AC415_EN_Col52_FV_Inst_A4 (第4页) | ERP软件技术分享

第 129 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Settlement: Special Subjects

Onthebasisofthesettlementruleswhichyouestablishforeachorder,thesystem

automaticallydeterminestheprocessingsequenceandassignsahierarchynumber

between000and999totheorder. Theordersaresettledfromthehighesttolowest

hierarchynumber. Inotherwords,000isatthetopofthehierarchy,whichmeans

that it is the last to be settled.

Ifyouentersettlementrulesthatwillnotresultinthecompletesettlementofyour

ordersinasinglesettlementrun,thesystemwilldisplaytheappropriatemessage.

Youcanmanuallyenterhierarchynumberstospecifythesequenceinwhichthe

ordersshouldbesettled. Inthiscase,youwillhavetorepeatsettlementprocessing

until all objects can be settled to zero.

Figure 40: Settlement: Alternative Posting Period

During order settlement you can enter a posting period that differs from the

settlement period. This means that you can correct settlements from the prior

periodafterithasbeenclosedandlockedandpostthecorrectioninthecurrent

period.

Todothis,entertheperiodtobecorrectedinthe“SettlementPeriod”field. The

postingperiodistheperiodinwhichthecorrectionisposted. Thepostingperiod

mustbetheperiodimmediatelyafterthecorrectionperiod.

You must process the correction settlement prior to making settlements in the

postingperiod. Thesystemwillnotallowyoutoenterapostingperiodwhichhas

alreadybeensettled. If youdeterminethatacorrectionsettlementfortheprior

periodisrequiredafterprocessingsettlementsinthepostingperiod,youmustfirst

reverseallthesettlementsperformedinthepostingperiod.

Thesettlementperiodandpostingperiodmustbewithinthesamefiscalyear.

119

第 130 页 / 共 193 页

Unit4: Period-endClosing AC415

Settlementcorrectionsarepossibleinbothindividualandcollectiveprocessing.

120

第 131 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Settlement: Special Subjects

Facilitated Discussion

Discussion Questions

Usethefollowingquestionstoengagetheparticipantsinthediscussion. Feelfree

to use your own additional questions.

121

第 132 页 / 共 193 页

Unit4: Period-endClosing AC415

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Createsimplesettlement rulesautomatically

• Use the hierarchical settlement

• Settleordersin analternativeposting period

122

第 133 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Unit Summary

Unit Summary

You should now be able to:

• Describetransactionsintheperiod-endclosingthatcanleadtodebitpostings

on the orders

• Define and use the overhead costing sheet

• Post overheads on internal orders and understand the results in the

information system

• Credit orders through periodic reposting

• Distinguishbetweenandusethevarioussettlementoptions

• Enter settlement rules

• Defineandusetheallocation,sourceandPAtransferstructures

• Understandtheresultsofthesettlementusingspecialreports

• Createsimplesettlement rulesautomatically

• Use the hierarchical settlement

• Settleorders inanalternativepostingperiod

123

第 134 页 / 共 193 页

UnitSummary AC415

124

第 135 页 / 共 193 页

Unit 5

Planning and Budgeting

117

You will find further information in the Instructor Guide in SAPNet on pages

39 to 47.

Unit Overview

We describe the various planning methods for overhead cost orders and carry

out overall planning for overhead cost orders. We list the automatic planning

functionsavailableforplanninginternalordersanddistinguishbetweenorders

with and without planning integration.

The participants learn to budget an overhead cost order and to set up and test

an availability check.

Unit Objectives

After completing thisunit, you will beableto:

• Describe different planning methods

• Explain the plan profile

• Performoverallanddetailedplanningontheinternalorder

• List the options for automatic planning

• Distinguishbetweenorderswithandorderswithoutintegratedplanning

• Set up the profiles for the budgeting

• Enter budgets on overhead cost orders

• Set up the availability control

• Understandtheresultsofthebudgetingandavailabilitycontrol

• Transfer the budgetsinto the following year

Unit Contents

Lesson: Planning Scope and Prerequisites.................................127

Exercise 8: Planning.......................................................135

125

第 136 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept.......................142

Exercise 9: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept ..............149

Exercise 10: Optional Exercises..........................................155

126

第 137 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Planning Scope and Prerequisites

Lesson: Planning Scope and Prerequisites

Lesson Duration: 40 Minutes

118

Lesson Overview

Youlearnaboutdifferentplanningmethodsforoverheadcostordersandperform

overall and detailed planning for an order. The automatic planning functions

are listed and the differencesbetween plan-integrated and non-plan-integrated

orders are illustrated.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, youwillbeable to:

• Describe different planning methods

• Explain the plan profile

• Performoverallanddetailedplanningontheinternalorder

• List the options for automatic planning

• Distinguishbetweenorderswithandorderswithoutintegratedplanning

The instructor should explain the different planning methodsand illustrate the

differences from cost center accounting

Business Example

The IDES Group management is concerned with controlling expenditure.

However,theyhavenotyetdeterminedhowtheywanttoaddressthisrequirement

in the SAP System. Your task is to explain the difference between planning

andbudgetingforoverheadcostorders. Youhavespokentoseveralcostcenter

managersandhavefoundthattherearemanydifferentwaysinwhichtheywould

like to use the overhead order functions.

