed.
• Various master data depending on the sales area, for example customer master data, material
master data, price and discount. This system also carries out a number of checks concerning the
validity of certain entries according to the sales Area.
• Sales area assigned to Credit Control Area.
• Sales office assigned to Sales Area
• Sales group assigned to Sales office.
• Employee of a sales office can be assigned to sales group.
Business area
• The Business Area is a separate business unit for which internal reporting can be carried
out. A company code may be divided into multiple business areas. A business area may also be
shared by several company codes.
• Business area is not limited by company codes. For this reason, the business areas in all company
codes must have the same description. Using organizational unit is optional.
• Business area can be used to prepare balance sheets and profit and loss statements not only for
company code, but also for other internal areas (E.g., division-related).
• The relevant business area is determined for each order item according to defined rule.
• Rules for Business area determination
(cid:190) Business Area assignment by Plant and Item division.
(cid:190) Business Area assignment by sales area.
(cid:190) Business Area assignment by Sales Organization and D.C, Item Division.
Plant
• The Plant is a location where material is kept. Represent a production facilities or Material
requirement planning in the System. In sales and Distribution, A Plant represents the location
Abhishek Parihar
SAP SD Certified Consultant
E-Mail: abhishekparihar@rediffmail.com
SAP SD IMP NOTES
from which Materials and Services are distributed and corresponds to a distribution center. The
relevant material stocks kept here.
• A Plant assigned to a company code.
• Inventory valuation is done either at company code level or Plant level, however the stock is
managed at Storage location level.
• A Delivering plant assigned to Combination of Sales organization and Distribution channel.
• Delivering Plant Determination in sales Document according to following step
1. CMIR
2. Customer Master-Ship to Party (Sales area- shipping tab page)
3. Material Master- Sales Org. 1 View.
(cid:153) CMIR has precedence over customer and material master.
• A plant is essential for determine the Shipping Point.
• In absence of a Delivering plant determination there can be no automatic determining of shipping
point or automatic tax determination, no availability check can be carried out and no outbound
delivery can be set up.
Shipping Point
• Shipping Point highest organizational unit in Shipping. A shipping point is under client level.
• A shipping point assigned to a Plant. A Shipping point can be assigned to multiple plants.
Various Shipping point can be assigned to same plant.
• The Shipping point can be a loading ramp, a mail depot or a rail depot. It can also be a group of
employees responsible only for organizing urgent deliveries.
• The shipping point is responsible for processing shipping. Each Outbound Delivery is processed
by exactly one shipping point.
• The shipping point is normally determined automatically (At item level) for each item in the sales
document. The automatic default value can be later changed manually in sales order if we have
planned for a different shipping point. We can change shipping point in delivery document only at
initial create screen before saving the delivery document.
• Shipping point determination based on these combinations.
(cid:190) Delivering Plant
(cid:190) Shipping condition- Sales document type OR Customer master data-Sold to Party
(Shipping Tab Page)
(cid:190) Loading group-Material master data (Sales: Gen/plant)
(cid:153) Shipping condition from sales document type has precedence over that from customer master.
Warehouse
• Warehouse having following organizational units for efficient processing of goods receipt and
goods issue.
(cid:153) Warehouse Number: The entire warehouse structure is managed under one warehouse
Number. This number represents the warehouse complex.
(cid:190) Warehouse Number assigned to a combination of Plant and storage location.
(cid:190) You can group Transfer Order based on warehouse number.
Abhishek Parihar
SAP SD Certified Consultant
E-Mail: abhishekparihar@rediffmail.com
SAP SD IMP NOTES
(cid:153) Storage Type: The different warehouse areas, which differ with respect to their organizational
and technical features, are defined as storage types (for example-high-rack warehouse with
random storage, picking warehouse with fixed bins, or shipping area).
(cid:153) Picking area: Below the storage Type level, The Picking area group together storage bins from
a picking point of view.
(cid:190) A delivery can be split up into different picking areas to make parallel picking
possible.
(cid:153) Staging area: The staging area is a part of the warehouse where goods are stored immediately
after unloading or shortly before loading.
(cid:153) Door: A Door can be used for both the inbound and outbound delivery of goods.
(Door determination takes place at the delivery header level. Staging area determination can take place at the delivery
header level and item level. Different staging area at the delivery item level lead to a transfer order split because the
staging area is a header level in the Transfer Order.)
• The connection of the organizational unit in the warehouse to MM Inventory Management results
from The Assignment of Warehouse No. To a combination of plant and storage location.
• You can Group Transfer order based on the warehouse number.
MASTER DATA
Customer master data, Customer material information record, material master data, Condition
master, Common master, Additional master data
Customer master Data
• The Customer Master data divided in following categories.
(cid:214) General Data: store centrally-Client specific, valid for all organizational Units.
(cid:214) Sales Area data
(cid:214) Company Code data
• It includes all necessary data for processing Order, Deliveries, invoices and Cust. Payment.
(cid:214) General data having on following tab
(cid:190) Address: Name, Address, and Language.
(cid:190) Control Data: Tax Information
(cid:190) Payment Transaction: Bank Details
(cid:190) Marketing: Industry, Customer Classification
(cid:190) Unloading Point: goods receiving Hours
(cid:190) Export Data: Data for export control
(cid:190) Contact Person: Address of business partner
Abhishek Parihar
SAP SD Certified Consultant
E-Mail: abhishekparihar@rediffmail.com
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