外币评估

SAP外币评估

http://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/display/ERPFI/Valuating+of+Open+Items+in+Foreign+Currency

Valuating of Open Items in Foreign Currency

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Added by Cora Phelan, last edited by Cora Phelan on Nov 21, 2013  (view change)

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Purpose

This wiki provides a demonstration of valuation of Open Items In Foreign Currencies

Overview

From the help.sap.com documentation the following is stated

Valuation of Open Items in Foreign Currencies.

Use

All open items in foreign currency are valuated as part of the foreign currency valuation:

The individual open items of an account in foreign currency form the basis of the valuation, that is, every open item of an account in foreign currency is valuated individually.

Example of open items are customers, Vendors, or GL accounts managed on open item basis (SKB1-XOPVW = X)

The total difference from all the open items in an account is posted to a financial statement adjustment account. The account therefore retains its original balance.

The exchange rate profit or loss from the valuation is posted to a separate expense or revenue account for exchange rate differences as an offsetting posting.

A valuation cannot be made by posting to the payables/receivalbes account, since reconcilation accounts cannot be directly posted to.

For this reason the amount is posted to an adjustment account, which appears in the same line of the balance sheet as the reconcilation account

Step 1 - General customizing

Local currency of company EUR -

Implementation Guide: Financial accounting (New) -> Financial accounting global settings (New) -> global Parameters for company code - Transaction code OBY6

Exchange rate 1 USD = 1,7 EUR Implementation Guide: SAP NetWeaver -> General settings -> Currencies (check all settings) -> Enter Exchange rates (Transaction code OB08)

Step 2 - Create Invoice

SAP Easy Access -> Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Accounts payable -> Document entry -> FB60 Invoice

Post document

Display document posted via FB03

Change in exchange rate occurs 1 USD now equals 1,63 EUR

SAP Easy Access Screen choose -> Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Payable -> Accounting -> FBL1N -Display/Change Line items

Step 3 - Review of Foreign Currency Valuation customizing

Prior to performing a foreign currency valuation review of customizing:

Implementation Guide:Finanical Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Periodic Processing -> Valuate

Define Valuation Methods

Define valuation Areas

Define Accounting Principles

Check Assignment of Accounting princples to ledger Group

*required if you have more than one ledger

Perpare Automatic Postings for Foreign Currency Valuation

Select Transaction KDF, enter Chart of Accounts

The Target Accounts for KDB/KDF can also be defined per valuation area

Account Determination per Valuation Area

Step 4 - Perform Foreign Currency Valuation

To perform a foreign currency valuation, from the SAP Easy Access Screen, choose Accounting -> Financial Accounting ->

General ledger/Accounts Receivable/Accounts Payalbe -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Valuate -> Foreign Currency Valuation (New)

Transaction FAGL_FC_VAL (Program FAGL_FC_VALUATION)

Execute

Click on Postings button

To create valuation documents create postings must be ticked on, if you execute without create postings ticked, this means that program is run in test mode.

If there are errors when posting, a batch input session is created (transaction SM35)

Update run is saved in table FAGL_BSBW_HISTRY

This avoids that a valuation run for the same valuation (key date) can be repeated.

http://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/display/ERPFI/Foreign+Currency+Translation

Foreign Currency Translation

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Added by Cora Phelan, last edited by Cora Phelan on Jan 29, 2014  (view change)

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Purpose

This wiki provides an outline of configuation and posting for FASB52 logic. It outlines the help.sap.com documentation in relation to example.  Please be clear this is only an example, customizing can vary based on your own legal requirements.

Overview

From help.sap.com documentation the following is stated on foreign currency translation Currency Translation Use You can translate your account balances from local currency into group currency. The translation is performed in accordance with FASB 52 (US GAAP) or IAS.

However, you can also perform the currency translation for other currency types. Integration In General Ledger Accounting, you can only perform a currency translation as part of the foreign currency valuation. Prerequisites -         You have performed a foreign currency valuation and have made all the settings for it in Customizing (see Foreign Currency Valuation). -         You have defined account determination for the translation in Customizing for Financial Accounting (New).

To do this, in the Implementation Guide for Financial Accounting (New), choose General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Periodic Processing ->Valuate

-> Foreign Currency Valuation -> Define Account Determination for Currency Translation. On the basis of the financial statement version, you can define different exchange rate types for each financial statement item and thereby different exchange rates for the valuation. Features The account balances are translated from local currency into group currency. Activities -         To perform a currency translation, from the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General ledger/Accounts Receivable/Accounts Payable ->

Periodic Processing  -> Closing -> Valuate -> Currency Translation of Balances. -         In the general selection data, enter a valuation area (for translation into group currency, for example, enter the valuation area with your group currency).