Somemanagerswanttoplantheirordersingreatdetail,whileotherswanttoplan

moregenerally. Theyalsowanttoknowhowtohandleorderswhicharecreated

duringthefiscalyearand,therefore,notincludedintheinitialplanningprocess.

Manyareconcernedthatusingthisapplicationwillincreasetheamountofmanual

planning that is required of them.

Youneedtopreparearesponsetothesemanagers,describinghowtheSAPsystem

supports order planning.

127

第 138 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Figure 41: Planning versus Budgeting

Duringorderplanning, youentercosts, activitiesandbusinessprocesseswhich

youexpecttoincurduringthelifecycleofanorder. Withorderplanning,youcan

compareplanandactualcosts,andcarryoutdifferentiatedvarianceanalysis.

Youadministratetheapprovedcostframeworkforanorderoranordergroupusing

BudgetManagement. Thebudgetistheapprovedcoststructureforanorderand

differsfromthecostplaninthatitisbinding. Thebudgetisthedevicebywhich

managementapprovestheexpectedcostsforanorderoveragiventimeframe.

You can enter theorder budgetmanuallyorcopybudgetinformationfromany

plan version.

Figure 42: Planning Scope and Methods

128

第 139 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Planning Scope and Prerequisites

Costplanningisgenerallyperformedonorderswithlongdurations. Orderswhich

only exist for a veryshort period, such as orders for unexpected small repairs,

are usually not planned.

Internalorderplanningprovidesthreedifferentlevelsofcostplanning:

• Overall planning is the simplest way of planning costs for orders. You

canestimateoverallandannualvaluesforanorderindependentfromcost

elements.

• Whenmoredetailedinformationisavailableforaninternalorder,youcan

useprimaryandsecondarycostandrevenueplanning. Thistypecoversthe

planningofprimarycosts,activityinputsandrevenuesinmanualplanning.

Inautomaticplanning,youcanchargetheorderwithoverheads,distribution

costs,periodicrepostingcosts,assessmentcosts,indirectactivityallocation

costs, process costs, and settlement costs. If the order is integrated into

planning, you can carry out a plan credit using periodic repostings or

settlement.

• If you have access to more detailed information on sources of supply,

quantities,andprices,youcanperformunitcosting. Withunitcostingyou

can planonelevelbelowthecost element level.

Youcanplanstatisticalkeyfiguresasabasisforallocationsandasameansto

calculatethemanagementkeyfiguresfor yourorders.

Figure 43: Planning Profile for Overall Planning

Foroverallplanning,youneedtocreateaplanningprofile(notaplannerprofile)

and assign it to the order type. Of courseyou can use delivered standard SAP

profiles as well.

Within the profile you can specify the time horizon and whether you want to

plan on a yearly or overall basis.

129

第 140 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Pleasenotethatonlythosecostcenters,costelements,activitytypesandstatistical

keyfiguresthatareorganizedintogroupsandstoredintheplanningprofilecan

be taken into account during planning.

Forunitcosting, youneedtodefineandassignacostingvariant(CO-PC).The

costingvariantwillbetheinterfacetothebillofmaterials,materialmasterdataand

routing(theso-calledquantitystructure)whichyouneedforplanningonthislevel.

Figure 44: Overall Planning

Overallplanningisthemostbasicformoforderplanning. Here,youcreateaplan

byestimatingthelikelycostswhichwillbeincurredforanorder. Inadditionto

thedetailed,costelement-basedplanningvaluesusedincostcenteraccounting,

youcanalsosavegeneraloverallplanningvaluesforeachfiscalyearseparately

from cost elements. Youmaintain thesevaluesparallel tothevaluesfromcost

element planning and unit costing.

Youcanplaneitheroverall valuesorvaluesforindividualyears. Forplanning,

youneedtodefineaplanningprofilefirstandstoreitintheordertype.

You cancall up theprimarycostplanning, unit costing, revenueplanning, and

activityinput planning functionsstraight from the overall planningscreen. As

wellastheOverallValuescolumn,thesystemalsodisplaystheplannedtotal,the

unit costing values, and the cost element plan. The total planned value is the

sumofallthecostplanningformsused(overall,costandrevenueelement,unit

costing, and activity input planning).

130

第 141 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Planning Scope and Prerequisites

Figure 45: Versions: Settings forIntegrated Planning

Youcanplanyourinternalordersinmultipleversions.

Whenyoucreateacontrollingarea,theSAPsystemautomaticallycreatesversion

000,whichisvalidforfivefiscalyears. Youcanalsoplanalternativeversions.

Note that the SAP system always uses version 000 when referencing actual

postings.

Alternativeversionsallowonlyplandatastorageforinternalorders,orthestorage

of parallel valuationsif you use Transfer Prices.

Therearetwoindicatorsusedforintegratedplanningintheversion:

• Integrated planning

– This indicator governs whether planning data is passed on to Profit

CenterAccountingandtheSpecialPurposeLedger. Italsoensuresthat

eachplanningchangeisdocumentedwithaplanlineitem.

