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n An independent function for credit/risk management is available in the SAP system alongside
Financial Accounting and Sales and Distribution to minimize credit risk when delivering goods or
providing services. With the credit management function, you can define how a customer is to be
handled in terms of credit and set the system to respect these credit procedures in related business
transactions.
n Automatic credit control and resulting blocks are part of Sales and Shipping. The credit
representative can use these functions to process urgent transactions quickly and efficiently.
n For further information on Credit Management, see the online documentation listed below:
Ø
R/3 System Online Help: FI-Financial Accounting - Accounts Receivable (FI-AR) - FI/SD - Credit
Management/Risk Management
Ø
R/3 System Online Help: SD-Sales and Distribution - Credit Management and Risk Management
in FI/SD
n Or the following chapters in the Implementation Guide:
Ø
IMG: )LQDQFLDO(cid:3)$FFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)$FFRXQWV(cid:3)5HFHLYDEOH(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)$FFRXQWV(cid:3)3D\DEOH(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)&UHGLW(cid:3)0DQDJHPHQW
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n The R/3 System provides you with various options for guaranteeing payment of receivables. These
different payment guarantee forms are all contained within risk management.
n You can differentiate between the different payment guarantee forms according to the level of
security they provide.
n In credit management, you can group your customers according to risk category and set a maximum
credit limit per risk category. How you make these assignments depends upon the level of credit you
want to grant your customer.
n As of Release 4.0, you can also use the following "safer" payment guarantee forms to reduce the risk
involved for receivables:
Ø
Financial documents (confirmed or unconfirmed letter of credit)
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Export credit insurance (connection to external system)
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Payment cards
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n Open order value:
The open order value is the value of all order items that have not yet been delivered.
The open order value is based on confirmed quantities (confirmed quantities x credit price = open
order value of an order). An order that has been blocked due to a credit check does not contain
confirmed quantities. The open order value does not increase as long as the block remains in place.
n Open delivery value:
The open delivery value is the value of all delivery items that have not yet been billed.
n Open billing value:
The open billing value is the value of all billing items that have not yet been transferred to
Accounting.
n Receivables from sales are included in total commitments as long as they have not been indicated as
disputed items. For more information, see Unit 3D\PHQW(cid:3)’LIIHUHQFHV(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)6SHFLDO(cid:3)&RPPLWPHQWV.
n Receivables from special G/L transactions are transferred from special commitments to total
commitments if they are relevant to credit limit (for example, payments). For more information, see
Unit 3D\PHQW(cid:3)’LIIHUHQFHV(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)6SHFLDO(cid:3)&RPPLWPHQWV.
n The system updates values based on the payer.
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n To use the credit management functionality, you must first maintain the relevant master data (for
example, risk category and credit limit) in the Credit Management section of Financial Accounting.
n You can configure Customizing so that various checks are carried out at different points of the SD
process.
n This can be used to block a sales order if the credit limit has been exceeded.
n The credit representative receives a list of blocked documents that can be checked and then released
or rejected.
n After a blocked document has been released, subsequent functions in SD can be resumed.
n Depending on the stage of the business transaction, the system will recognize changes to values that
contribute to the customer’s total commitments.
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(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:3)(cid:7) (cid:7)(cid:22)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:3)
n When using credit management, you enter a limit up to which you are prepared to grant credit to
your customer. Nevertheless, you still have no solid guarantee that the receivables will be paid.
n As of Release 4.0, the R/3 system provides you with extra "safer" payment guarantee forms in
addition to credit management. These all fall within the category of risk management.
n If, for example, you accept payment from a customer using a credit card, then subsequent
authorization of the amount by the credit card company guarantees that you will receive payment.
n Because this process is carried out using a secure payment guarantee form, it does not cause any
increase in total commitments as defined within credit management.
n Credit management can now be used as a second stage within risk management, below the secure
forms of payment guarantee:
If you have also granted a credit limit to the customer mentioned above and you receive an order that
is not to be paid by credit card, then this order increases total commitments within credit
management. In this case there is no guarantee that payment will be made.
