SAP MM 变式配置（Variant Configuration）实战指南
变式配置（Variant Configuration）是 SAP 中支持按客户需求灵活组合产品特性的强大功能，广泛应用于复杂设备、汽车、机械等行业。本文介绍变式配置的基本概念、模型结构、配置流程以及 MM/SD/PP 集成要点。
Uwe Blumöhr, Manfred Münch, and Marin Ukalovic
Variant Configuration with SAP®
Bonn (cid:31) Boston
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Contents at a Glance
1 Basic Principles of Variant Configuration ............................... 31
2 Creating a Product Model for SAP Variant Configuration ...... 69
3 Business Processes in SAP ERP .............................................. 219
4 Customizing SAP ERP for Variant Configuration .................... 311
5 Special Features of Product Configuration in SAP CRM ........ 337
6 Challenges in Variant Configuration ....................................... 367
7 Enhancements in SAP Industry Solution DIMP ...................... 447
8 Enhancements and Add-Ons in the SAP Partner
Environment ............................................................................ 465
9 Project Lead Reports on Projects and Project Structures ...... 543
10 Customer Reports on the Introduction of SAP Variant
Configuration .......................................................................... 579
11 Configuration Workgroup ....................................................... 637
12 Outlook for SAP Business ByDesign ...................................... 647
A Database Tables of Variant Configuration .............................. 663
B APIs of Variant Configuration ................................................. 669
C User Exits of Variant Configuration ........................................ 671
D Comprehensive Examples of Variant Functions ..................... 673
E The Authors ............................................................................. 681
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Contents
Foreword ......................................................................................................... 13
Introduction .................................................................................................... 21
1 Basic Principles of Variant Configuration ................................. 31
1.1 What Is Product Configuration? .................................................. 31
1.1.1 Terminology .................................................................. 32
1.1.2 Elementary Configuration Modules ............................... 36
1.1.3 Product Configuration in Logistic Scenarios ................... 39
1.1.4 Core Problem of Variant Diversity ................................. 41
1.1.5 Procedural and Declarative Approaches ........................ 44
1.2 What Is SAP Variant Configuration? ............................................ 47
1.2.1 Product Configuration Using Variant Configuration
(LO-VC) ........................................................................ 48
1.2.2 Further Areas of Use ..................................................... 48
1.2.3 “Hello World” Example ................................................. 49
1.2.4 Variant Configuration (LO-VC) ...................................... 55
1.2.5 Internet Pricing and Configurator (IPC) ......................... 59
1.3 Enhancing Business Processes with Variant Configuration ............ 63
1.3.1 Prerequisite for the Usage of Variant Configuration ....... 63
1.3.2 Factors for the Usage of Variant Configuration .............. 64
1.3.3 Exemplary Consideration on the Master Data Volume ... 66
1.4 Summary .................................................................................... 67
2 Creating a Product Model for SAP Variant Configuration ....... 69
2.1 Overview of the Modeling and Integration of Variant
Configuration .............................................................................. 69
2.1.1 Multivariant Product without Variant Configuration ...... 70
2.1.2 Multivariant Product with Variant Configuration ........... 70
2.2 Tools from the Classification System ............................................ 75
2.2.1 Characteristic Management ........................................... 75
2.2.2 Class Management ........................................................ 82
2.2.3 Classification ................................................................. 84
2.2.4 Search ........................................................................... 85
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Contents
2.3 Material Master, BOM, and Routing ........................................... 87
2.3.1 Material Master of the Configurable Material ................ 87
2.3.2 Super BOM of the Configurable Material ...................... 91
2.3.3 Super Task List for the Configurable Material ................ 94
2.4 Configuration Profile and Configuration Scenarios ....................... 97
2.4.1 Overview of the Configuration Profile ........................... 97
2.4.2 Configuration Profile in Detail ....................................... 99
2.4.3 Overview of Configuration Scenarios ............................. 105
2.4.4 Planned/Production Order without BOM Explosion
Scenario ........................................................................ 105
2.4.5 Order BOM Scenario .................................................... 107
2.4.6 Sales Order (SET) Scenario ............................................ 113
2.4.7 Planned/Production Order with BOM Explosion
Scenario ........................................................................ 118
2.5 Overview of Object Dependencies .............................................. 121
2.5.1 Types of Object Dependencies and Assignment ............ 121
2.5.2 The Procedural and Declarative Character of Object
Dependencies ............................................................... 126
2.5.3 Global and Local Object Dependencies ......................... 126
2.5.4 Status of Object Dependencies ..................................... 127
2.5.5 Object Dependencies in Classification and Variant
Configuration ................................................................ 128
2.5.6 Execution Sequence of Object Dependencies ................ 128
2.5.7 Basic Syntax Rules ......................................................... 131
2.5.8 Syntax Elements ............................................................ 134
2.5.9 Variant Tables and Functions ......................................... 136
2.5.10 Evaluation Function for Object Dependencies ............... 138
2.6 Object Dependencies for the Value Assignment Interface or
the Sales View ............................................................................ 142
2.6.1 Product Modeling Environment PMEVC ....................... 142
2.6.2 Example ........................................................................ 146
2.6.3 Variant Tables in Detail ................................................. 152
2.6.4 Constraints in Detail ..................................................... 158
2.6.5 Preconditions ................................................................ 164
2.6.6 Selection Conditions ..................................................... 167
2.6.7 Procedures .................................................................... 168
2.6.8 Reference Characteristics .............................................. 171
2.6.9 Variant Functions .......................................................... 174
2.6.10 User Interface Design .................................................... 177
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