• Integratedplanningwithcostcenters/businessprocesses

– To ensure that internal order planning is included in Cost Center

Accounting and Activity-Based Accounting, this indicator must be

active in the plan version.

Touseintegratedplanningforindividualorders,youalsoneedtosettherelevant

indicator in theorder master. You can createa default setting for this in the

order type.

131

第 142 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Figure 46: Effectsof Plan-Integrated Orderson planning

Withinintegratedplanningforinternalorders,youcanintegratecostelement

andactivityinputplanningforaninternalorderintocostcenterorbusinessprocess

planning. All the planned business allocations on the internal order are then

automaticallyupdatedonthesender/receivercostcenteroronthesender/receiver

business process.

Youcanonlyuseintegratedplanningforinternalorderswhentheinternalorder

alreadyexistsatthetimeofcostcenterplanning. Inthecaseoflongtermorders,

you can use integrated planning.

• If you are planning activity inputs for an integrated planning order, the

plannedactivityisupdatedtothecostcenterprovidingtheactivity.

• During planned settlement of the order, the order costs are debited from

the receiver.

• Overheadcalculationsonplan-integratedordersdebittheinternalorderand

credit a cost center.

• Ifyouareusingassessmentanddistribution,theplannedcostsofasender

costcenterareallocatedbasedonpre-definedassessmentanddistribution

keys.

• Periodicrepostingsofplan-integratedorderstocostcentersaresupported.

132

第 143 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Planning Scope and Prerequisites

Figure 47: Copy Actual to Plan or Plan to Plan

Youcancopybothactualvaluesandplannedvaluesfrominternalordersintoa

plan version.

The actual business transactions are assigned to the corresponding, manually

planned business transactions.

133

第 144 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

134

第 145 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Planning Scope and Prerequisites

Exercise 8: Planning

125

Exercise Duration: 15 Minutes

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Planordersusingtheoverallplanningfunctionandusetheoptionsavailable

fordetailedplanningwithcostelementsorunitcosting.

Business Example

Basedonyourdiscussionswiththecostcentermanagers,youknowthattheIDES

Group usestheoverallplanningfunctionsto producepreliminary plansfor the

future. Foreachfiscalyear,unitcostingisusedtoproducemoredetailedplanning

atcostelementoractivitylevel,inparticularforshort-termorders.

Totestthisfunction,youwillbeusingcostelementplanningtocreateacurrent

fiscal year plan for your PC repair/maintenance order. Since this isa standing

order, youcreateanoverallplanforthefollowingtwofiscalyears. Youusethe

unitcostingfunctiontocreateaplanfor yourmarketingbrochureorder forthe

currentfiscalyear. Sincethisisashort-termindividualorder,nootherplanningis

required.

Task 1:

CreateaplanforyourPCrepair/maintenanceorder usingtheoverallplanning

andcostelementplanningfunctions. Usetheoverallplanningtoplanthenext

two fiscal years.

Use overallplanning tocreate adetailedplanfor thecurrent fiscal year at cost

element level.

1. Usingtheoverallplanningfunction,planEUR50,000forallfiscalyears,

EUR 16,000 for thenext fiscal year, and EUR 17,500 for thefollowing

fiscal year. Check and save your order plan.

Caution: Notethatwhenyouaccessunitcostingorcost element

planningviatheoverallplanningfunctionandselect“Save”onthe

unitcostingorcostelementplanningscreens,thedataisonlysaved

temporarily. YoumustselectSaveattheoverallplanninglevelin

ordertosavetheplansforyourorderproperly.

Continued on next page

135

第 146 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

2. For the current fiscal year and plan version 0, use the overall planning

screen to plan EUR 10,000 for direct labor costs (cost element 420000),

EUR 3,600 for spare parts (cost element 404000), EUR 400 for office

supplies (cost element 476000), and EUR 1,000 for IT materials (cost

element 476100).

Save your cost element planning information.

Task 2:

Usetheunitcostingfunctiontoproduceaplanforyourmarketingbrochures

for the current fiscal year.

Usetheoverallplanningscreentobranchtounitcosting.

1. Useunitcostingtoplantheanticipatedcostsforthepublicationofyourcell

phone marketing brochures.

UsetheVariableitem categoryfor yourentries.

Youneedtoorder60hoursofprinting,atacostofEUR50perhour.

Plan 2 daysof photographic services at EUR 1,000 per day. Plan both

itemsusingthecostelement417000(PurchasedServices).

Defineasubtotalrow(categoryS)forTotalPurchasedServices.

You alsoneed packagingmaterialsfor your brochures. Plan5000 pieces

of packaging at EUR 1 each. These costs should be planned using the

packaging materials cost element405000.

Createatotalsrow(categoryS)fortheTotalUnitCostingPlan.

Save the order plan.

2. Call up the Orders: Actual/Plan/Variance report for your marketing

brochures for the whole fiscal year.

136

第 147 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Planning Scope and Prerequisites

Solution 8: Planning

Task 1:

CreateaplanforyourPCrepair/maintenanceorder usingtheoverallplanning

andcostelementplanningfunctions. Usetheoverallplanningtoplanthenext

two fiscal years.