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Company codes 1000 / 2200
Credit control area 1000
Sales organizations 1000 / 2200
Distribution channel 10
Division 00
Plant 1000
Shipping point 1000
Warehouse number 010
Customers T-L69A## (1000/10/00)
T-L69A## (2200/10/00)
T-L69B## (1000/10/00)
T-L69C## (1000/10/00)
Materials T-FUD##
T-FUB##
T-FUC##
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| Company codes | 1000 / 2200 |
| Credit control area | 1000 |
| Sales organizations | 1000 / 2200 |
| Distribution channel | 10 |
| Division | 00 |
| Plant | 1000 |
| Shipping point | 1000 |
| Warehouse number | 010 |
| Customers | T-L69A## (1000/10/00) T-L69A## (2200/10/00) T-L69B## (1000/10/00) T-L69C## (1000/10/00) |
| Materials vwxyz{y|x}~(cid:127)(cid:128)(cid:129)(cid:130){(cid:131)vw{(cid:132)w(cid:131)(cid:129)(cid:133)(cid:134)~(cid:132){(cid:135)(cid:129)(cid:130)(cid:136)(cid:137)(cid:138)(cid:129)(cid:139)(cid:129)(cid:134)(cid:140)}(cid:127)y(cid:127)z{}{y(cid:130) | T-FUD## T-FUB## T-FUC## |
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At the end of these exercises, you will be able to:
• Describe how Credit Management is incorporated into the business
process workflow.
You have given new customer T-L69A## a credit limit of UNI 10,000.
This customer then places an order for two PC’s. The sales document is
blocked because the customer exceeded the credit limit. You release the
blocked document. You then carry out the delivery and the billing, taking
account of the effects on the data. Finally, post the incoming payments.
1-1 Customer 7(cid:16)/(cid:25)(cid:28)$(cid:6)(cid:6) places an order. Create the order:
Order type: 6WDQGDUG(cid:3)RUGHU(cid:3)(cid:11)25(cid:12)
Sales organization: (cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)
’LVWULEXWLRQ(cid:3)FKDQQHO: (cid:20)(cid:19)
Division: (cid:19)(cid:19)
Sold-to party: 7(cid:16)/(cid:25)(cid:28)$(cid:6)(cid:6)
PO number: (cid:6)(cid:6)&0(cid:16)(cid:19)(cid:20)
Requested delivery date: 1H[W(cid:3)0RQGD\
Material: 7(cid:16))8’(cid:6)(cid:6)
Order quantity: (cid:21)(cid:3)SLHFHV
What information does the system give you when you save the order?
_________________________________________________________________
1-2 Now you are an employee in the credit department. You are responsible for FUHGLW
FRQWURO(cid:3)DUHD(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19) and are in the group in charge of new accounts.
Display the sales orders for customer 7(cid:16)/(cid:25)(cid:28)$(cid:6)(cid:6) that are blocked due to a credit
check.
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1-3 Process the sales order that was just created and display the credit control area data
for this customer.
Note the following:
Credit limit: ____________________________________________
Receivables: _________________________________
Special commitments: ____________________________________________
Open orders: ____________________________________________
Open deliveries: ____________________________________________
Open billing documents: ____________________________________________
Sales value: ____________________________________________
Total commitments: ____________________________________________
Release the sales order even though the credit limit has been exceeded.
1-4 Create an outbound delivery for the above order:
Choose shipping point (cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19) and a selection date that is one month ahead.
Save the outbound delivery and note down the number.
__________________________________________________________
Check the customer’s credit data in credit control area 1000.
Receivables: _________________________________
Special commitments: ____________________________________________
Open orders: ____________________________________________
Open deliveries: ____________________________________________
Open billing documents: ____________________________________________
Sales value: ____________________________________________
Total commitments: ________________________________________
1-5 Create a transfer order for picking and post goods issue at the same time:
Whse number: (cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:19)
Plant: (cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)
Delivery: 1XPEHU(cid:3)RI(cid:3)WKH(cid:3)RXWERXQG(cid:3)GHOLYHU\(cid:3)FUHDWHG(cid:3)DERYH
Foreground/backgrnd: %DFNJURXQG
Adopt pick.quantity (cid:21)
© SAP AG LO645 2-13
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1-6 Create the billing document. Enter the number of your outbound delivery as the
document to be billed. Save the transaction and note the number of the billing
document created.