The functional currency does not have to be always the local currency (currency type 10 in SAP).

General Customizing:

Company code/Local  currency = USD

Implementation Guide: Financial accounting (New) -> Financial accounting global settings (New) -> global Parameters for company code - Transaction code OBY6

Additional Local Currencies

Implementation Guide:  Financial Accounting (New) -> Financial Accounting Global Settings (New)  -> Ledgers -> Ledger -> Define Currencies of Leading ledger (Transaction code OB22)

OB22: The currency type 30 is defined as source currency = 2(Translation taking first local currency as basis),

otherwise the currency type 30 is not posted in the first step with the FAGL_FC_VALUATION (Remeasurement)

Exchange rate at time of posting invoice Implementation Guide: SAP NetWeaver -> General settings -> Currencies (check all settings)-> Enter Exchange rates (Transaction code OB08)

Create customer invoice via FB70  - Display posted invoice via FB03

Customizing for  Foreign currency valuation

Implementation Guide:Finanical Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Periodic Processing -> Valuate

Define valuation Areas

Prepare Automatic Postings for Foreign Currency Valuation

Select Transaction KDF, enter Chart of Accounts

Exchange rate at time of carrying out foreign currency valuation   OB08

To perform a foreign currency valuation, from the SAP Easy Access Screen, choose Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General ledger/Accounts Receivable/Accounts Payalbe -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Valuate -> Foreign Currency Valuation (New) Transaction FAGL_FC_VAL (Program FAGL_FC_VALUATION)

Valuation using valuation area which is assigned to currency type 10

Execute

Click on Postings button      To create valuation documents create postings must be ticked on, if you execute without create postings ticked, this means that program is run in test mode.

If there are errors when posting, a batch input session is created (transaction SM35)  Documents created view via FB03

Update run is saved in table FAGL_BSBW_HISTRY

The valuation difference of 10 posted in currency type 10 i.e. the difference between  50 GBP * 1.6  = 80 USD (exchange rate at time of posting invoice) and (50 GBP * 1.8 exchange rate at time of valuation from currency GBP to USD) = 90 USD

The valuation difference of 13 posted in currency type 30 i.e. (the valuation difference is translated into the group currency 10 USD* 1.3)

Customizing for Foregin Currency Translation

Define valuation area Valuation area for currency type 30

Define Account Determination for Currency Translation

In Financial statement item 1013200 in fin. statement version CAUS the following two accounts are present: 140000 (Rec. Account for customers) 140099 (Adjustment account for Rec. Account 140000, posted by FAGL_FC_VALUATION) Accounts 140000 and 140099 should be defined together in the same financial statement item (ob58) so that FAGL_FC_TRANSLATION posts the valuation

for both accounts together in the same account (defined in V_FAGL_T030TR, can be the same account 140099).

Foreign currency translation To perform a foreign currency translation , from the SAP Easy Access Screen, choose Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General ledger/Accounts Receivable/Accounts Payalbe -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Valuate -> FAGL_FC_TRANS (Program FAGL_FC_TRANSLATION)

Execute

Click on postings Button

Generate postings must be selected on initial screen of FAGL_FC_TRANS for postings to be created  Postings created view via FB03

Update run is saved in table FAGL_BSBW_HST_BL

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1 Comment

Seema Saboo

Hello,

Thanks for sharing such a knowledgeable document

I do not see customization of foreign currency translation account along with FSV as shown in your document above in ECC 6

Instead I see translation accounts in OBA1 T Code where we define other accounts for realized and unrealized exchange gains and losses Are you referring to the same customization?

Regards,

Seema

外币评估是基于财务目的,为了不影响报表而做的估算值,在月末进行评估,在下月初进行冲回。

后台配置如下:

定义评估方法

定义评估范围

分配评估范围到会计准则

财务会计 > 总帐会计 > 业务交易 > 结账 >评估>外币估值>准备外币评估的自动过账

事务码:OBA1

1、设置KDB(汇兑损益科目):

设置汇兑收益科目和汇兑损失科目,如果企业是区分未结损益和已结损益的话,这里配置的是未结损益科目。此外,空格是默认的汇率差额代码,如果总账科目主数据中没有设置汇率差额代码,这个空格代码都会起作用。这里可以设置多个汇率差额代码,并将对应的汇率差额代码分配到对应的会计科目主数据中。

2、设置KDF:

理论上讲,银行外币存款科目、现金外币科目、应收应付、预收预付、汇票科目都是需要进行外币评估的,并在科目表中设置对应的调整科目。但如果该公司银行存款外币是结汇掉了,最终是以人民币存在银行的,那外币银行科目实际上月末没有余额,那无所谓评估了。而且,银行存款也可以不进行外币评估。