Use overallplanning tocreate adetailedplanfor thecurrent fiscal year at cost

element level.

1. Usingtheoverallplanningfunction,planEUR50,000forallfiscalyears,

EUR 16,000 for thenext fiscal year, and EUR 17,500 for thefollowing

fiscal year. Check and save your order plan.

Caution: Notethatwhenyouaccessunitcostingorcost element

planningviatheoverallplanningfunctionandselect“Save”onthe

unitcostingorcostelementplanningscreens,thedataisonlysaved

temporarily. YoumustselectSaveattheoverallplanninglevelin

ordertosavetheplansforyourorderproperly.

a) SAP EasyAccess→Internal Orders→ Planning →Overall Values

→ Change Enter your PC repair/maintenance order number in the

Order field.

Press Enter.

Enter 50000 in the Overall field.

Enter16000inthefieldforthenextfiscalyear.

Enter17500inthefieldforthenextfiscalyear+1.

ChooseENTERtoviewtheupdatedPlannedtotalcolumn.

Choose Check.

If no errors are found, save your plan.

2. For the current fiscal year and plan version 0, use the overall planning

screen to plan EUR 10,000 for direct labor costs (cost element420000),

EUR 3,600 for spare parts (cost element 404000), EUR 400 for office

supplies (cost element 476000), and EUR 1,000 for IT materials (cost

element 476100).

Continued on next page

137

第 148 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Save your cost element planning information.

a) SAP EasyAccess→Internal Orders→Planning →Overall Values

→ Change

PlaceyourcursorinthePlanfieldforthecurrentfiscalyear.

ChooseExtras→DetailedPlanning→PrimaryCosts

In the Total plan costs column, enter:

-10000forcostelement420000,Directlaborcosts.

Usethe“Position…”pushbuttontonavigatemorequickly.

- 3600for costelement 404000, Spareparts.

- 400forcostelement476000, Officesupplies.

- 1000forcost element476100, IT materials.

ChooseSavetotemporarilysaveyourcostelementplan.

Save your overall plan

Task 2:

Usetheunitcostingfunctiontoproduceaplanforyourmarketingbrochures

for the current fiscal year.

Usetheoverallplanningscreentobranchtounitcosting.

1. Useunitcostingtoplantheanticipatedcostsforthepublicationofyourcell

phone marketing brochures.

UsetheVariableitem categoryfor yourentries.

Youneedtoorder60hoursofprinting,atacostofEUR50perhour.

Plan 2 daysof photographic services at EUR 1,000 per day. Plan both

itemsusingthecostelement417000(PurchasedServices).

Defineasubtotalrow(categoryS)forTotalPurchasedServices.

You alsoneed packagingmaterialsfor your brochures. Plan5000 pieces

of packaging at EUR 1 each. These costs should be planned using the

packaging materials cost element405000.

Createatotalsrow(categoryS)fortheTotalUnitCostingPlan.

Save the order plan.

a) EnterthenumberofyourmarketingbrochureorderintheOrderfield.

Press Enter.

Makesurethecursorisinthefieldforthecurrentfiscalyear.

Continued on next page

138

第 149 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Planning Scope and Prerequisites

Choose Extras → Unit Costing.

Confirmthepop-upcontainingthecostingvariantPC02.

For item 1, enter:

- V in the Category column.

- 60 in the Quantity column.

- H in the Unit of measure field.

-PrintingServicesintheDescriptioncolumn.

- 50 in the Price - total field.

- 417000 in the Cost element field.

For item 2, enter:

- V in the Category column.

- 2 in the Quantity column.

- D(days) in the Unit of measurefield.

-PhotographicServicesintheDescriptioncolumn.

- 1000 in the Price - total field.

- 417000 in the Cost element field.

For item 3, enter:

- S in the Category column.

- Place the cursor in the Formula field. Either double-click on the

lineorselectInsert TotalsItem. Theformula=(1:3)shouldappear

in the Formula column.

-TotalPurchasedServicesintheDescriptionfield.

For item 4, enter:

- V in the Category column.

- 5000 in the Quantity column.

-PC(pieces)inthe Unitof measurecolumn.

- Packaging in the Description field.

- 1 in the Price - total field.

- 405000 in the Cost element column.

For item 5, enter:

- S in the Category column.

Continued on next page

139

第 150 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

- Place cursor in the Formulafield. SelectInsert TotalsItem. The

formula=(1:5)shouldappearintheFormulacolumn.

-TotalUnitCostingPlanintheDescriptionfield.

-ChooseENTERtoviewtheresultsintheValue–Totalcolumn.

SelectSavetotemporarilysaveyourunitcostingplan.

ChooseSave tosavethechangestotheorderplan.

2. Call up the Orders: Actual/Plan/Variance report for your marketing

brochures for the whole fiscal year.

a) SAPEasyAccessmenu→InternalOrders→InformationSystem→

ReportsforInternalOrders→Plan/ActualComparisons→Orders:

Actual/Plan/Variance

Enter1000in theControllingareafield.

EnterthecurrentfiscalyearintheFiscalyearfield.

Enter 1 in the From period field.

Enter 12 in the To period field.

Enter 0 in the Plan version field.