__________________________________________________________
1-6-1 Branch into the billing document created and note the final amount of the
invoice.
__________________________________________________________
1-6-2 Create a transfer order for picking and post goods issue at the same time:
Receivables: _________________________________
Special commitments: ________________________________________
Open orders: ________________________________________
Open deliveries: ________________________________________
Open billing documents: ________________________________________
Sales value: ________________________________________
Total commitments: ________________________________________
1-7 Post incoming payments for the above receivables:
Document date: 7RGD\¶V(cid:3)GDWH
Company code (cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)
Currency/Rate: 81,
Block %DQN(cid:3)GDWD(cid:29)
Account: (cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:28)
Amount; VHH(cid:3)UHVXOW(cid:3)IURP(cid:3)H[HUFLVH(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:16)(cid:20)
Block 2SHQ(cid:3),WHP(cid:3)6HOHFWLRQ(cid:29)
Account: 7(cid:16)/(cid:25)(cid:28)$(cid:6)(cid:6)
Choose the button 3URFHVV(cid:3)RSHQ(cid:3)LWHPV
Save the incoming payment.
Note:
The non-assigned field must have a value of 0 in order that posting of the incoming
payment can be carried out.
Then check the customer’s credit data in credit control area 1000.
Receivables: _________________________________
Special commitments: ________________________________________
Open orders: ________________________________________
Open deliveries: ________________________________________
Open billing documents: ________________________________________
Sales value: ________________________________________
Total commitments: ________________________________________
© SAP AG LO645 2-14
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1-1 Create sales order:
/RJLVWLFV(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)’LVWULEXWLRQ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)fi(cid:3)2UGHU(cid:3)fi(cid:3)&UHDWH
When saving the order, the dynamic credit limit check tells you that you have
exceeded the credit limit.
1-2 Display the blocked customer orders from a credit view:
$FFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3))LQDQFLDO(cid:3)DFFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)$FFRXQWV(cid:3)UHFHLYDEOH(cid:3)fi(cid:3)&UHGLW
PDQDJHPHQW(cid:3)fi(cid:3)([FHSWLRQV(cid:3)fi(cid:3)%ORFNHG(cid:3)6’(cid:3)GRFXPHQWV
In the &UHGLW(cid:3)UHSUHVHQWDWLYH JURXS field, enter: 100 (new customer)
Enter the following in the &UHGLW(cid:3)DFFRXQW field: 7(cid:16)/(cid:25)(cid:28)$(cid:6)(cid:6)
Once you have pressed Execute, the standard order you created in the last exercise
will appear in the list.
1-3 Displaying the credit control area data for the customer:
Mark the line and choose (QYLURQPHQW(cid:3)fi(cid:3)&XVW(cid:17)(cid:3)PDVWHU(cid:3)FUHGLW(cid:3)fi(cid:3)&RQWURO(cid:3)DUHD
GDWD(cid:29)
The values have not yet been updated. Since this order is blocked by the exceeded
credit limit, the value is not added to the open orders.
You can analyze the total sales value in open orders, open deliveries
or open billing documents using the following menu path:
([WUDV(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)YDOXH
Releasing the blocked sales order:
Return to the list of blocked documents, choose 5HOHDVH and then save your change.
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1-4 Create outbound delivery:
/RJLVWLFV(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)’LVWULEXWLRQ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6KLSSLQJ(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)2XWERXQG
’HOLYHU\(cid:3)fi(cid:3)&UHDWH(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6LQJOH(cid:3)’RFXPHQW(cid:3)fi(cid:3):LWK(cid:3)5HIHUHQFH(cid:3)WR(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)2UGHU
In the 6KLSSLQJ(cid:3)SRLQW field, enter: (cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)
In the 2UGHU field choose the number of the standard order previously created.
Note: Set the selection date forward one month.