在系统中维护要评估的科目,双击进入,维护评估的具体过帐科目:

汇率差额实现是配置已结损益科目(如果不分已结损益和未结损益,那么就是汇兑损益科目),评估中是配置未结损益科目,调整是对应的调整科目。

首先,外币评估可以对总账余额、未清项等进行评估,具体环节如下:

1、具体路径如下:

2、输入相关信息:

因为一般都是月末评估,所以评估日期和记账日期都是月末,而冲回日期是下月初。评估范围的选择取决于你使用了几个帐套。

3、选择要评估的项目,一般“未清项”和“总账科目余额”都选上:

4、点击执行图标,或者按F8,系统会找到需要进行评估的科目或未清项目,此时批输入会话已经生成:

通过该行信息,可以看到科目、客户、凭证、外币金额、本位币金额、当前汇率(6.93)、业务发生时的汇率(6.98)、汇兑损益;

5、点击“2—过帐”,显示系统将会生成的评估凭证和冲销凭证,分别是借贷:汇兑损益科目和应付账款调整科目(冲销凭证方向相反):

6、此时执行批输入会话,可以通过如下菜单路径,也可以直接通过SM35到批输入会话控制台:

执行批输入会话,生成相应的凭证;

7、选中批输入会话,点击“LOG”,查看生成的日志:

显示两张凭证记账到公司代码中;

8、查看两张凭证,这是两张借贷方向相反的凭证,过帐日期分别是5月末和六月初,即评估凭证和冲销凭证:

一.外币未清项评估原理 1.外币的未清项评估适用范围 1)应收帐款。 2)其他往来应收。 3)应付帐款。 4)应付工资。 5)其他应付。 6)预提费用。 7)借款。 2.原理。未清项的评估是在外币的汇率有变化时,对有涉及外币未清项的科目按统驭科目或科目类型、按币种、分借贷分别进行统计其由于汇率变化产生的差额,将变化额按科目类型和币种进行帐务调整。 3.涉及的后台配置 1)评估策略的确定 路径:SPRO-财务会计-应收应付-业务交易-结算-评估-外币估值-定义评估方法

主要设置: ①按行项目显示。评估报告按行项目显示结果。 ②总是评估。 ③按行项目记帐。这种方式会使评估结果更容易检查,但可能程序运行所需要的时间会增加。 ④凭证类型。SA。 ⑤汇率确定。确定评估的汇率类型为:M。 2)评估的科目配置 路径:SPRO-财务会计-应收应付-业务交易-结算-评估-外币估值-准备外币评估的自动过帐-未清项汇率差异 该配置中有三段设置: ①汇率差额实现——产生汇率差异时记帐的科目 ②评估——外币评估时差异记帐的科目 ③换算——实际结算时差异冲销和记帐科目 有两种设置方式: ①只配置前两段,不配第三段。 该种配置下结算凭证产生的汇率差异冲销调整科目,不再产生汇率差异记帐。 ②三段都配。 该种配置下结算凭证在冲销调整科目的同时,产生一对新的汇率差异记帐。 例如:11911000科目配置如下 汇率差额实现 损失                 51514005 收益                 51514005 评估 评估亏损 1           51514003 评估收益 1           51514003 资产负债表调整1      11911997 换算 换算亏损 1           51514003 资产负债表调整损失   11911997 换算收益 1           51514003 资产负债表调整收益   11911997 这种配置下,结算时产生的凭证将冲销评估产生的冲销凭证,并将差异记帐到汇率损益科目中。 001  04  500007    租房押金                         19,080.00 002  17  500007    租房押金                         19,260.00- 003  40  11911997 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting            003  40  11911997      end_of_the_skype_highlighting  其他应收款-换算调整              180.00 004  40  51514003 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting            004  40  51514003      end_of_the_skype_highlighting  汇兑损益-应收帐款                180.00 005  50  11911997  其他应收款-换算调整              180.00- 如该科目只配置前两段,结算产生的凭证只有上述凭证的前三个行项目,如果三段都配置,则增加了04和05两个行项目。 注意:在配置了换算部分的情况下,外币评估必须用冲销方式,并要求每月月结时做评估。 4.评估策略 外币的未清项评估有三种策略: 1)期末评估,下期初冲回。 该种评估策略是基于比较准确地评价外汇变化造成的损益,是哪个帐户造成的损益就一直挂在哪个帐户上,直到该帐户的该笔帐结清为止。 需要注意的是:如果用这种方式评估,就应该每个期间都进行评估,不管是否有新的汇率变化。 评估时,  借/贷相应的调整科目           贷/借汇兑损益科目————结帐时转出 冲回时,  借/贷汇兑损益科目           贷/借相应的调整科目 结帐时,  冲抵调整科目           借/贷调整科目           贷/借汇兑损益科目 最后的结果中,调整科目和汇兑损益科目的余额均抵销。 例:某供应商有应付帐款USD100, 汇率:8.50时,  USD100     折RMB850 汇率:8.00时,  USD100     折RMB800