Enterthenumberofyourmarketingbrochureorderinthe“Orvalue(s)”

field.

Choose Execute.

140

第 151 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Planning Scope and Prerequisites

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Describe different planning methods

• Explain the plan profile

• Performoverallanddetailedplanningontheinternalorder

• List the options for automatic planning

• Distinguishbetweenorderswithandorderswithoutintegratedplanning

141

第 152 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Lesson Duration: 40 Minutes

132

Lesson Overview

You learntocreateabudget for an internal order and familiarizeyourself with

thebudgetprofile. Yousetupanavailabilitycontrolandobservetheeffectson

the orders. You see how to transfer a budget and how the budgeting works in

different currencies.

Lesson Objectives

After completingthislesson, you will beable to:

• Set up the profiles for the budgeting

• Enter budgets on overhead cost orders

• Set up the availability control

• Understandtheresultsofthebudgetingandavailabilitycontrol

• Transfer thebudgetsintothe following year

Theinstructorshouldshowhowtoassignbudgetsandthattheavailabilitycontrol

can be used toconsolidateand test thesebudgets.

Business Example

You should also review the system options for the budgeting and availability

controlandmakearecommendationforitsusewithinIDES.

142

第 153 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Figure 48: Budget Management

Thesystemrecognizesthefollowingbudgettypes:

• Theoriginalbudgetisthebudgetthatwasoriginallyallocated.

• Budget updatesforordersincludesupplementsand returnsandareused

whenunforeseeneventsandadditionalrequirementsforceacorrectiontothe

original budget

• Thecurrentbudgetincludestheoriginalbudgetandallbudgetupdates.

In addition to the budget update functions, you can also make changes to the

originalbudget. Youcanfreezetheoriginalbudgetusingstatusmanagement. To

do this, you must create a user status which prohibits the Budgeting business

transactionbutwhichallowsbudgetsupplementsandreturns.

Whenyoucreateorupdateyourbudget,thesystemdocumentsthetransactionina

lineitem. Youcanthendisplaythebudgetlineitems. Youcanalsoentertextfor

budgetlineitemsthatprovidesadditionalinformationforbudgeting.

In order tocreatea budget for an order, you must definea budget profile and

assignittotheordertype. Thebudgetprofiledefinestheparametersforbudgeting.

InCustomizing,youmustdefineanumberrangeforyourbudgetdocuments. To

do so, use number range 04.

Whenyousavethebudget,thesystemchecksthatthesumoftheannualvalues

matches the overall value for the order.

143

第 154 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Figure 49: Profile for Budgeting

Inordertocreateabudgetforanorder,youmustdefineabudgetprofileandassign

ittotheordertype. Thebudgetprofiledefinestheparametersforbudgeting. In

Customizing, youmust defineanumber range for your budget documents. To

do so, use number range 04.

Intheprofile,youcanspecifywhethertheavailabilitycontrolcannotbeactivated,

is activated manually via a function in the component menu, or is activated

automatically during budgeting. You cancheck funds availability usingeither

the annual or overall budgeted value.

Figure 50: Availability Control

144

第 155 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Certainbusinesstransactionsresultinactualcostsandcommitmentsbeingposted

totheorder. Commitmentsrepresentobligationswhichwillleadtoactualcosts

throughsubsequentbusinessevents. Apurchaseorder,forexample,mayresult

in a commitment in Management Accounting which is then reduced by the

subsequent goods and invoice receipts.

Actual costs and commitments are funds allotted to an order and they can be

checkedagainstthebudgetusingtheavailabilitycontrol.

InCustomizing,youdefinehowavailabilitycontrolwill operateforyourorder

types:

• Is availability control active?

• Forwhichtransactionswillavailabilitycontrolapply?

• What are the tolerance limits?

• Whatactionwillbeinitiatedwhentolerancelimitsareexceeded?

• Shouldcertaintypesofcostsbeexemptedfromavailabilitycontrol?

Figure 51: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Youusethetolerancestodefinehowthesystemshouldrespondtoagivendegree

ofbudgetoverrun. Inourexample,ifthebudgetisexceededby5%(105%),the

system generatesa warning and a message is sent automatically to the person

responsible for thebudget. If thebudget is exceededby 15% (115%), an error

messageisdisplayed. Thedocumentthatcausedthebudgettobeexceededcan

nolongerbeposted. Thetolerancelevelsfor budgetsaredefinedinthebudget

profileaccordingtobusinesstransactiongroups. Differenttolerancelevelscanbe

set for different business transaction types.

145

第 156 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Ifyouselecttheaction WarningandMail, youmust specifyabudget manager

inCustomizing. Ifnobudgetmanagerisentered,thesystemgeneratesanerror

message. Abudgetmanagermaybeestablishedfor eachordertypeandobject

class. Ifmorethanonebudgetmanagerisdefinedforanordertypeandclass,a

mail will besenttoeach individual. Forexample, intheaboveillustration, the

userPeterMillerwill receiveamail for anydeviationsthatoccur inordertype

0100, object class OCOST.

Figure 52: Budget Carryforward

Youcantransferunusedfundstothenextfiscalyearusingthebudgetcarryforward

function. TheSAPsystemwillcarryforwardthedifferencebetweenthebudget

and the actual amounts for theyear specified.