Check credit control area values:
$FFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3))LQDQFLDO(cid:3)$FFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)$FFRXQWV(cid:3)5HFHLYDEOH(cid:3)fi(cid:3)&UHGLW
PDQDJHPHQW(cid:3)fi(cid:3)0DVWHU(cid:3)GDWD(cid:3)fi(cid:3)’LVSOD\(cid:29)
Enter your customer in the &XVWRPHU field and in the &UHGLW(cid:3)FRQWURO(cid:3)DUHD field enter
(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19).
Choose the 6WDWXV(cid:3)screen.
=> after you have created the delivery, an open delivery value is set up.
1-5 Create a transfer order:
/RJLVWLFV(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)’LVWULEXWLRQ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6KLSSLQJ(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)3LFNLQJ
fi(cid:3)&UHDWH(cid:3)7UDQVIHU(cid:3)2UGHU(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6LQJOH(cid:3)’RFXPHQW(cid:29)
In the :DUHKRXVH(cid:3)QXPEHU field, enter: (cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:19)
In the ’HOLYHU\ field enter the number of the outbound delivery you created.
In the IRUHJURXQG(cid:18)EDFNJUQG field, enter: %DFNJURXQG
In the $GRSW(cid:3)SLFN(cid:3)TXDQWLW\ field, choose: (cid:21)
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1-6 Create a billing document
/RJLVWLFV(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)’LVWULEXWLRQ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)%LOOLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)%LOOLQJ(cid:3)GRFXPHQW(cid:3)fi(cid:3)&UHDWH
In the ’RFXPHQW(cid:3)field enter the number of the outbound delivery created before.
1-6-1 Display conditions in the billing document:
/RJLVWLFV(cid:3)fi(cid:3)6DOHV(cid:3)DQG(cid:3)’LVWULEXWLRQ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)%LOOLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)%LOOLQJ(cid:3)GRFXPHQW(cid:3)fi
’LVSOD\
Choose the 3ULFLQJ(cid:3)FRQGLWLRQV(cid:3)KHDGHU button and note the condition value
that you see under )LQDO(cid:3)DPRXQW .
1-6-2 Check credit control area values:
$FFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3))LQDQFLDO(cid:3)$FFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)$FFRXQWV(cid:3)5HFHLYDEOH(cid:3)fi(cid:3)&UHGLW
PDQDJHPHQW(cid:3)fi(cid:3)0DVWHU(cid:3)GDWD(cid:3)fi(cid:3)’LVSOD\(cid:29)
Enter your customer in the &XVWRPHU field and in the &UHGLW(cid:3)FRQWURO(cid:3)DUHD
field enter (cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19).
Choose the 6WDWXV(cid:3)screen.
=> after the billing document has been created the receivables increase by
the corresponding amount. In addition the sales value and open delivery
value are reduced.
1-7 Enter incoming payments:
$FFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3))LQDQFLDO(cid:3)DFFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)$FFRXQWV(cid:3)UHFHLYDEOH(cid:3)fi(cid:3)’RFXPHQW(cid:3)HQWU\
fi(cid:3),QFRPLQJ(cid:3)SD\PHQW
In the GRFXPHQW(cid:3)GDWH field, select WRGD\¶V(cid:3)GDWH(cid:17)
In the $FFRXQW field in the bank data block, enter: (cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:28)
In the $PRXQW field, enter the amount of the receivables that was determined in the
billing document in the previous step.
In the $FFRXQW field in the selection block, enter the open items: 7(cid:16)/(cid:25)(cid:28)$(cid:6)(cid:6)
Press 3URFHVV(cid:3)RSHQ(cid:3)LWHPV and post the incoming payment.
Check credit control area values:
$FFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3))LQDQFLDO(cid:3)$FFRXQWLQJ(cid:3)fi(cid:3)$FFRXQWV(cid:3)5HFHLYDEOH(cid:3)fi(cid:3)&UHGLW
PDQDJHPHQW(cid:3)fi(cid:3)0DVWHU(cid:3)GDWD(cid:3)fi(cid:3)’LVSOD\(cid:29)
Enter your customer in the &XVWRPHU field and in the &UHGLW(cid:3)FRQWURO(cid:3)DUHD field enter
(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19).
Choose the 6WDWXV(cid:3)screen.
=> after booking the incoming payment, the receivables are reduced.