2)期末评估,不冲回。 该种评估只在乎汇率变化期间的损益,不管哪个帐户造成的。在汇率变化的期间进行评估以后,差异自动转到损益科目,同时在该类科目相应的调整科目中记帐。该差异在当期转走,以后期间不过问。直到该帐户该笔帐清帐时,产生的汇率差异自动冲抵评估时产生的换算调整科目。 评估时,  借/贷相应的调整科目           贷/借汇兑损益科目————结帐时转出 结帐时,  借/贷调整科目(冲抵调整科目) 最后的结果中,调整科目和汇兑损益科目的余额均抵销。 例:某供应商有应付帐款USD100, 汇率:8.50时,  USD100     折RMB850 汇率:8.00时,  USD100     折RMB800

3)不评估。不管外币汇率何时变化,都不进行评估。这种策略的优点是操作简单,缺点是资产负债表不能真实地反应外币与本币的实际值。只有当清帐时才将汇率的变化直接转入汇兑损益科目。 4)我公司使用的是第二种评估策略,其结帐的后台配置也是按照第二种评估策略设置的。因此目前每年底改变外币汇率时进行外币余额和未清项的评估,不冲回。 二.操作方法 1.输入屏幕

2.关键点: ①帐户。类型及帐户号码范围均可选择输入,如空白,视为全选。 ②资产负债表指定日,一般是一年的最后一天。 ③资产负债表准备评估。如果选择该项,则视为年结评估,不能产生冲销凭证。 三.注意事项 1.及时清帐问题。 外币未清项评估是按借贷分别统计后做的调整凭证。如果帐户不及时清帐,则系统就会对所有借贷双方进行分别统计,既浪费时间,又会产生多余的评估凭证。如果是冲销而不按正常操作,做反向凭证处理,效果同上。 例:下列评估产生的凭证就是未清帐造成的 00000006 031125 0500008963 031130 031130 SA                  外币评估 SAPF100 汇兑损益-应收帐款   001  S  0051514003    40       EUR        101,248.22 往来应收-换算调整   002  S  0011810198    50       EUR       -101,248.22 往来应收-换算调整   003  S  0011810198    40       EUR        101,248.22 汇兑损益-应收帐款   004  S  0051514003    50       EUR       -101,248.22 下列评估凭证是清帐不彻底造成的 00000005 031125 0500008962 031130 031130 SA                  外币评估 SAPF100 汇兑损益-应收帐款   001  S  0051514003     40      DEM        75,320.20 往来应收-换算调整   002  S  0011810198     50      DEM        -75,320.20 往来应收-换算调整   003  S  0011810198     40      DEM        71,163.70 汇兑损益-应收帐款   004  S  0051514003     50      DEM       -71,163.70 这个凭证实际只做差额4,156.50就可以了。 2.业务规范操作问题。不规范的业务操作会造成不必要的麻烦。 1)不能及时转汇率差异。 对于应收应付帐款,如果在收/付款时有汇率的变化,系统会自动将差异转入汇兑损益科目。如果用其他方式进行付款操作,差异就无法自动转移。而对于外币而言,由于数额相同,往往不能及时发现。 如:供应商应付款是收发票时自动产生的,应付帐款有贷方余额。按正常业务操作,在付款时应针对该供应商处理未清项,这样会自动进行清帐处理,由于汇率变化产生的差异也会自动产生汇兑损益的凭证项。该供应商的未清项明细帐就比较规范。如果付款时在总帐中做贷项凭证,差异就无法转走,未清项也会越积越多。 2)无法冲抵评估产生的汇兑差异。道理同上。 3.其他需要注意的问题。 1)增加会计科目时,如果涉及外币,要考虑评估的后台配置增加。 2)原有的会计科目中增加外币业务时,同样要考虑配置修改。 四.帐务整理建议 由于对评估策略理解问题,上线后的外币评估一直未能按系统配置要求进行,以致造成一些不正常的凭证出现。在进行新的评估之前,建议对系统中的帐务进行清理。 1.清帐。对所有应收应付的明细帐进行清理,将不正常的长期挂帐处理掉。 2.调整。对清帐产生的凭证进行全面确认,如果属不正常凭证,应进行手工调整。

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