YoucannotcarryforwardbudgetsfororderswhichhavesystemstatusComplete

or which are flagged for deletion, nor can you carry forward negative budget

amounts.

You can execute the carry forward run more than once for a fiscal year. Each

executionoftheprogramcarriesforwardbudgetnotpreviouslyprocessed. You

canalsoreturnfundstothe“old”fiscalyear,uptotheamountofbudgetactually

carried forward.

Toexecutethecarryforwardprogram,enterthefiscalyearofthebudgetyouwant

to carryforwardand aselectionvariant whichspecifieswhichordersare to be

included. YoumustmaintaintheselectionvariantinCustomizing.

Commitments are not considered in the calculation of the unused funds. You

should, therefore, carryforwardyourcommitmentsbeforecarryingforwardthe

budget.

146

第 157 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Figure53: BudgetingandAvailabilityControlinDifferentCurrencies

Multinationalbusinesslocationsmayrequireyoutoperformbudgetingindifferent

currencies. FromRelease4.0,youcanchoosedifferentcurrenciestoenteryour

budget. Allbudgetitemsareconvertedandsavedautomaticallyinthecontrolling

area currency and the object currency.

If you choose budgeting in the controlling area currency, all budget items are

entered in the controlling area currency.

Ifyouchoosebudgetingintheobjectcurrency, youcanenterthebudgetinthis

currency for each object. The object currency is stored in the master record

of the object.

Whenbudgetinginafreely-definablecurrency,youcanchooseforeachbudgeting

transaction, inwhich currency it should beentered.

Youshouldspecifyinthebudgetprofileoftheordertypeortheprojectprofile,in

whichcurrencythebudgetitemsfortheorderortheprojectcanbeentered.

InR/3Enterpriseupwards,theavailabilitycontrolfunctionisnolongerexecuted

in the controlling area currency but in the object currency. This eliminates

exchange rate fluctuations.

147

第 158 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

148

第 159 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Exercise 9: Budgeting and Availability

139

Control Concept

Exercise Duration: 15 Minutes

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Budget an overhead order

• Establish availability control

• Test the availability control function

Business Example

Youmustcreateabudgetforyourmarketingbrochureorder. Theamountshould

bemonitoredusingtheavailabilitycontrolfunctions,thatis,everydebitmadeon

the order should first betestedagainst the budget.

Mostoftheavailabilitycontrolconfigurationhasalreadybeencompletedforyour

orderthroughthebudgetprofileassignedtoyourordertype. However,because

youareresponsibleforthebudget,youneedtoenterthisinthesystemsothatthe

system can inform you of any irregularities.

Onceyouhavefinishedmakingthenecessaryavailability control settings, test

them by posting items to the general ledger account that exceed the tolerance

limits.

Task 1:

Fulfil the following task:

1. InyourexistingMA##ordertype, createaneworderfor collecting the

costsofthecellphonemarketingcampaign. Theshorttextforthisorderis

“Cell Phone## Marketing Campaign”.

Assigntheordertocompanycode1000, businessarea9900, and profit

center 1402.

Release the order.

Task 2:

Fulfil the following task:

1. AllocatethemarketingcampaignabudgetofEUR10,000forthecurrent

fiscal year.

Save your budget

Continued on next page

149

第 160 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Task 3:

InCustomizing, review the availabilitycontrol fortheorder type(MA##) of

yourmarketingcampaignorderandcompletetheconfiguration.

1. Whatbudget profileisassignedtoyourordertype?

___________________________________________

2. Whattolerancelimitshavebeensetforthisbudgetprofileincontrolling

area 1000?

___________________________________________________

3. EnteryourselfasthebudgetmanagerforordertypeMA##incontrolling

area 1000 and object class OCOST.

Use your user ID (AC415-##)

Task 4:

Post the costs for your marketing campaign to check the availability control

functions.

1. TestthetolerancelimitsbydebitingyourorderwithG/Laccountpostings

sothatallthewarningscenariosthathavebeensetupinthesystemarecalled

uponeaftertheother. (Warning,warningbymail,mail,anderrormessage)

TherelevantmailislocatedintheSAPEasyAccessmenuunderOffice→

Workplace.

150

第 161 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Solution 9: Budgeting and Availability

Control Concept

Task 1:

Fulfil the following task:

1. InyourexistingMA##ordertype, createaneworderfor collecting the

costsofthecellphonemarketingcampaign. Theshorttextforthisorderis

“Cell Phone## Marketing Campaign”.

Assigntheordertocompanycode1000, businessarea9900, and profit

center 1402.

Release the order.

a) SAPEasyAccess→MasterData→OrderManager→MasterData

→ Create

EnterMA## in theOrder type field.

Choose Master data.

Enter“CellPhoneMarketingGroupCampaign##”intheShorttext

field.

Enter1000 in the Company code field.

Enter9900 in the Business area field.

Enter1402 in the Profit center field.

Release the order.

Save your order.

Make a note of the order number!

Task 2:

Fulfil the following task:

1. AllocatethemarketingcampaignabudgetofEUR10,000forthecurrent

fiscal year.

Continued on next page

151

第 162 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Save your budget

a) SAPEasyAccess→InternalOrders→Budgeting→OriginalBudget

→ Change

EntertheordernumberforyourmarketingcampaignintheOrder

field.

Press Enter.

Enter10000intheOriginalBudgetcolumnforyourorderforOverall

and the Current Fiscal Year.

Select Save.

Task 3:

InCustomizing, review the availabilitycontrol fortheorder type(MA##) of

yourmarketingcampaignorderandcompletetheconfiguration.

1. Whatbudget profileisassignedtoyourordertype?

___________________________________________

a) IMG→Controlling→InternalOrders→BudgetingandAvailability

Control → Maintain Budget Profile

ChooseMaintainbudgetprofilesinordertypes.

Scroll down to your order typeMA##.

The budget profile assigned to your order type MA## should be

000001.

Once you have checked the entries, go back to the SAP Reference

IMG screen.

2. Whattolerancelimitshavebeensetforthisbudgetprofileincontrolling

area 1000?

___________________________________________________

Continued on next page

152

第 163 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

___________________________________________________

a) IMG→Controlling→InternalOrders→BudgetingandAvailability

Control→DefineToleranceLimitsforAvailabilityControl

Forcontrollingarea1000,budgetprofile000001,awarningmessage

willbedisplayedif thebusinesstransactionsperformedforanorder

useupmorethan95%ofthebudget. Awarningmessagewillbesent

bymailtothebudgetmanagerifthebusinesstransactionsperformed

foranorderexceed105%ofthebudget. Ifthebudgetisexceededby

115%,thebusinesstransactionwillbelockedandanerrormessagewill

bedisplayedexplainingwhythetransactioncannotbeexecuted.

Afteryourreview,returntotheSAPReferenceIMGscreen.

3. EnteryourselfasthebudgetmanagerforordertypeMA##incontrolling

area 1000 and object class OCOST.

Use your user ID (AC415-##)

a) IMG→Controlling→InternalOrders→BudgetingandAvailability

Control → Maintain Budget Manager

Choose Edit → New Entries.

Enter1000intheCOAr(controllingarea)field.

EnterMA## in theOrder type field.

Enter OCOST in the ObjCl field.

Enteryour userIDin theUsernamefield.

Select Save.

Task 4:

Post the costs for your marketing campaign to check the availability control

functions.

1. TestthetolerancelimitsbydebitingyourorderwithG/Laccountpostings

sothatallthewarningscenariosthathavebeensetupinthesystemarecalled

uponeaftertheother. (Warning,warningbymail,mail,anderrormessage)

Continued on next page

153

第 164 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

TherelevantmailislocatedintheSAPEasyAccessmenuunderOffice→

Workplace.

a) SAP Easy Accessmenu →Accounting →Financial Accounting→

GeneralLedger→Posting→EnterG/LAccountDocument

EnterthecurrentdateintheDocumentdatefield.

Enter420000 in the Account field.

Choose Debit in the D/C field.

EnterEUR9501intheAmountdoc. curr. field.

EnterthenumberofyourmarketingcampaignorderintheOrder

field.

Enter113100 in the Account field.

Choose Credit in the D/C field.

Enter* inthe Amount doc. curr. field.

Press Enter.

Select Save.

Hint: Notethebudgetwarningmessage.

PressEntertoconfirmthewarningmessage. Notethatthetransaction

isonlypostedonceyouhaveconfirmedtheerrormessage.

StayintheEnterG/LAccountDocumentscreenforthenextexercise.

Repeatthe procedure again, but this timepostan additional EUR

1,000 toyour orderusingany cost element.

Hint: Notethenewbudgetwarningmessage.

PressEntertoclearthebudgetwarningmessage.

SAPEasyAccessmenu→Office→Workplace→Inbox

Double-clickontheunreadmessagesinyourinbox.

Double-clickonthee-mailmessageaboutyourorder.

Now try posting another EUR 1,000 to your order using any cost

element.

Ifyouravailabilitycontrolsettingsarecorrect,anerrormessagewillbe

displayedexplainingthatallpostingstothisobjectarelocked.

154

第 165 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Exercise 10: Optional Exercises

145

Exercise Duration: 15 Minutes

Exercise Objectives

After completingthisexercise, youwillbeableto:

• Create a planned settlement.

• Read the documentation on statistical planning key figures and

plan-integrated orders

Business Example

Try tosettleyourPCrepair/maintenanceandmarketing brochureorderstosee

the difference between orders that are plan-integrated and those that are not

plan-integrated. Before you can settle your PC repair/maintenance order, you

must first set up a rule for planned settlement that allocates the costs to the

Administration and Financials cost centers.

Find more information on planning statistical key figures and the benefits of

planning using plan-integrated orders.

Task 1:

CarryoutaplannedsettlementforthecostsofyourPCrepair/maintenanceand

marketing brochure orders.

1. EnteraperiodicplannedsettlementruleforyourPCrepair/maintenance

order. Settle50% of the coststo the Administration and Financialscost

center(2100), 25% toHuman Resources(2200), and25%toPurchasing

(2300).

Save your order.

2. CarryoutaplannedsettlementforyourPCrepair/maintenanceorderfor

the current periodand plan version 0.

Run the settlement in test mode.

Ifnoerrorsoccur, runitagaininproductionmode.

3. CheckthebalanceofyourPCrepair/maintenanceorder. Intheinformation

system,calluptheplanningoverviewinthecurrentperiodandplanversion

4. Perform a planned settlement for your marketing brochure order for the

currentperiodandplanversion0. Runthesettlementintestmode. Whatis

the result and why do you get this result?

Continued on next page

155

第 166 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

_________________________________________________

Task 2:

Usetheonlinehelptoreviewtheplanningdocumentation.

1. Readthedocumentationonstatistical keyfigures.

2. Readthedocumentationonplan-integratedorders.

156

第 167 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Solution 10: Optional Exercises

Task 1:

CarryoutaplannedsettlementforthecostsofyourPCrepair/maintenanceand

marketing brochure orders.

1. EnteraperiodicplannedsettlementruleforyourPCrepair/maintenance

order. Settle50% of the coststo the Administration and Financialscost

center(2100), 25% toHuman Resources(2200), and25%toPurchasing

(2300).

Continued on next page

157

第 168 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

Save your order.

a) SAPEasyAccessmenu→InternalOrders→MasterData→Special

Functions → Order → Change

EnteryourPCrepair/maintenanceordernumberintheOrderfield.

Choose Settlement rule.

Choose Plan settlement.

Double-click on version 0.

In the first row, enter:

- CTR in the Cat field.

- 2100 in the Settlement receiver field.

- 50 in the % field.

- PER in the Settlement type field.

In the second row, enter:

- CTR in the Cat field.

- 2200 in the Settlement receiver field.

- 25 in the % field.

- PER in the Settlement type field.

In the third row, enter:

- CTR in the Cat field.

- 2300 in the Settlement receiver field.

- 25 in the % field.

- PER in the Settlement type field.

Choose Check.

ChooseContinuetocleartheinformationmessage.

If no errors were found, choose Save.

2. CarryoutaplannedsettlementforyourPCrepair/maintenanceorderfor

the current periodand plan version 0.

Run the settlement in test mode.

Continued on next page

158

第 169 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Ifnoerrorsoccur, runitagaininproductionmode.

a) SAPEasyAccessmenu→InternalOrders→Planning→Allocations

→Settlement→ Individual Processing

EnteryourPCrepair/maintenanceordernumberintheOrderfield.

Enter 0 in the Version field.

Enter period 1 in the Periodfield.

Enter period 12 in the To field.

EnterthecurrentfiscalyearintheFiscalyearfield.

Check the Test run box.

Choose Execute.

If thereareno errors, go backto the Planned Settlement: Internal

orders screen.

Deactivate the Test Run box.

Choose Execute.

3. CheckthebalanceofyourPCrepair/maintenanceorder. Intheinformation

system,calluptheplanningoverviewinthecurrentperiodandplanversion

a) SAPEasyAccessmenu→InternalOrders→InformationSystem→

ReportsforInternalOrders→PlanningReports→Order: Planning

Overview

EnteryourPCrepair/maintenanceordernumberintheOrderfield.

EnterthecurrentfiscalyearintheFiscalyearfield.

Enterthecurrent periodin thePeriodfield.

Enter the current period in the To field.

Enter 0 in the Version field.

Choose Execute.

The balance should be zero.

4. Perform a planned settlement for your marketing brochure order for the

currentperiodandplanversion0. Runthesettlementintestmode. Whatis

the result and why do you get this result?

Continued on next page

159

第 170 页 / 共 193 页

Unit5: PlanningandBudgeting AC415

_________________________________________________

a) SAPEasyAccessmenu→InternalOrders→Planning→Allocations

→ Settlement→ Individual Processing

EnterthenumberofyourmarketingbrochureorderintheOrderfield.

Enter 0 in the Version field.

EnterthecurrentperiodinthePeriod field.

Enter the current period inthe To field.

EnterthecurrentfiscalyearintheFiscalyearfield.

Check the Test run box.

Choose Execute.

The plan settlement cannot be processed. The order is not

plan-integrated. Therefore the planned costs cannot be credited to

the selected cost centers.

Task 2:

Usetheonlinehelptoreviewtheplanningdocumentation.

1. Readthedocumentationonstatistical keyfigures.

a) SAPEasyAccessmenu→Help→SAPLibrary→SAPERPCentral

Component→Financials→Controlling(CO)→InternalOrders→

Planning→ManualPlanning→PlanningStatisticalKeyFigures

2. Readthedocumentationonplan-integratedorders.

a) SAPEasyAccessmenu→Help→SAPLibrary→SAPERPCentral

Component→Financials→Controlling(CO)→InternalOrders→

Planning→IntegratedPlanningforInternalOrders

160

第 171 页 / 共 193 页

AC415 Lesson: Budgeting and Availability Control Concept

Lesson Summary

You should now be able to:

• Set up the profiles for the budgeting

• Enter budgets on overhead cost orders

• Set up the availability control

• Understandtheresultsofthebudgetingandavailabilitycontrol

• Transfer the budgetsinto the following year

161